Ocean Plankton and Climate Change
... naturalist with a tow-net, if he can sample the plankton at different times of the year, will find contrasts between spring, summer, autumn and winter almost as striking as those in the vegetation on land.” There is not, however,“a simple and gradual increase in the plankton as spring advances into ...
... naturalist with a tow-net, if he can sample the plankton at different times of the year, will find contrasts between spring, summer, autumn and winter almost as striking as those in the vegetation on land.” There is not, however,“a simple and gradual increase in the plankton as spring advances into ...
understanding climate science - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... records indicate that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have fluctuated between about 180 ppm (parts per million by volume), levels similar to pre-industrial concentrations of 280 ppm, and levels higher than 4000 ppm (Royer 2006; IPCC 2007a: 444). There is a high degree of uncertainty ...
... records indicate that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have fluctuated between about 180 ppm (parts per million by volume), levels similar to pre-industrial concentrations of 280 ppm, and levels higher than 4000 ppm (Royer 2006; IPCC 2007a: 444). There is a high degree of uncertainty ...
Vol.10, No.2, 2010
... The figure, however, shows that the observations have a rather complicated structure. The warming appears to have occurred mostly in two spurts: during 1900–1940 and 1970–2000. This complicates the attribution of the warming because both fossil fuel CO2 emissions and the increase in radiative forcin ...
... The figure, however, shows that the observations have a rather complicated structure. The warming appears to have occurred mostly in two spurts: during 1900–1940 and 1970–2000. This complicates the attribution of the warming because both fossil fuel CO2 emissions and the increase in radiative forcin ...
Borehole paleoclimatology – the effect of deep lakes and “heat
... 20 m depth. The warming rate of 0.05 C/yr. at the Czech observatory (located in a park within the campus of the Geophysical Institute in Prague) was estimated. This warming rate is two times more than the simulated value (using the surface air temperature as a forcing function). It was assumed that ...
... 20 m depth. The warming rate of 0.05 C/yr. at the Czech observatory (located in a park within the campus of the Geophysical Institute in Prague) was estimated. This warming rate is two times more than the simulated value (using the surface air temperature as a forcing function). It was assumed that ...
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
Impact of Climate Change on the Aral Sea and Its Basin
... software developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (Wigley 2008). Annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation scenarios were examined under A1FI-AIM and A1B-MES IPCC SRES scenarios (Nakicenovic et al. 2000). Temperature changes in the Aral Sea Basin are projected to increase by ...
... software developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (Wigley 2008). Annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation scenarios were examined under A1FI-AIM and A1B-MES IPCC SRES scenarios (Nakicenovic et al. 2000). Temperature changes in the Aral Sea Basin are projected to increase by ...
Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature
... present century are that average temperature rises by 2100 would be in the range of 1.4-5.8℃ [4,9]. Records show that global temperatures, averaged world-wide over the land and sea, rose 0.6 ± 0.2℃ during the 20th century. A number of recent studies have been devoted to global, hemispherical, or reg ...
... present century are that average temperature rises by 2100 would be in the range of 1.4-5.8℃ [4,9]. Records show that global temperatures, averaged world-wide over the land and sea, rose 0.6 ± 0.2℃ during the 20th century. A number of recent studies have been devoted to global, hemispherical, or reg ...
Protecting Cultural Resources in Coastal U.S. National Parks from
... anthropogenic greenhouse gases. These scenarios take into account changing rates of population growth, technology, and rates of economic development. From these scenarios, changes in the rate of sea-level rise and regional temperatures have been calculated (Figure 1). Surface air temperatures in the ...
... anthropogenic greenhouse gases. These scenarios take into account changing rates of population growth, technology, and rates of economic development. From these scenarios, changes in the rate of sea-level rise and regional temperatures have been calculated (Figure 1). Surface air temperatures in the ...
