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... debate. The IPCC reports the result of six different models, which predict that average global temperatures will rise by the end of the twenty-first century from just under 2°C to as much as 6.4°C higher than they were in the year 2000. ...
... debate. The IPCC reports the result of six different models, which predict that average global temperatures will rise by the end of the twenty-first century from just under 2°C to as much as 6.4°C higher than they were in the year 2000. ...
Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... certain period of time. This means an average which is itself extreme [14]. Statistics of past climate and model simulations for the future both suggest, e.g. higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of ...
... certain period of time. This means an average which is itself extreme [14]. Statistics of past climate and model simulations for the future both suggest, e.g. higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of ...
Projection of Temperature and Precipitation in Southern Iran Using
... decreased the difference between day and night temperatures globally. It is worthwhile to note that, from theoretical point of view, average temperature of the earth’s surface is about -18 °C, although due to this radiative function of these gases, it is about ?15 °C in reality. In spite of the fact ...
... decreased the difference between day and night temperatures globally. It is worthwhile to note that, from theoretical point of view, average temperature of the earth’s surface is about -18 °C, although due to this radiative function of these gases, it is about ?15 °C in reality. In spite of the fact ...
Climate Change Class at Osher Lifelong Learning
... 5. Climate change threatens human health and well-being in many ways, including through more extreme weather events and wildfire, decreased air quality, and diseases transmitted by insects, food, and water. Climate change is increasing the risks of heat stress, respiratory stress from poor air quali ...
... 5. Climate change threatens human health and well-being in many ways, including through more extreme weather events and wildfire, decreased air quality, and diseases transmitted by insects, food, and water. Climate change is increasing the risks of heat stress, respiratory stress from poor air quali ...
the journal Nature Climate Change
... Circulation. As climate warms, atmospheric moisture content increases at a rate of 6–7% per degree of warming, set by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The global mean precipitation increase is much less (2–3% K–1) because it is constrained by tropospheric radiative cooling 13. The difference between ...
... Circulation. As climate warms, atmospheric moisture content increases at a rate of 6–7% per degree of warming, set by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The global mean precipitation increase is much less (2–3% K–1) because it is constrained by tropospheric radiative cooling 13. The difference between ...
The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems
... ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However ...
... ecosystems and the economic and social systems that depend upon them. The relationship between temperature and individual performance is reasonably well understood, and much climate-related research has focused on potential shifts in distribution and abundance driven directly by temperature. However ...
Climate change between the mid and late Holocene in northern high
... When compiling the reconstructions, the uncertainty from the calibration into temperature estimates done by the respective original authors and the uncertainty in temperature change due to internal variability were considered. These uncertainties were combined into a single standard deviation of the ...
... When compiling the reconstructions, the uncertainty from the calibration into temperature estimates done by the respective original authors and the uncertainty in temperature change due to internal variability were considered. These uncertainties were combined into a single standard deviation of the ...
Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region
... Tropical cyclones have generally grown more intense. Warmer air temperatures and increased water vapor, along with warmer sea-surface temperatures, provide more fuel to tropical storms, increasing their wind speeds (NASA 2015). Warming ocean temperatures could also cause more frequent high-intensity ...
... Tropical cyclones have generally grown more intense. Warmer air temperatures and increased water vapor, along with warmer sea-surface temperatures, provide more fuel to tropical storms, increasing their wind speeds (NASA 2015). Warming ocean temperatures could also cause more frequent high-intensity ...
Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change
... uplift. Finally, global cooling has contributed to the change in mountain flora from warmth-loving species to those characteristic of cooler environments-palaeobotanical evidence that is commonly taken to indicate recent uplift of the fossil material relative to sea level. Geomorphology. One of the ...
... uplift. Finally, global cooling has contributed to the change in mountain flora from warmth-loving species to those characteristic of cooler environments-palaeobotanical evidence that is commonly taken to indicate recent uplift of the fossil material relative to sea level. Geomorphology. One of the ...
ESTIMATION OF HEAT WAVE INDICES FROM CLIMATE MODEL
... Simulations with global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (AOGCMs) forced with GHG and aerosol emission scenarios are the primary tools for studying possible future changes in climate mean, variability and extremes [19]. Changes in extreme weather and climate events have significan ...
... Simulations with global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (AOGCMs) forced with GHG and aerosol emission scenarios are the primary tools for studying possible future changes in climate mean, variability and extremes [19]. Changes in extreme weather and climate events have significan ...
2A.3 APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT WEATHER PATTERN
... are projected in case of circulation pattern type 9 (the decrease is likely to exceed 1.1 and 1.4 mm/day for B2 and B2 scenario, respectively). This circulation type showing a strong zonal/cyclonic isobar structure in Fig. 1, was the wettest one in Hungary during the reference period (1961-1990). Ho ...
