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Social Disorganization Theory
Social Disorganization Theory

... sources of variation in city crime rates, Schuessler and Slatin (1964) directly acknowledge that they “found it necessary to use the dependent variable” (i.e. crime) as “an index of the very condition in which the explanation is concerted to lie” (i.e. social disorganization). As Bursik notes in hi ...
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Sociology for care practice - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
Sociology for care practice - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges

... In studying sociology you are guaranteed to question aspects of what you have been ‘raised’ to believe and will almost certainly ask questions you haven’t asked - or perhaps even considered before! ‘It can be said that the first wisdom of sociology is this - things are not always what they seem.’ (B ...
MOBILIZATION FORUM: Reply to Snow and Benford Breaking the Frame
MOBILIZATION FORUM: Reply to Snow and Benford Breaking the Frame

... article makes clear this should not be construed as a comprehensive critique of the framing perspective. David Snow and Rob Benford have given us useful concepts for the cultural analysis of social movements under the rubric of the framing, as well as extensive contributions to the research and theo ...
Functionalist Theories
Functionalist Theories

... basically norms "writ large" - that is, norms of behaviour that don't just apply informally to specific groups but which, on the contrary, are applied formally to everyone in society. As we have seen, Durkheim argues that people are shaped by their social experiences (they experience society as a mo ...
Social Symbolism
Social Symbolism

... summarized briefly the most important questions raised in studies of symbolization. One could refer to more contemporary authors, like Clifford Geertz or Mary Douglas, than those quoted by Schutz, but his accurate formulation of the pervading confusion over four fundamental questions is still valid. ...
Friday, March 12, 1:30pm: Opening remarks
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Conceptualization and Analytic Unit in Durkheim

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Visible materials, visualised theory and images of social research

... Neat divisions between evidence, observation and theory are attractive to most scientists, but they are confounded by research in which data take the form of words themselves, as they do in much fieldwork and other forms of ‘qualitative’ inquiry. These divisions are also confounded by word and image ...
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Sociology and the Sociological Perspective

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3. On the costs of conceptualizing social ties as

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ARTICLE - University of Hertfordshire
ARTICLE - University of Hertfordshire

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1 Introduction to Social Casework: Historical Development

Social Values and Social Structures - FIU Digital Commons
Social Values and Social Structures - FIU Digital Commons

... operate as a radically redemptive force which will elevate and ennoble man ...
Social Values and Social Structures - FIU Digital Commons
Social Values and Social Structures - FIU Digital Commons

... operate as a radically redemptive force which will elevate and ennoble man ...
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Evidence and Objectivity in the Social Sciences

... aim of research in social science is to arrive at true factual beliefs about social and historical phenomena, and to arrive at sound explanations of these phenomena. These aims are pursued through empirical research: through a set of discipline-specific procedures for collecting, analyzing, and eval ...
Talcott Parsons (1902 – 1979)
Talcott Parsons (1902 – 1979)

... our senses. This “filtering” is largely unconscious, and is affected by factors such as cultural constructs including language, personal experience, belief systems, and so forth. Different cultures create different ...
< 1 ... 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ... 71 >

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism is a modern name given to various theories of society that emerged in the United Kingdom, North America, and Western Europe in the 1870s, which claim to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics. Economically, social Darwinists argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease. Different social Darwinists have differing views about which groups of people are considered to be the strong and which groups of people are considered to be the weak, and they also hold different opinions about the precise mechanism that should be used to reward strength and punish weakness. Many such views stress competition between individuals in laissez-faire capitalism, while others are claimed to have motivated ideas of eugenics, racism, imperialism, fascism, Nazism, and struggle between national or racial groups.The term social Darwinism gained widespread currency when used after 1944 by opponents of these earlier concepts. The majority of those who have been categorised as social Darwinists, did not identify themselves by such a label.Creationists have often maintained that social Darwinism—leading to policies designed to reward the most competitive—is a logical consequence of ""Darwinism"" (the theory of natural selection in biology). Biologists and historians have stated that this is a fallacy of appeal to nature, since the theory of natural selection is merely intended as a description of a biological phenomenon and should not be taken to imply that this phenomenon is good or that it ought to be used as a moral guide in human society. While most scholars recognize some historical links between the popularisation of Darwin's theory and forms of social Darwinism, they also maintain that social Darwinism is not a necessary consequence of the principles of biological evolution.Scholars debate the extent to which the various social Darwinist ideologies reflect Charles Darwin's own views on human social and economic issues. His writings have passages that can be interpreted as opposing aggressive individualism, while other passages appear to promote it. Some scholars argue that Darwin's view gradually changed and came to incorporate views from the leading social interpreters of his theory such as Herbert Spencer. But Spencer's Lamarckian evolutionary ideas about society were published before Darwin first published his theory, and both promoted their own conceptions of moral values. Spencer supported laissez-faire capitalism on the basis of his Lamarckian belief that struggle for survival spurred self-improvement which could be inherited.
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