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E-mail:  - North Pacific Marine Science
E-mail: - North Pacific Marine Science

... Emergent empirical patterns in complex systems, such as those involved in multi-species fisheries, can be generated by processes related to invariant-variant factors such as class-size, body mass, species abundance, composition and interactions across different spatial and temporal scales. Such empi ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Building damage (extreme weather events, hurricanes, tornadoes, Nor’easters, ice storms) Power outages/damage (ice storms, extreme heat, extreme weather) Water pollution/contamination (intense storm events, rainfall events) CSO overflows (intense storm events, intense rainfall events) Drought (extre ...
SciTCA Workshop - Bits `n Pieces, Keith Burrows
SciTCA Workshop - Bits `n Pieces, Keith Burrows

... Dr Thomas Stemler, Assistant Professor, School of Mathematics and Statistics, UWA Dr Pieter Poot, Assistant Professor in Plant Conservation Biology, School of Plant Biology, UWA Dr. Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Senior Lecturer, School of Earth and Environment, UWA Adam McHugh, Lecturer, School of Engineering ...
- Global Support Programme
- Global Support Programme

... as systemic information that allows them to anticipate possible damages of the productive systems exacerbated by climate change. This result aims at generating an evaluation methodology on local damages, at revaluing the use of local or traditional knowledge of bio-indicators in agricultural and liv ...
View Document - Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford
View Document - Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford

Chapter 6: Agriculture - Oregon Climate Change Research Institute
Chapter 6: Agriculture - Oregon Climate Change Research Institute

... certain specialty tree fruit crops may not be met, which can hamper crop yield (Houston et al., (n.d.)). The coldest day of the year, used to define cold hardiness zones, is projected to shift northward and toward higher elevations as the climate warms (fig. 6.2) (Parker and Abatzoglou, 2016). Clima ...
Educator Guide - The Field Museum
Educator Guide - The Field Museum

... containers; eating more fruits, grains and vegetables; taking showers, not baths. 2. What are some features of a sustainable living environment? A sustainable building generates much of its own power from solar panels, wind turbines and other renewable sources and has energy efficient insulation an ...
Impact of climate change on Least Developed Countries: are the
Impact of climate change on Least Developed Countries: are the

... women with no labour support;7 in Ethiopia, girls often spend more time fetching water during droughts.8 ...
PowerPoint Presentation - European Academy of Sciences
PowerPoint Presentation - European Academy of Sciences

... grow (e.g. sea-level rise). • Adaptation is possible, but there are limits to it and costs grow with warming. ...
Global Warming Guide
Global Warming Guide

Towards	2050:		Climate	Change Research	2014-2020 Informing	Transition	and	Opportunity
Towards 2050: Climate Change Research 2014-2020 Informing Transition and Opportunity

... 2050 should mark the completion of a major global transition to a low emissions economy and society if major and unmanageable impacts are to be avoided. The ‘Towards 2050’ concept for the research strategy aims to envision and prepare the ground for that transition through information, innovation an ...
Human population as a dynamic factor in environmental degradation
Human population as a dynamic factor in environmental degradation

... harmful stresses on plants and animals. While Fig. 5 is only a schematic and not to be taken too literally, it does indicate how the web of infrastructural interconnections in human society, which becomes increasingly dense as population grows, can result in synergistic land use effects that are dam ...
Climate Change: The 21st Century`s Most Urgent Environmental
Climate Change: The 21st Century`s Most Urgent Environmental

... would increase by between 0.042 and 0.105 billion, depending on the precise climate model employed to estimate future climate change.42 The impact of the Kyoto Protocol for this risk category will also be minimal into the 2080s. ...
Some Pressing Global Environmental Problems of Our
Some Pressing Global Environmental Problems of Our

... In the winter of 1997 a Polish academic colleague of the author asked him this question: “If you were Mother Earth and considering what man has been doing to this beautiful Blue Planet, the like of which we have not yet found anywhere in the unimaginable vastness of the Cosmos, what would you think ...
State of the Planet
State of the Planet

...  UN Food and Agriculture Organization definition of food security: “when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”  Currently,1B people without food security (1 ...
Climate change induced loss and damage in Pakistan
Climate change induced loss and damage in Pakistan

... change to irrigated agriculture translates into high risk for the entire country. Further, by the end of the 21st century (2081 – 2100), global surface temperatures are expected to increase by over 1.5°C, while warming is likely to exceed 2°C based on all but 1 of the RCPs used in the 5th Assessment ...
It`s not The `air miles` that matter! What really matters?
It`s not The `air miles` that matter! What really matters?

... the UK by ship. Of all Africa’s export of fruit and vegetables, 90% travels by ship, which has the lowest per tonne impact of any transport mode. Air freight accounts for only 0.3% of total UK greenhouse gas emissions against the 8% associated with meat and dairy production. • The distance a produc ...
Farmers` Awareness and Risk Perception about Climate Change in
Farmers` Awareness and Risk Perception about Climate Change in

... Coastal area of India is more prone to the devastating impact of climate change. The present study was conducted in Sunderban coastal ecosystem of West Bengal which is famous for mangrove forest and aquatic resources but this area is now under the adverse impact of climate change. Total six villages ...
Marine plankton - Scottish Natural Heritage
Marine plankton - Scottish Natural Heritage

... High ...
1 The ocean is an important factor in determining Earth`s climate and
1 The ocean is an important factor in determining Earth`s climate and

... (0.6 miles) beneath the surface of our oceans. However, Venus has no oceans, and liquid water has no chance of existing anywhere on its surface. Venus has a very effective greenhouse effect. The carbon dioxide gas that makes up most of its atmosphere allows visible light from the Sun to enter the at ...
CMIP5 data provided at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre
CMIP5 data provided at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre

... historical: Impose changing conditions (consistent with observations from 1850-2005), which may include: atmospheric composition due to both anthropogenic and volcanic influences, solar forcing, emissions or concentrations of short-lived species and natural and anthropogenic aerosols or their precur ...
Medieval Warm Epoch, Little Ice Age
Medieval Warm Epoch, Little Ice Age

... the glacier. They record how cold it was, how much snow fell in a year, what the concentration of atmospheric gases was and what the atmospheric circulation patterns were. We can identify annual layers in the ice because the concentration of sea salts, nitrate, mineral dust and the gas content in wi ...
1 May 13, 2008 Johnson Center, Dewberry Hall George Mason
1 May 13, 2008 Johnson Center, Dewberry Hall George Mason

2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
2006 IPCC Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

...  2006 IPCC Guidelines provide methods for estimation of GHG emissions for as wide a range of gases and sources based on up-to-date knowledge available. COP to decide on reporting.  New boundary problems between Energy and IPPU? ...
PDF
PDF

... the jump. This increase is all the more striking as it occurs after a three-decade plateau, while one could have expected a steady increase over the whole period. This upward trend of additional doomists is still noticeable during the following two decades. These results clearly suggest that it beco ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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