... are projected in case of circulation pattern type 9 (the decrease is likely to exceed 1.1 and 1.4 mm/day for B2 and B2 scenario, respectively). This circulation type showing a strong zonal/cyclonic isobar structure in Fig. 1, was the wettest one in Hungary during the reference period (1961-1990). Ho ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability
... Climate change is any systematic and statistically significant change in the longterm statistics of climate elements, such as precipitation, temperature, pressure, or winds, sustained over several decades or longer. Thus, climate change can be an expression of changes in long-term average precipita ...
... Climate change is any systematic and statistically significant change in the longterm statistics of climate elements, such as precipitation, temperature, pressure, or winds, sustained over several decades or longer. Thus, climate change can be an expression of changes in long-term average precipita ...
Changing probabilities of daily temperature extremes in the UK
... The gamma distribution mean is defined as ap, where a is the shape parameter and P is the scale parameter. In order to include the effects of the climate change scenarios considered, the mean of this distribution is increased by the scenario change in temperature. This implies changes to both a and ...
... The gamma distribution mean is defined as ap, where a is the shape parameter and P is the scale parameter. In order to include the effects of the climate change scenarios considered, the mean of this distribution is increased by the scenario change in temperature. This implies changes to both a and ...
East Africa
... Probable changes in mean and extreme precipitation in East Africa are estimated from general circulation models (GCMs) prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Bayesian statistics are used to derive the relative weights assigned to each member in the ...
... Probable changes in mean and extreme precipitation in East Africa are estimated from general circulation models (GCMs) prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Bayesian statistics are used to derive the relative weights assigned to each member in the ...
WMO
... live – such as predictive experiments for the future state of climate system and project how it will evolve under different emission scenarios. 13. Coordinated scientific activities by WCRP include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment Project (CMIP) that serves as the key tool to better unde ...
... live – such as predictive experiments for the future state of climate system and project how it will evolve under different emission scenarios. 13. Coordinated scientific activities by WCRP include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment Project (CMIP) that serves as the key tool to better unde ...
climate change in the american mind
... proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that believe it is caused by mostly by human activities. There has also been a slight decrease in the proportion of people who believe that most scientists think global warming is happening; this de ...
... proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that believe it is caused by mostly by human activities. There has also been a slight decrease in the proportion of people who believe that most scientists think global warming is happening; this de ...
Uncertainty in climate change impacts on water resources in the Rio
... detrended CRU dataset was used for baseline model runs with a “stable climatology” (i.e. no trend) to provide a basis for comparison with the climate change model runs (control run). ...
... detrended CRU dataset was used for baseline model runs with a “stable climatology” (i.e. no trend) to provide a basis for comparison with the climate change model runs (control run). ...
impact of aerosols on the hydrological cycle
... (2004) evaluated changes in orographic precipitation over the last 100 years. They indicated surface precipitation losses over topographical barriers by 15-25% downwind of major coastal urban areas in California and in Israel likely caused by aerosols. Contradictory results are found regarding the s ...
... (2004) evaluated changes in orographic precipitation over the last 100 years. They indicated surface precipitation losses over topographical barriers by 15-25% downwind of major coastal urban areas in California and in Israel likely caused by aerosols. Contradictory results are found regarding the s ...
What is the Climate System and How are we Altering It?
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
How are extreme temperatures changing in Sweden
... of society leads to a further increase of GHG which in turn strengthen the radiative forcing; this results in an increasing global mean temperature (Hartmann et al., 2013). In AR5, the IPCC model the trajectories of four different levels of GHG concentrations known as RCP. In these so called scenar ...
... of society leads to a further increase of GHG which in turn strengthen the radiative forcing; this results in an increasing global mean temperature (Hartmann et al., 2013). In AR5, the IPCC model the trajectories of four different levels of GHG concentrations known as RCP. In these so called scenar ...
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
... estimate of approximately 1000 ppmv); taken along with our understanding of the physics of the atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence fo ...
... estimate of approximately 1000 ppmv); taken along with our understanding of the physics of the atmosphere and radiation and the greenhouse effect, this is consistent with the idea that increases in CO2 can have a large influence on the Earth system. However, without well-constrained proxy evidence fo ...
Climate Change and Variability
... ‘unequivocal’, and most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations caused by human activities. The IPCC updates projections for global and regional changes in temperature, sea level, and pr ...
... ‘unequivocal’, and most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations caused by human activities. The IPCC updates projections for global and regional changes in temperature, sea level, and pr ...
The intensification and shift of the annual North Atlantic Oscillation in
... There is still no consensus, although many studies have been conducted on the topic. Hurrell (1996) revealed the strong relationship between atmospheric general circulation change and surface temperature anomalies. The circulation changes over the past decades result in a surface temperature anomaly ...
... There is still no consensus, although many studies have been conducted on the topic. Hurrell (1996) revealed the strong relationship between atmospheric general circulation change and surface temperature anomalies. The circulation changes over the past decades result in a surface temperature anomaly ...
Physical impacts of climate change
This article is about the physical impacts of climate change. For some of these physical impacts, their effect on social and economic systems are also described.