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Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and
... each AMM subpopulation or recognized stock. We evaluated species richness across 12 regions and quantified the extent of human subsistence use. We also assessed trends in the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall sea ice advance to provide the first comparative circumpolar measure of AMM habitat ...
... each AMM subpopulation or recognized stock. We evaluated species richness across 12 regions and quantified the extent of human subsistence use. We also assessed trends in the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall sea ice advance to provide the first comparative circumpolar measure of AMM habitat ...
Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: Global and
... causes widespread plumes over the adjacent oceans. Such a pattern of regionally concentrated surface dimming and atmospheric solar heating, accompanied by widespread dimming over the oceans, gives rise to large regional effects. Only during the last decade, we have begun to comprehend the surprising ...
... causes widespread plumes over the adjacent oceans. Such a pattern of regionally concentrated surface dimming and atmospheric solar heating, accompanied by widespread dimming over the oceans, gives rise to large regional effects. Only during the last decade, we have begun to comprehend the surprising ...
Climate Change - cloudfront.net
... emissions above 55 GtCO2eq in 2030 are characterized by substantially higher rates of ¶ emissions reductions from 2030 to 2050 (Figure SPM.5, middle panel); much more rapid scale‐up of ¶ low‐carbon energy over this period (Figure SPM.5, right panel); a larger reliance on CDR technologies ¶ in the lo ...
... emissions above 55 GtCO2eq in 2030 are characterized by substantially higher rates of ¶ emissions reductions from 2030 to 2050 (Figure SPM.5, middle panel); much more rapid scale‐up of ¶ low‐carbon energy over this period (Figure SPM.5, right panel); a larger reliance on CDR technologies ¶ in the lo ...
What is dangerous climate change?
... thank the organizing committee for shaping the symposium and making it happen. In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Bill Hare who has committed an incredible amount of time and energy by setting the content for this symposium, facilitating the scientific debate on the question “what is dangerou ...
... thank the organizing committee for shaping the symposium and making it happen. In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Bill Hare who has committed an incredible amount of time and energy by setting the content for this symposium, facilitating the scientific debate on the question “what is dangerou ...
Cooling of US Midwest summer temperature extremes from cropland
... compared with forested landscapes42 . The cooling influence of elevated evapotranspiration on temperatures is expected to be most pronounced for high-temperature days when evaporative demand is the greatest43 , consistent with observed temperature trends. To quantitatively evaluate whether changes i ...
... compared with forested landscapes42 . The cooling influence of elevated evapotranspiration on temperatures is expected to be most pronounced for high-temperature days when evaporative demand is the greatest43 , consistent with observed temperature trends. To quantitatively evaluate whether changes i ...
The Role Of Halocarbons In The Climate Change Of The
... efficiency is a radiative forcing per unit concentration, and is a measure of a halocarbons ability to alter surface temperature. Clouds absorb upwelling radiation from the surface and emit this at a cooler temperature, hence they reduce a halocarbons ability to warm the TTL. Using our cloud climato ...
... efficiency is a radiative forcing per unit concentration, and is a measure of a halocarbons ability to alter surface temperature. Clouds absorb upwelling radiation from the surface and emit this at a cooler temperature, hence they reduce a halocarbons ability to warm the TTL. Using our cloud climato ...
Regional Climate Messages for Southern Africa
... and warm Indian Ocean. Most of the region receives the majority of its rainfall in the summer months with the exception of southwest South Africa. Temperature and rainfall vary on annual, decadal and multi-decadal timescales. Over the past fifty years there has been substantial multi-decadal variabi ...
... and warm Indian Ocean. Most of the region receives the majority of its rainfall in the summer months with the exception of southwest South Africa. Temperature and rainfall vary on annual, decadal and multi-decadal timescales. Over the past fifty years there has been substantial multi-decadal variabi ...
Estimation of Climate Change Impacts (Pece Ristevski
... (more exactly last twenty years), under the influence of fossil fuel usage and physicalchemical components in the atmosphere structure, the influence of the fourth factor (anthropogenic factor) is more expressed and it becomes one of the more dominant factors of climate. Although Republic of Macedon ...
... (more exactly last twenty years), under the influence of fossil fuel usage and physicalchemical components in the atmosphere structure, the influence of the fourth factor (anthropogenic factor) is more expressed and it becomes one of the more dominant factors of climate. Although Republic of Macedon ...
Bates_2004 - Bowdoin College
... collective picture of a warming world…” “…most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.” “ Anthropogenic climate change will persist for many centuries.” “Emissions of greenhouse gases… continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect th ...
... collective picture of a warming world…” “…most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.” “ Anthropogenic climate change will persist for many centuries.” “Emissions of greenhouse gases… continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect th ...
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep
... Global ocean anthropogenic carbon inventories suggest that the ocean took up a cumulative ∼ 155 ± 31 Pg C (1015 g of carbon) in 2010 (Khatiwala et al., 2013). This uptake of CO2 is causing profound changes in seawater chemistry resulting from increased hydrogen ion concentration (decrease in pH, pH ...
