Author`s personal copy
... reviewed ‘‘hundreds of papers . . . on a suite of topics related to human-induced climate change’’ since the drafting of AR4, and, like the NRC report, found that key changes were happening either at the same rate as, or more quickly than, anticipated (p. 5). Among their key findings were that globa ...
... reviewed ‘‘hundreds of papers . . . on a suite of topics related to human-induced climate change’’ since the drafting of AR4, and, like the NRC report, found that key changes were happening either at the same rate as, or more quickly than, anticipated (p. 5). Among their key findings were that globa ...
Dec 2 Recommendations on Oceans and Climate – long
... planning, environmental conservation, and national plans for sustainable development), mitigation (e.g., management of carbon sinks), scientific research and observing systems, and public education and outreach, and establish indicators within UNFCCC review processes to assess progress in capacity d ...
... planning, environmental conservation, and national plans for sustainable development), mitigation (e.g., management of carbon sinks), scientific research and observing systems, and public education and outreach, and establish indicators within UNFCCC review processes to assess progress in capacity d ...
Water and Climate Change
... Differences in water availability between regions will become increasingly pronounced. Areas that are already relatively dry, such as the Mediterranean basin and parts of Southern Africa and South America, are likely to experience further decreases in water availability, for example several (but not ...
... Differences in water availability between regions will become increasingly pronounced. Areas that are already relatively dry, such as the Mediterranean basin and parts of Southern Africa and South America, are likely to experience further decreases in water availability, for example several (but not ...
Climate, Grapes, and Wine: Structure and Suitability in
... more hot and record hot weather. On the other hand, increases in the temperature variance alone would result in more cold and hot weather and record conditions. However, evidence points to increases in both the mean and variance which would bring about less change for cold weather events and much mo ...
... more hot and record hot weather. On the other hand, increases in the temperature variance alone would result in more cold and hot weather and record conditions. However, evidence points to increases in both the mean and variance which would bring about less change for cold weather events and much mo ...
Feng and Oppenheimer Krueger PNAS 2012 pub
... potential thermal bleaching of coral reefs (Donner et al. 2005) and runoff changes to watersheds (Tsanis et al. 2011). Statistical modeling of crop productivity responses to past climate variations (Schlenker and Roberts 2009) has provided surprising new insights on crop temperature sensitivity and ...
... potential thermal bleaching of coral reefs (Donner et al. 2005) and runoff changes to watersheds (Tsanis et al. 2011). Statistical modeling of crop productivity responses to past climate variations (Schlenker and Roberts 2009) has provided surprising new insights on crop temperature sensitivity and ...
How is climate change affecting life on Earth?
... Image courtesy: www.globalwarmingart.com, See also: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ ...
... Image courtesy: www.globalwarmingart.com, See also: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ ...
NASA/UCAR: Effects of Climate Change: Oceans and Ice
... Image courtesy: www.globalwarmingart.com, See also: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ ...
... Image courtesy: www.globalwarmingart.com, See also: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ ...
Class Attendance and Participation
... Principle #3 Climate is regulated by complex interactions among components of the Earth system. Earth's climate is influenced by interactions involving the Sun, ocean, atmosphere, clouds, ice, land, and life. Climate varies by region as a result of local differences in these interactions. ...
... Principle #3 Climate is regulated by complex interactions among components of the Earth system. Earth's climate is influenced by interactions involving the Sun, ocean, atmosphere, clouds, ice, land, and life. Climate varies by region as a result of local differences in these interactions. ...
An Analysis of the Future Climate over the Chesapeake Bay
... gave it the task of providing reliable and non-biased information regarding climate change (IPCC, 2004). Almost twenty years after it was founded, in 2007, IPCC released the Fourth Assessment Report: “Climate Change 2007” (AR4). AR4 is an expansion upon the findings in the Third Assessment Report (T ...
... gave it the task of providing reliable and non-biased information regarding climate change (IPCC, 2004). Almost twenty years after it was founded, in 2007, IPCC released the Fourth Assessment Report: “Climate Change 2007” (AR4). AR4 is an expansion upon the findings in the Third Assessment Report (T ...
For Internet Explorer user, click here to view a Powerpoint Diaporama
... • Use O2 (or other proxy) as an imprint of convection/climate variability and change Need data mining Need to setup new JGOFS or ARGO long time surveys • Develop lab experiments to evaluate biological responses to dissolved CO2 Need diverse planktonic assemblages, but how to jump in open condi ...
... • Use O2 (or other proxy) as an imprint of convection/climate variability and change Need data mining Need to setup new JGOFS or ARGO long time surveys • Develop lab experiments to evaluate biological responses to dissolved CO2 Need diverse planktonic assemblages, but how to jump in open condi ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... in SAR to 5.35 in TAR. Thus, for instance, if CO2 concentration doubles, DFt will be 5.35 ln 2 = 3.708 W m-2. IPCC now expresses ‘‘very high confidence’’ [5] in the greenhousegas radiative forcings including that from CO2, which, applying Eq. (2) to pre-industrial and 2011 forcings of approximately ...
... in SAR to 5.35 in TAR. Thus, for instance, if CO2 concentration doubles, DFt will be 5.35 ln 2 = 3.708 W m-2. IPCC now expresses ‘‘very high confidence’’ [5] in the greenhousegas radiative forcings including that from CO2, which, applying Eq. (2) to pre-industrial and 2011 forcings of approximately ...
