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... is expected to yield positive net economic benefits compared to maintaining the status quo. In the absence of more detailed consideration, the decisionmaker is not aware of any environmental hazards that may be associated with the project that could inflict high damage. However, more detailed study ...
... is expected to yield positive net economic benefits compared to maintaining the status quo. In the absence of more detailed consideration, the decisionmaker is not aware of any environmental hazards that may be associated with the project that could inflict high damage. However, more detailed study ...
Highland climate change strategy
... The Energy Management Performance Plan set targets to reduce energy use by 15%, avoid £3.8M in energy costs, reduce CO2 emissions by a minimum of 15% and increase the installed capacity of renewable energy equipment by a minimum of 4,000kW by 2010. “Green Electricity - 64% of the electricity current ...
... The Energy Management Performance Plan set targets to reduce energy use by 15%, avoid £3.8M in energy costs, reduce CO2 emissions by a minimum of 15% and increase the installed capacity of renewable energy equipment by a minimum of 4,000kW by 2010. “Green Electricity - 64% of the electricity current ...
Storm Risk Mitigation through Improved Prediction and
... and intensity (a) in the short-term (0-48 hours) through numerical weather prediction (NWP) and (b) in the long-term (over decades with evolving climate change) through improved climate prediction. On both timescales there is a need to improve forecasting of impacts. Several research gaps need to be ...
... and intensity (a) in the short-term (0-48 hours) through numerical weather prediction (NWP) and (b) in the long-term (over decades with evolving climate change) through improved climate prediction. On both timescales there is a need to improve forecasting of impacts. Several research gaps need to be ...
MODERN-DAY DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN CENTRAL
... gain access to information about anthropogenic impacts on nature. The influence of human activity on climate change has been a hot topic in recent discussions among environmental scientists, and one that has attracted significant attention on the part of researchers from other areas of study represe ...
... gain access to information about anthropogenic impacts on nature. The influence of human activity on climate change has been a hot topic in recent discussions among environmental scientists, and one that has attracted significant attention on the part of researchers from other areas of study represe ...
Vulnerability, Resilience, & Adaptation: Societal Causes
... Sensitivity: the degree to which changes and/or variability in climate lead to changes in system attributes Adaptation: adjustments in anticipation of or in response to climate change and/or variability Adaptive capacity: the ability to adjust to new conditions Exposure: climate stimuli that affect ...
... Sensitivity: the degree to which changes and/or variability in climate lead to changes in system attributes Adaptation: adjustments in anticipation of or in response to climate change and/or variability Adaptive capacity: the ability to adjust to new conditions Exposure: climate stimuli that affect ...
Climate Change as Threat Multiplier
... reports highlighted below are significantly influenced by a changing climate, and there is little logic in pitting them against each other. Water crises: The reports show that global leaders placed “water crises” near the top of their concerns in both 2014 and 2015. However, it is certainly artifici ...
... reports highlighted below are significantly influenced by a changing climate, and there is little logic in pitting them against each other. Water crises: The reports show that global leaders placed “water crises” near the top of their concerns in both 2014 and 2015. However, it is certainly artifici ...
Carbon-Pipelines-Affirmative---Supplement---NDI-2012
... similarities with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) [8], which is transported by ship at a relatively large scale, experiences and design criterion for LPG shipping can be used in the establishment of a large-scale C02-transportation infrastructure. Ship transportation Experiences Transportation of comm ...
... similarities with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) [8], which is transported by ship at a relatively large scale, experiences and design criterion for LPG shipping can be used in the establishment of a large-scale C02-transportation infrastructure. Ship transportation Experiences Transportation of comm ...
Climate Change and Small Island States: Adr ift in a Raising Sea of
... policy first announced by the Maldives, President Tong has suggested that the solution to his nation’s disappearance could be purchasing land in another country to relocate the entire population of Kiribati.7 This unprecedented situation raises the question: what would be the legal status of an I-Ki ...
... policy first announced by the Maldives, President Tong has suggested that the solution to his nation’s disappearance could be purchasing land in another country to relocate the entire population of Kiribati.7 This unprecedented situation raises the question: what would be the legal status of an I-Ki ...
Long term goal
... •effectiveness, efficiency and transition for MICs (rules and inputs) •access for LICs (rules and inputs) •rationale for sector expansion (forestry) •identify trade offs (supporting development relative to abatement) ...
... •effectiveness, efficiency and transition for MICs (rules and inputs) •access for LICs (rules and inputs) •rationale for sector expansion (forestry) •identify trade offs (supporting development relative to abatement) ...
Climate Change Communication Guide
... harming people, and there is scientific consensus. (An effective way to phrase the consensus is: Based on the evidence, more than 97% of climate scientists have concluded that human-caused climate change is happening.) 2) Use visual media and real examples in the park; gradually expand to other area ...
... harming people, and there is scientific consensus. (An effective way to phrase the consensus is: Based on the evidence, more than 97% of climate scientists have concluded that human-caused climate change is happening.) 2) Use visual media and real examples in the park; gradually expand to other area ...
Climate Literacy Principles
... The increased burning of fossil fuels since the start of the industrial revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Because carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for many years (hundreds to thousands of years) before being removed by natural processes, this has cont ...
... The increased burning of fossil fuels since the start of the industrial revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Because carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for many years (hundreds to thousands of years) before being removed by natural processes, this has cont ...
section home - Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
... Rising temperatures reduce the oxygencarrying capacity of the ocean, which limits the maximum body size that large fish can achieve. As a result, catches of smaller fish are predicted for the future. The number of ‘dead zones’, depleted in oxygen, is increasing, which is affecting coastal ecosystems ...