... Global ocean anthropogenic carbon inventories suggest that the ocean took up a cumulative ∼ 155 ± 31 Pg C (1015 g of carbon) in 2010 (Khatiwala et al., 2013). This uptake of CO2 is causing profound changes in seawater chemistry resulting from increased hydrogen ion concentration (decrease in pH, pH ...
Microsoft Word
... CASE STUDY: Global Warming – the forest from the trees 3. Measuring the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Air temperatures over land are usually measured at a height of between 1.2 and 2.0 m above ground in a Stevenson Screen. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are the traditional instruments us ...
... CASE STUDY: Global Warming – the forest from the trees 3. Measuring the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Air temperatures over land are usually measured at a height of between 1.2 and 2.0 m above ground in a Stevenson Screen. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are the traditional instruments us ...
Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery
... Near the surface, changes in the SAM are expected to be associated with regional warming and cooling. For instance, Thompson et al. (2011) suggest that about half of the surface warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and nearly all of the surface cooling over east Antarctica which were observed during ...
... Near the surface, changes in the SAM are expected to be associated with regional warming and cooling. For instance, Thompson et al. (2011) suggest that about half of the surface warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and nearly all of the surface cooling over east Antarctica which were observed during ...
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
... measurement depths (buckets, typically 30 cm; buoys, typically 1 m; engine inlets, typically 10 m) and from heat inputs from the ship near engine inlets. Biases can also vary by nation. The biases are not large enough to prejudice conclusions about recent warming. The increasing amount of buoy data, ...
... measurement depths (buckets, typically 30 cm; buoys, typically 1 m; engine inlets, typically 10 m) and from heat inputs from the ship near engine inlets. Biases can also vary by nation. The biases are not large enough to prejudice conclusions about recent warming. The increasing amount of buoy data, ...
5 Managing change in coastal environments
... –– Exploitation of oil and natural gas reserves in inshore areas and increasingly also in deep-sea areas, resulting in smaller or greater amounts of oil being released into the sea –– Sand, gravel and rock for construction purposes –– For the development of new pharmaceuticals: extraction of genetic ...
... –– Exploitation of oil and natural gas reserves in inshore areas and increasingly also in deep-sea areas, resulting in smaller or greater amounts of oil being released into the sea –– Sand, gravel and rock for construction purposes –– For the development of new pharmaceuticals: extraction of genetic ...
Impacts of climate change on a grassland catchment
... The marked degradation in freshwater bodies over recent decades has led to a more regulatory approach to their management in both Europe and the US. In the US, for example, legislation has been enacted at both federal and state level to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for pollutants of con ...
... The marked degradation in freshwater bodies over recent decades has led to a more regulatory approach to their management in both Europe and the US. In the US, for example, legislation has been enacted at both federal and state level to develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for pollutants of con ...
PDF
... so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be attributed to an increase in solar energy reaching the Earth. The frequency of volcanic eruptions, which tend to cool the Earth by reflecting sunlight back to space, also has not increased or decreased significantly. Thus, there are no known natural ...
... so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be attributed to an increase in solar energy reaching the Earth. The frequency of volcanic eruptions, which tend to cool the Earth by reflecting sunlight back to space, also has not increased or decreased significantly. Thus, there are no known natural ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... Based on the below Carbon Flux information, how many years will it take for the carbon in the atm/ocean/bio to double? *1 Gt = 1015 grams Atmosphere-Ocean-Biosphere 40,000 Gt Net Carbon Flux ...
... Based on the below Carbon Flux information, how many years will it take for the carbon in the atm/ocean/bio to double? *1 Gt = 1015 grams Atmosphere-Ocean-Biosphere 40,000 Gt Net Carbon Flux ...
Ice Core Proxy Methods for Tracking Climate Change
... that is younger than the ice it is contained in. Still, for atmospheric trace gases with relatively short residence times including greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), air bubbles are invaluable for studying past atmospheric composition. By studyin ...
... that is younger than the ice it is contained in. Still, for atmospheric trace gases with relatively short residence times including greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), air bubbles are invaluable for studying past atmospheric composition. By studyin ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... There has been no trend in statewide average temperature for more than 85 years The long-term trend in precipitation is upwards, increasing water availability for everyone Lake Erie water levels have slightly risen over the past 50 years The state’s agricultural yields have been rising Gro ...
... There has been no trend in statewide average temperature for more than 85 years The long-term trend in precipitation is upwards, increasing water availability for everyone Lake Erie water levels have slightly risen over the past 50 years The state’s agricultural yields have been rising Gro ...
Consequences of Climate Warming and Altered Precipitation
... Thus, climate warming may result in positive, negative, or potentially no effect on forest productivity, depending on individual species responses under different climate change scenarios as well as interacting climate change factors (Kirschbaum, 2000). In particular, the effects of warming may dif ...
... Thus, climate warming may result in positive, negative, or potentially no effect on forest productivity, depending on individual species responses under different climate change scenarios as well as interacting climate change factors (Kirschbaum, 2000). In particular, the effects of warming may dif ...
Physical impacts of climate change
This article is about the physical impacts of climate change. For some of these physical impacts, their effect on social and economic systems are also described.