Summary Fact Sheet
... Fund for the protection of and restoration of wildlife habitats in coastal areas. made funding available to help assess the impacts of climate change and how to mitigate and adapt to them. The Regional Adaptation Collaborative program has contributed valuable funding to help provinces, local governm ...
... Fund for the protection of and restoration of wildlife habitats in coastal areas. made funding available to help assess the impacts of climate change and how to mitigate and adapt to them. The Regional Adaptation Collaborative program has contributed valuable funding to help provinces, local governm ...
Climate change and the Antarctic marine ecosystem: an essay on
... pronounced, and there may even be a slight cooling across much of the continent (Vaughan et al. 2003, Turner et al. 2009b). Nevertheless, some recent studies suggest that warming may be more extensive than previously thought (Steig et al. 2009). Global and even regional climate change will bring wit ...
... pronounced, and there may even be a slight cooling across much of the continent (Vaughan et al. 2003, Turner et al. 2009b). Nevertheless, some recent studies suggest that warming may be more extensive than previously thought (Steig et al. 2009). Global and even regional climate change will bring wit ...
Full text (pdf format) - Boreal Environment Research
... damage. Therefore, two indices are required to adequately represent the coldness of winter climate. We used the same two indices as Rochette et al. (2004) to describe the stress caused to plants in winter by freezing temperatures. Conditions with prolonged or frequent, relatively severe freezing tem ...
... damage. Therefore, two indices are required to adequately represent the coldness of winter climate. We used the same two indices as Rochette et al. (2004) to describe the stress caused to plants in winter by freezing temperatures. Conditions with prolonged or frequent, relatively severe freezing tem ...
Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change
... these patterns are consistent with previous studies (8, 11, 17, 18), but there are also some differences. For example, ensemble projections using the previous generation of GCMs and climate scenarios found a robust runoff increase in southeastern South America (19, 20), where we find no clear trend, ...
... these patterns are consistent with previous studies (8, 11, 17, 18), but there are also some differences. For example, ensemble projections using the previous generation of GCMs and climate scenarios found a robust runoff increase in southeastern South America (19, 20), where we find no clear trend, ...
Differences between carbon budget estimates
... as limiting global-mean temperature increase to below 2°C relative to preindustrial levels2, although discussion remains whether it needs to be strengthened to 1.5°C (for example, see Ref. 3). Over the past decade, a large body of literature has appeared which shows that the maximum globalmean tempe ...
... as limiting global-mean temperature increase to below 2°C relative to preindustrial levels2, although discussion remains whether it needs to be strengthened to 1.5°C (for example, see Ref. 3). Over the past decade, a large body of literature has appeared which shows that the maximum globalmean tempe ...
19. Global change
... America place their concerns with other environmental issues far ahead of global warming (Fig. 2). We have few firm commitments from nations for specific steps to mitigate potential warming. A contentious agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, is currently under debate and likely to be substantially overhau ...
... America place their concerns with other environmental issues far ahead of global warming (Fig. 2). We have few firm commitments from nations for specific steps to mitigate potential warming. A contentious agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, is currently under debate and likely to be substantially overhau ...
Climate change and thresholds of biome shifts in - mtc
... on atmospheric forcing or indirectly, on changes on land use. Lenton et al. [2008] and Kriegler et al. [2009] analyze critical thresholds of some elements in the climate system. The study shows a critical threshold with a temperature increase of 3–4°C in Amazonia. A key point for the consequences of ...
... on atmospheric forcing or indirectly, on changes on land use. Lenton et al. [2008] and Kriegler et al. [2009] analyze critical thresholds of some elements in the climate system. The study shows a critical threshold with a temperature increase of 3–4°C in Amazonia. A key point for the consequences of ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of the predictions in FAR, and would have to rise at more than thrice the previous record rate—i.e., at 0.67 K over the decade—to correspond with the central prediction. Since 1990, IPCC has all but halved its estimates both of anthrop ...
... instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of the predictions in FAR, and would have to rise at more than thrice the previous record rate—i.e., at 0.67 K over the decade—to correspond with the central prediction. Since 1990, IPCC has all but halved its estimates both of anthrop ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of the predictions in FAR, and would have to rise at more than thrice the previous record rate—i.e., at 0.67 K over the decade—to correspond with the central prediction. Since 1990, IPCC has all but halved its estimates both of anthrop ...
... instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of the predictions in FAR, and would have to rise at more than thrice the previous record rate—i.e., at 0.67 K over the decade—to correspond with the central prediction. Since 1990, IPCC has all but halved its estimates both of anthrop ...
Bluie West
... The audience will be led to believe the science is fiction, or that it is model projections of the future. Even though the science is happening now, virtually nobody knows. The more believable nature of these things happening in the future will give the story credibility. Actual events, times and pl ...
... The audience will be led to believe the science is fiction, or that it is model projections of the future. Even though the science is happening now, virtually nobody knows. The more believable nature of these things happening in the future will give the story credibility. Actual events, times and pl ...
Trends in American Public Opinion on Global Warming Policies Between... Jon A. Krosnick Bo MacInnis Stanford University
... blocks (area code + exchange + two-digit block number) that contained one or more residential directory listings. The cell phone sample was drawn through a systematic sampling from 1000 blocks dedicated to cellular service according to the Telcordia database. The data were weighted to ensure that th ...
... blocks (area code + exchange + two-digit block number) that contained one or more residential directory listings. The cell phone sample was drawn through a systematic sampling from 1000 blocks dedicated to cellular service according to the Telcordia database. The data were weighted to ensure that th ...
powerpoint presentation
... North Atlantic Oscillation or Arctic Oscillation or Northern Annular Mode: decadal time scale Southern Annular Mode: decadal time scale Atlantic overturning mode: centennial time scale (centennial and longer time scales - VERY sparse data sets, require more modeling to isolate processes) What sets t ...
... North Atlantic Oscillation or Arctic Oscillation or Northern Annular Mode: decadal time scale Southern Annular Mode: decadal time scale Atlantic overturning mode: centennial time scale (centennial and longer time scales - VERY sparse data sets, require more modeling to isolate processes) What sets t ...
Global average surface temperature has increased by 0
... Irish climate is experiencing changes which have been found to be consistent with those occurring at a global scale and there is now growing confidence that these changes are largely attributable to global warming. Between 1890-2004, mean annual temperatures in Ireland rose by 0.7oC, based on the da ...
... Irish climate is experiencing changes which have been found to be consistent with those occurring at a global scale and there is now growing confidence that these changes are largely attributable to global warming. Between 1890-2004, mean annual temperatures in Ireland rose by 0.7oC, based on the da ...
A 5˚C Arctic in a 2˚C World
... COP 21 in Paris has shown that the unified voice of stakeholders can have significant impact on political decisions. There, the Low-Lying Island Nations (AOSIS; Alliance of Small Island States) were instrumental in setting the target for a global warming well below 2oC or even below 1.5oC. Global ac ...
... COP 21 in Paris has shown that the unified voice of stakeholders can have significant impact on political decisions. There, the Low-Lying Island Nations (AOSIS; Alliance of Small Island States) were instrumental in setting the target for a global warming well below 2oC or even below 1.5oC. Global ac ...
Water in Washington (PDF)
... below indicate current and future average monthly streamflow for these watershed types. Both compare average historical conditions (1916-2006) and projected future conditions for two time periods, the 2040s (2030-2059) and the 2080s (2070-2099), under a medium greenhouse gas scenario (A1B). Green sh ...
... below indicate current and future average monthly streamflow for these watershed types. Both compare average historical conditions (1916-2006) and projected future conditions for two time periods, the 2040s (2030-2059) and the 2080s (2070-2099), under a medium greenhouse gas scenario (A1B). Green sh ...
Physical impacts of climate change
This article is about the physical impacts of climate change. For some of these physical impacts, their effect on social and economic systems are also described.