... Rising temperatures reduce the oxygencarrying capacity of the ocean, which limits the maximum body size that large fish can achieve. As a result, catches of smaller fish are predicted for the future. The number of ‘dead zones’, depleted in oxygen, is increasing, which is affecting coastal ecosystems ...
BCC Syllabus
... • Analyze causes and effects of climate change • Explain the relationship between human activities and climate change, with emphasis on forest ecosystems and conservation • Assess the impacts of human activities on climate and the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services and socio-economic sy ...
... • Analyze causes and effects of climate change • Explain the relationship between human activities and climate change, with emphasis on forest ecosystems and conservation • Assess the impacts of human activities on climate and the impacts of climate change on ecosystem services and socio-economic sy ...
Global Warming - The Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
... papers published in scientific magazines because it reached such a vast audience (4). The politician replaced the scientists as the informer of the public. This mixing of sources from scientists and politicians has caused the media to convey a greater sense of uncertainty about global warming. PhD ...
... papers published in scientific magazines because it reached such a vast audience (4). The politician replaced the scientists as the informer of the public. This mixing of sources from scientists and politicians has caused the media to convey a greater sense of uncertainty about global warming. PhD ...
Climate Change / Global Warming and Its Impacts on Parasitology
... fuels) and the land surface (such as deforestation, reforestation, urbanization and desertification) [4]. Climate change is said to be a normal part of the earth’s natural variability, which is related to interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, and land, as well as changes in the amount of solar r ...
... fuels) and the land surface (such as deforestation, reforestation, urbanization and desertification) [4]. Climate change is said to be a normal part of the earth’s natural variability, which is related to interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, and land, as well as changes in the amount of solar r ...
Integrated Assessment - Jeroen van der Sluijs
... climate change problem is a key example to illustrate this changing role and its consequences for evolution of IA and its toolbox. The development of international climate policy can be roughly divided into five periods (Table 1). IA started to play a role in the agenda-setting phase. In this proces ...
... climate change problem is a key example to illustrate this changing role and its consequences for evolution of IA and its toolbox. The development of international climate policy can be roughly divided into five periods (Table 1). IA started to play a role in the agenda-setting phase. In this proces ...
Major issues unresolved as Bali meeting approaches its end by
... Another draft at 6 pm today had rather minor changes in some parts, while retaining the language in the most important parts. There are at least four major areas of contention. First is the reference in two paragraphs of the Chapeau to scientific findings on climate change and that points to emissio ...
... Another draft at 6 pm today had rather minor changes in some parts, while retaining the language in the most important parts. There are at least four major areas of contention. First is the reference in two paragraphs of the Chapeau to scientific findings on climate change and that points to emissio ...
Слайд 1 - Hydrograph Model
... model may be considered to be one of those models • The stochastic model of Weather was used here to downscale climate change projections for specific sites and generate numerous continuous series of meteorological data with assigned parameters. In general, it can be replaced with some more advanced ...
... model may be considered to be one of those models • The stochastic model of Weather was used here to downscale climate change projections for specific sites and generate numerous continuous series of meteorological data with assigned parameters. In general, it can be replaced with some more advanced ...
Final review - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
Baltic Sea catchment
... • Detection of the presence of non-natural signals: rejection of null hypothesis that recent trends are drawn from the distribution of trends given by the historical record. Statistical proof. • Different definition: „Detection is the process of demonstrating than an observed change is significantly ...
... • Detection of the presence of non-natural signals: rejection of null hypothesis that recent trends are drawn from the distribution of trends given by the historical record. Statistical proof. • Different definition: „Detection is the process of demonstrating than an observed change is significantly ...
Plants and Animals in Washington (PDF)
... changes in salinity due to sea level rise may facilitate invasion by non-native species better adapted to salinity variations, such as the invasive New Zealand mud snail, which has been found in the Columbia River estuary.[G][10] ...
... changes in salinity due to sea level rise may facilitate invasion by non-native species better adapted to salinity variations, such as the invasive New Zealand mud snail, which has been found in the Columbia River estuary.[G][10] ...
based Climate Change Policy in Japan
... The presentation will include information of IPCC-AR5, progress of researches supported by Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (e.g. S-8 project), situation of national adaptation plan, supports for developing countries (e.g. adaptation initiative), GOSAT and so on. GOSAT (Greenhous ...
... The presentation will include information of IPCC-AR5, progress of researches supported by Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (e.g. S-8 project), situation of national adaptation plan, supports for developing countries (e.g. adaptation initiative), GOSAT and so on. GOSAT (Greenhous ...
Integrating climate science with regional planning and policy
... research-based information [legitimacy] • Decisions based on efficiency, optimization • Methodologies for providing model output as the end product to operational management Pulwarty and Jacobs, 2005 ...
... research-based information [legitimacy] • Decisions based on efficiency, optimization • Methodologies for providing model output as the end product to operational management Pulwarty and Jacobs, 2005 ...
Slide 1
... The Climate Change Issue • Contested impacts: – Current: Satellite measurements show that the waters around the world rose 3.3 millimeters per year, averaged from 1993 to 2006. The IPCC foresaw 2 millimeters per year.” (3) – Future: “Crop output could fall 5% to 10% by 2030, according to estimates ...
... The Climate Change Issue • Contested impacts: – Current: Satellite measurements show that the waters around the world rose 3.3 millimeters per year, averaged from 1993 to 2006. The IPCC foresaw 2 millimeters per year.” (3) – Future: “Crop output could fall 5% to 10% by 2030, according to estimates ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).