Fundamentals of Climate Change (PCC 587): Radiation
... Volcanoes can have large climate impact ¡ Esp. if they get material into stratosphere & have sulfates Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, erupted June 1991, resulted in 0.5 C global temperature decrease Volcanic climate impacts are through dust or aerosols: Direct heating of atmosphere by volcanoes i ...
... Volcanoes can have large climate impact ¡ Esp. if they get material into stratosphere & have sulfates Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, erupted June 1991, resulted in 0.5 C global temperature decrease Volcanic climate impacts are through dust or aerosols: Direct heating of atmosphere by volcanoes i ...
Notes G1 - 1.1-1.6 Climate change Word document
... suggested that the region had been de-glaciated around 13,000 years ago. At the time, many scientists were sceptical, because they found it difficult to believe that much of Europe had been covered in several thousand metres of ice so recently. [7] Two major advances in scientific knowledge about cl ...
... suggested that the region had been de-glaciated around 13,000 years ago. At the time, many scientists were sceptical, because they found it difficult to believe that much of Europe had been covered in several thousand metres of ice so recently. [7] Two major advances in scientific knowledge about cl ...
Monte Carlo Simulation to Characterize Stormwater Runoff
... Larger agreement among GCMs for annual temperature than for annual precipitation However, seasonality and extreme events also important ...
... Larger agreement among GCMs for annual temperature than for annual precipitation However, seasonality and extreme events also important ...
PDF
... findings from the assessment suggest that doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration will lead to only a small decrease in global crop production, and developing countries are likely to bear the brunt of the problem. Dakhawa and Campbell (1998) studied the effect on crop production of ...
... findings from the assessment suggest that doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration will lead to only a small decrease in global crop production, and developing countries are likely to bear the brunt of the problem. Dakhawa and Campbell (1998) studied the effect on crop production of ...
Session 2.1 Global challenges, Working Paper on Climate Change
... extreme weather and climate events, which may be gradual or sudden. Fully recognizing the importance of this assertion for our current and future operations, an informal group, mandated by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) 1 Working Group has made progress in defining a shared understanding ...
... extreme weather and climate events, which may be gradual or sudden. Fully recognizing the importance of this assertion for our current and future operations, an informal group, mandated by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) 1 Working Group has made progress in defining a shared understanding ...
ENG - UN CC:Learn
... In terms of area under agriculture, the region has frequently been characterized as able to enter more of its land into production and, in fact, it placed an additional 31 million ha into agriculture between 2001 and 2011 (FAOSTAT 2013). For example, an overall 43% increase in cultivated land was ob ...
... In terms of area under agriculture, the region has frequently been characterized as able to enter more of its land into production and, in fact, it placed an additional 31 million ha into agriculture between 2001 and 2011 (FAOSTAT 2013). For example, an overall 43% increase in cultivated land was ob ...
Jenouvrier, S., H. Caswell, C. Barbraud, M. Holland, J. Stroeve, and
... Adélie, Antarctica and projections of SIE from General Circulation Models (GCM) of Earth’s climate included in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. We show that the increased frequency of warm events associated with projected decreases in SIE will redu ...
... Adélie, Antarctica and projections of SIE from General Circulation Models (GCM) of Earth’s climate included in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. We show that the increased frequency of warm events associated with projected decreases in SIE will redu ...
Dear President Obama and EPA Administrator McCarthy, We, the
... First, the rule sets woefully inadequate targets. Climate scientists have long warned that immediate action to dramatically cut greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to prevent a global temperature rise of more than 2 °C, a level at which serious damage will still occur, and beyond which the worst i ...
... First, the rule sets woefully inadequate targets. Climate scientists have long warned that immediate action to dramatically cut greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to prevent a global temperature rise of more than 2 °C, a level at which serious damage will still occur, and beyond which the worst i ...
Polar Voices: Relaying the Science and Story of Polar Climate Change
... access information without learning anything new such as game rules. Second, the content is free and available on demand via the Internet. In the future, the program will also be broadcast on radio stations in rural communities that lack Internet access. Because the podcast format does not exclude p ...
... access information without learning anything new such as game rules. Second, the content is free and available on demand via the Internet. In the future, the program will also be broadcast on radio stations in rural communities that lack Internet access. Because the podcast format does not exclude p ...
Global Climate Change - Florida International University
... only MDCs holding out are the US and Australia. ...
... only MDCs holding out are the US and Australia. ...
Sustainable Land Management Practices for Climate Change
... If emissions of greenhouse gases are not controlled in the coming decades, including those from agriculture, continued growth of their atmosphere concentrations is projected to result in severe climate change throughout the 21st century. Stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gase ...
... If emissions of greenhouse gases are not controlled in the coming decades, including those from agriculture, continued growth of their atmosphere concentrations is projected to result in severe climate change throughout the 21st century. Stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gase ...
