• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Climatic constraints on wintering bird distributions are modified by
Climatic constraints on wintering bird distributions are modified by

... 1. Ecologists have long been interested in the role of climate in shaping species’ ranges, and in recent years, this relationship has taken on greater significance because of the need for accurate predictions of the effects of climate change on wildlife populations. Bioclimatic relationships, however ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... the fourth report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is saying. What is being proposed, I think, is still too little, too late— necessary but not nearly sufficient. And it is being sold as “realism” by people who have convinced themselves that they have to understate the problem to b ...
Read about it: Teen girls prompt United Nations
Read about it: Teen girls prompt United Nations

... capturing the ear of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child by linking Canada’s failed record on climate change to children’s human rights. During Canada’s review, committee members from Norway and Chile picked up the girls’ message and pressed Canada about its lack of response to c ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... At regional scales, deforestation leads to drying (and heating), owing primarily to reduced evapotranspiration and water-holding capacity of soil E.g., cities in the Brazilian Amazon are warmer and drier than those areas were before they became urban centers E.g., much of Greece is warmer and drier ...
Climate Science is Not Settled
Climate Science is Not Settled

... energy balance [7]. As a result, the models give widely varying descriptions of the climate's inner workings. Since they disagree so markedly, no more than one of them can be right. • Although the Earth's average surface temperature rose sharply by 0.9 degree Fahrenheit during the last quarter of th ...
Earth`s Climate System Today
Earth`s Climate System Today

... Study of climate change prior to the period of instrumental measurements Instrumental records span only a fraction (<10-7) of Earth's climatic history  Provide a inadequate perspective on climatic variation and the evolution of the climate today and in the future A longer perspective on climate var ...
Who are Envirowise?
Who are Envirowise?

...  Most people in the UK think that climate change:  is confusing – they can't see how it relates to them;  won't affect them personally;  is a problem for the future, not now; and  can't be affected by their individual actions, because the problem is so big. ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... • Concept 15-4 Considerable scientific evidence indicates that emissions of greenhouse gases into the earth’s atmosphere from human activities will lead to significant climate change during this century. ...
Eco−friendly economists awarded the Leontief Prize
Eco−friendly economists awarded the Leontief Prize

... He likened the current discourse on climate change to the period following World War II. "People could see that not collaborating had led to dreadful consequences," he said. Governments must act in an innovative and collaborative fashion, he said, to avoid the ecological disasters that scientists ha ...
Uncertainty in climate economic modeling: Does time preference
Uncertainty in climate economic modeling: Does time preference

... climate change mitigation. However, for these models huge uncertainty regarding several input parameters exist since the effect of these parameters on climate change is difficult to predict, estimate and valuate. This paper examines the effects on uncertainty about the pure time preference parameter ...
Climate Change - Western Kentucky University
Climate Change - Western Kentucky University

... Island States are among the most vulnerable to Climate Change Most island nations are dependent on highcost fossil fuels and very expensive electricity A significant number of people don’t have access to electricity, especially in the Pacific Island States are especially suited to utilize modern ren ...
Schmidt2007-Physics-of-ClimateModeling.pdf
Schmidt2007-Physics-of-ClimateModeling.pdf

... proved measurably over the past 20 years. Interestingly, the average across all models almost invariably outperforms any single model, which shows that the errors in the simulations are surprisingly unbiased. Significant biases common to most models do exist, however—for instance, in patterns of tro ...
Document
Document

... simulated by general circulation models (GCMs), because they are useful in comparing the size of response by different models and to different forcings (greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar variability, etc.). If the imposed forcing is F and the radiative response caused by climate change is H, N=F-H i ...
Impacts_L12_2011_post
Impacts_L12_2011_post

... The marginal damage is sometimes called “social cost of carbon, SCC, which you will calculate soon. ...
4å,f¡:*iñ - Citizens` Climate Lobby
4å,f¡:*iñ - Citizens` Climate Lobby

... devoted to empowering individuals to effect policies at the national level that would reduce climate emissions. There are now 400 ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere, while for the last 800,000 years the world has fluctuated between 170-300 ppm. lt is iust in the last 50 years that we have gone beyond that ...
- Eprints@CMFRI
- Eprints@CMFRI

... Human beings, like other living organisms, have always influenced their environment. It is only since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the mid18th century, that the impact of human activities has begun to extend to a much larger scale. Human activities, in particular those involving the ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... issued its Third Assessment Report (TAR) in 2001 that described what was currently known about the global climate system and provided future estimates about the state of the global climate system. • The IPCC reported that the average global surface temperature increased by 0.6ºC during the 20th cent ...
Whole speech by the Minister
Whole speech by the Minister

... commitment to further reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent by 2030 compared to 1990. The Czech Republic is currently well on track to fulfil its commitments under the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Our greenhouse gas emissions in 2014 were 37 per cent ...
Changes in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change
Changes in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change

... •But the responses of ecosystems to a stressor are often not linear •The impacts of climate change will be different at different scales across different regions. •necessity to maintain and extend high quality, long-term monitoring to better understand the key processes that control system responses ...
Integrity of Creation
Integrity of Creation

... dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat trapping capability of the earth's atmosphere. Why are greenhouse gases concentrations increasing? Scientists generally b ...
Carbon Pricing in California
Carbon Pricing in California

... •  Directs design of Scoping Plan of regulatory measures to meet 2020 target •  Authorizes California to adopt market-based compliance mechanism ...
ACC Panel Reports - American Chemical Society
ACC Panel Reports - American Chemical Society

... Needed: much more effort to describe vividly: What losing control of the planet looks like. What taking charge of the planet looks like. ...
Diapositiva 1 - PreventionWeb.net
Diapositiva 1 - PreventionWeb.net

... Increase of the number of extreme weather events as marine and land storms, sea ​level rise, leading to flooding, seacoast erosion, acerbating of environmental situation in general as a result of climate change impact ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Impacts in the Pacific Coastline Shifting Ranges of Checkerspot Butterflies • Edith’s checkerspot: range has shifted northward and to higher elevations over 40+ years • Quino checkerspot: first endangered species for which climate change is officially listed as a threat and as a factor in the plan f ...
We were wrong - Climate Place
We were wrong - Climate Place

... Stores methane in Siberia and other Arctic regions ...
< 1 ... 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 ... 857 >

Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report