Nessun titolo diapositiva
... below 65 years old. Vector-borne diseases may intensify and spread with warmer and more humid conditions. • At this preliminary stage the main economic effect of the changes in health status that we consider are changes in labour productivity. In particular the change in labour productivity per year ...
... below 65 years old. Vector-borne diseases may intensify and spread with warmer and more humid conditions. • At this preliminary stage the main economic effect of the changes in health status that we consider are changes in labour productivity. In particular the change in labour productivity per year ...
PERUBAHAN IKLIM, PASAR CARBON, PARIS AGREEMENT,
... GCF and others - but not enough, need more various approaches ・Compliance requirement： - Bilateral JCM - one of the FVAs (Framework for Various Approaches) & one of the opportunities to attract more fund from ...
... GCF and others - but not enough, need more various approaches ・Compliance requirement： - Bilateral JCM - one of the FVAs (Framework for Various Approaches) & one of the opportunities to attract more fund from ...
Volcanic Impacts on Short- and Long-Term Climate
... Stratospheric Heating: After injection of volcanic aerosols, the lower stratospheric layer absorbs both near-IR from the sun and terrestrial upward IR flux, as shown in Figure 1. Thereby the stratosphere is heated. Robock (2000) names Pinatubo 1991 and El Chichón 1982 as eruptions that verifiable ca ...
... Stratospheric Heating: After injection of volcanic aerosols, the lower stratospheric layer absorbs both near-IR from the sun and terrestrial upward IR flux, as shown in Figure 1. Thereby the stratosphere is heated. Robock (2000) names Pinatubo 1991 and El Chichón 1982 as eruptions that verifiable ca ...
Call for Abstracts The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP
... Which regions are most at risk from dry/heavy rain spells Which river basins are most likely to be affected by surfeit or deficit; The risk and location of heatwaves. Decision makers need climate information pertinent to the geographical scales for which decisions are made, e.g. river basins a ...
... Which regions are most at risk from dry/heavy rain spells Which river basins are most likely to be affected by surfeit or deficit; The risk and location of heatwaves. Decision makers need climate information pertinent to the geographical scales for which decisions are made, e.g. river basins a ...
The Global Politics of Climate Change: Challenge for Political Science
... to the Framework Convention specified these rules and how they would apply to individual countries. In the intervening years, the scientific consensus on the seriousness of the climate threat has increased. The IPCC’s recent report states that “In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts ...
... to the Framework Convention specified these rules and how they would apply to individual countries. In the intervening years, the scientific consensus on the seriousness of the climate threat has increased. The IPCC’s recent report states that “In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... long-term trends, this review will not only rely on observation-based evidence but also include findings from general circulation models (GCMs). GCMs are certainly not perfect representations of the real system, but they are extremely valuable in situations where observations alone are not giving su ...
... long-term trends, this review will not only rely on observation-based evidence but also include findings from general circulation models (GCMs). GCMs are certainly not perfect representations of the real system, but they are extremely valuable in situations where observations alone are not giving su ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... there being big structural uncertainties in the science of extreme climate change. I would interpret this as heuristic evidence that an IAM might be missing something important if its results do not much depend on the treatment of these big structural uncertainties. Ice core drilling in Antarctica b ...
... there being big structural uncertainties in the science of extreme climate change. I would interpret this as heuristic evidence that an IAM might be missing something important if its results do not much depend on the treatment of these big structural uncertainties. Ice core drilling in Antarctica b ...
Infectious disease - Center for Climate Change and Health
... flooding, including sewer system up-grades and run-off prevention through the use of green infrastructure. • Support policies and programs in your community and in your health system that authentically engage and partner with community residents in addressing climate and health problems, including t ...
... flooding, including sewer system up-grades and run-off prevention through the use of green infrastructure. • Support policies and programs in your community and in your health system that authentically engage and partner with community residents in addressing climate and health problems, including t ...
Environment Sustainabilty Approach Capiel HV Part C The
... that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol(1) is an international agreement to control the emission of manmade greenhouse gases. The basket of greenhouse gases, to be monitored according to Kyoto Protocol is composed of Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydr ...
... that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol(1) is an international agreement to control the emission of manmade greenhouse gases. The basket of greenhouse gases, to be monitored according to Kyoto Protocol is composed of Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydr ...
Submission 68 - Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
... peaked in 2007-08 at $1.1 billion, when 69.2 per cent of agricultural land was EC declared16. A 2009 Productivity Commission inquiry17 found that the existing EC declarations and related drought assistance programs do not help farmers to improve their self-reliance, preparedness or climate change ma ...
... peaked in 2007-08 at $1.1 billion, when 69.2 per cent of agricultural land was EC declared16. A 2009 Productivity Commission inquiry17 found that the existing EC declarations and related drought assistance programs do not help farmers to improve their self-reliance, preparedness or climate change ma ...
order form
... Budgeting carbon cuts reprint from Planning magazine Dec 2009 on local carbon budgets, by WinACC members D Knight & R Whitmarsh Reducing South East England’s Ecological Footprint a route map. Booklet Winchester in 2010: 100 months of progress towards limiting climate change vision of the future by W ...
... Budgeting carbon cuts reprint from Planning magazine Dec 2009 on local carbon budgets, by WinACC members D Knight & R Whitmarsh Reducing South East England’s Ecological Footprint a route map. Booklet Winchester in 2010: 100 months of progress towards limiting climate change vision of the future by W ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).