Climate Change, Migration and Displacement: Who will be
... extreme weather and climate events, which may be gradual or sudden. Fully recognizing the importance of this assertion for our current and future operations, an informal group, mandated by the InterAgency Standing Committee (IASC)1 Working Group has made progress in defining a shared understanding a ...
... extreme weather and climate events, which may be gradual or sudden. Fully recognizing the importance of this assertion for our current and future operations, an informal group, mandated by the InterAgency Standing Committee (IASC)1 Working Group has made progress in defining a shared understanding a ...
Cooling Following Large Volcanic Eruptions
... April, 2004, Phil Jones asked me why the climate response (as seen in proxy reconstructions based on tree rings) was so small after the 1259 volcanic eruption, the largest of the past 2000 years. The answer may be that the climate response was larger than we had previously thought. Detailed reanalys ...
... April, 2004, Phil Jones asked me why the climate response (as seen in proxy reconstructions based on tree rings) was so small after the 1259 volcanic eruption, the largest of the past 2000 years. The answer may be that the climate response was larger than we had previously thought. Detailed reanalys ...
To cite this version:
... change on the vine and wine sector. The challenge lies in evaluating the cost of transition from one system to another through an integration of the direct and indirect effects of climate change. This adaptation, whether reactive or anticipatory, combines technical and organisational innovations wit ...
... change on the vine and wine sector. The challenge lies in evaluating the cost of transition from one system to another through an integration of the direct and indirect effects of climate change. This adaptation, whether reactive or anticipatory, combines technical and organisational innovations wit ...
Unit 12 : Earth`s Changing Climate
... have become a larger influence on Earth's climate than other natural factors. High CO2 levels (whether caused by natural phenomena or human activities) are a common factor between many past climate shifts and the warming we see today. Many aspects of climate change, such as exactly how quickly and ...
... have become a larger influence on Earth's climate than other natural factors. High CO2 levels (whether caused by natural phenomena or human activities) are a common factor between many past climate shifts and the warming we see today. Many aspects of climate change, such as exactly how quickly and ...
A Focus on Climate During the Past 100 Years
... trends, this period marks the changeover of a climate system driven by natural forcings to a climate system in which anthropogenic forcings play a major role. Second, with respect to climate variability, the past 100 years are the closest precedent to the present and future. Understanding the proces ...
... trends, this period marks the changeover of a climate system driven by natural forcings to a climate system in which anthropogenic forcings play a major role. Second, with respect to climate variability, the past 100 years are the closest precedent to the present and future. Understanding the proces ...
Coping With Extreme Precipitation and Flooding
... too small funnel or having a coffee maker injecting water too fast into the coffee-containing filter. In both cases, the water will overflow. In hydrology, this happens when the rainfall intensity exceeds the soil infiltration rate, causing the water to run off to the river (see Figure 5). When the ...
... too small funnel or having a coffee maker injecting water too fast into the coffee-containing filter. In both cases, the water will overflow. In hydrology, this happens when the rainfall intensity exceeds the soil infiltration rate, causing the water to run off to the river (see Figure 5). When the ...
Download: The Road to Copenhagen: a global deal on climate change (pdf)
... At the heart of modern politics is a certain way of thinking; what you might call the politics of ‘now’. The politics of now, at its best, is about meeting immediate needs and improving people’s lives in ways which markets alone will not do. Appeals to self-interest were at the core of many of the g ...
... At the heart of modern politics is a certain way of thinking; what you might call the politics of ‘now’. The politics of now, at its best, is about meeting immediate needs and improving people’s lives in ways which markets alone will not do. Appeals to self-interest were at the core of many of the g ...
PDF
... Martens performed a meta-analysis of eight earlier studies of the effects of small changes in temperature on cardio-vascular and respiratory mortality. These eight studies look at trends in mortality in a few areas around the world – most of them in cold climates – and report evidence of a “V-shaped ...
... Martens performed a meta-analysis of eight earlier studies of the effects of small changes in temperature on cardio-vascular and respiratory mortality. These eight studies look at trends in mortality in a few areas around the world – most of them in cold climates – and report evidence of a “V-shaped ...
Climate change means days are getting longer: Harvard University
... marshes to trap more sediment and generate more organic soil. This may elevate the threshold rate of relative sea-level rise at which marsh drowning is initiated by up to 60 percent. This natural process may also contribute to a stabilizing feedback in the climate system as increased biomass product ...
... marshes to trap more sediment and generate more organic soil. This may elevate the threshold rate of relative sea-level rise at which marsh drowning is initiated by up to 60 percent. This natural process may also contribute to a stabilizing feedback in the climate system as increased biomass product ...
the impact of industrial pollution on global warming: facts, causes
... by human activities7. The reason for increase in earth’s average surface temperature is due to the effect of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, probably the best known greenhouse gas, but methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases also play a role in driving climate change8. The emissions f ...
... by human activities7. The reason for increase in earth’s average surface temperature is due to the effect of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, probably the best known greenhouse gas, but methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases also play a role in driving climate change8. The emissions f ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).