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... John Bellamy Foster has drawn our attention to the “Lauderdale Paradox”, after the eighth Earl of Lauderdale. “The common sense of mankind,” Lauderdale contended, “would revolt” at any proposal to augment private riches “by creating a scarcity of any commodity generally useful and necessary to man”. ...
... John Bellamy Foster has drawn our attention to the “Lauderdale Paradox”, after the eighth Earl of Lauderdale. “The common sense of mankind,” Lauderdale contended, “would revolt” at any proposal to augment private riches “by creating a scarcity of any commodity generally useful and necessary to man”. ...
PNC_JHYOO - Pacific Neighborhood Consortium
... Decisions under uncertainty are made all the time by individuals, firms and businesses, governments, etc. What is important is to accurately characterize and communicate uncertainty (i.e. avoiding use of subjective language such as likely, unlikely, etc.) APEC Climate Center ...
... Decisions under uncertainty are made all the time by individuals, firms and businesses, governments, etc. What is important is to accurately characterize and communicate uncertainty (i.e. avoiding use of subjective language such as likely, unlikely, etc.) APEC Climate Center ...
Air Pollution and Climate
... radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
... radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
Air Pollution and Climate
... radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
... radiative forcing • increase in O3: radiative forcing • increased N deposition fertilization CO2 uptake: radiative forcing Net effect not yet clear, but significant impacts on radiative forcing expected for 2100 (IPCC TAR, 2001) ...
Making climate hot - Center for Science and Technology Policy
... resulting temperature increase would be steep over the twenty-first century but would then level off. In either case, CO2 concentrations would reach levels far higher than at present or at any time over the last 740,000 years. (See L. Augustin et al., “Eight Glacial Cycles from an Antarctic Ice Core ...
... resulting temperature increase would be steep over the twenty-first century but would then level off. In either case, CO2 concentrations would reach levels far higher than at present or at any time over the last 740,000 years. (See L. Augustin et al., “Eight Glacial Cycles from an Antarctic Ice Core ...
Attribution of the record high Central England temperature of
... ‘weather@home’ setup (Massey et al 2014) which harnesses volunteers’ computers to generate tens of thousands of simulations. Examples include analyses of heavy snowfall in the Pyrennes (Añel et al 2014) and heavy rainfall in the Danube and Elbe basins (Schaller et al 2014). The model-based component ...
... ‘weather@home’ setup (Massey et al 2014) which harnesses volunteers’ computers to generate tens of thousands of simulations. Examples include analyses of heavy snowfall in the Pyrennes (Añel et al 2014) and heavy rainfall in the Danube and Elbe basins (Schaller et al 2014). The model-based component ...
SC/2008/xxx - asian parliamentary assembly
... Recognizing the responsibility of developed countries and international institutions to special needs of Asian countries, particularly Asian developing countries, in their strive to deal with negative consequences of climate change effectively and reiterating the importance of devising a proper mech ...
... Recognizing the responsibility of developed countries and international institutions to special needs of Asian countries, particularly Asian developing countries, in their strive to deal with negative consequences of climate change effectively and reiterating the importance of devising a proper mech ...
Sample Chapter 19 (PDF, 28 Pages
... but later withdrew from the commitment. In 2007, the “Bali Road Map” set out a process for negotiating an accord to follow the Kyoto agreement. In the Bali negotiations, Canada pushed for equal responsibility for developed and developing countries alike. The success of these conferences has been mix ...
... but later withdrew from the commitment. In 2007, the “Bali Road Map” set out a process for negotiating an accord to follow the Kyoto agreement. In the Bali negotiations, Canada pushed for equal responsibility for developed and developing countries alike. The success of these conferences has been mix ...
Regional Climate Messages for West Africa
... variability in the climate system results from natural processes both internal and external to the climate system. On decadal, multi-decadal and centennial time scales, major modes of variability are found in the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans, and they can have substantial influences ...
... variability in the climate system results from natural processes both internal and external to the climate system. On decadal, multi-decadal and centennial time scales, major modes of variability are found in the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans, and they can have substantial influences ...
Sustainable Drylands Management - International Institute for
... characterized by their limited water supply, low and highly variable rainfall, and recurrent drought. Even where surface waters accumulate, these are not easily retained, as high temperatures and intense precipitation cause much to be lost to evaporation and run off, respectively. In spite of the va ...
... characterized by their limited water supply, low and highly variable rainfall, and recurrent drought. Even where surface waters accumulate, these are not easily retained, as high temperatures and intense precipitation cause much to be lost to evaporation and run off, respectively. In spite of the va ...
Climate Change and Species Extinction
... Course Syllabus: BIOL 190Q – Climate Change and Species Extinction Synopsis: This seminar will explore the scientific basis for how climate change will contribute to species extinctions in the coming century. Currently, there is a growing appreciation of the very real danger that climate change pose ...
... Course Syllabus: BIOL 190Q – Climate Change and Species Extinction Synopsis: This seminar will explore the scientific basis for how climate change will contribute to species extinctions in the coming century. Currently, there is a growing appreciation of the very real danger that climate change pose ...
National Geographic - u.arizona.edu
... that C[O.sub.2] levels at the ocean surface are rising at about the same rate as atmospheric C[O.sub.2]. But it is in the deeper levels where Bates has observed even greater change. In the waters between 250 and 450 meters (820 and 1,476 feet) deep, C[O.sub.2] levels are rising at nearly twice the ...
... that C[O.sub.2] levels at the ocean surface are rising at about the same rate as atmospheric C[O.sub.2]. But it is in the deeper levels where Bates has observed even greater change. In the waters between 250 and 450 meters (820 and 1,476 feet) deep, C[O.sub.2] levels are rising at nearly twice the ...
The geopolitics of climate change
... war period, both in terms of controlling airspace, and orbital space, but also in terms of the geophysics of the atmosphere. In Neil Smith’s (2008) terms, making space is also about making nature. Controlling this volume in a number of ways, and understanding its materiality, were important parts of ...
... war period, both in terms of controlling airspace, and orbital space, but also in terms of the geophysics of the atmosphere. In Neil Smith’s (2008) terms, making space is also about making nature. Controlling this volume in a number of ways, and understanding its materiality, were important parts of ...
Climate Change and Economic Adaptation: the View from Alaska
... of Alaskans (and pleasurable for some) • The costs of mitigation are very high. • The rational (cost-benefit) argument for climate policy will be lost on most Alaskans (as on most Americans) • Cutting greenhouse gas emissions to a level that would actually control climate change would be like underg ...
... of Alaskans (and pleasurable for some) • The costs of mitigation are very high. • The rational (cost-benefit) argument for climate policy will be lost on most Alaskans (as on most Americans) • Cutting greenhouse gas emissions to a level that would actually control climate change would be like underg ...
Introduction to mitigation assessments
... During the last century, the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and their radiative forcing have continued to rise as a result of human activities. Global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.6 °C. Global average sea level has risen and ocean heat content has increased. ...
... During the last century, the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases and their radiative forcing have continued to rise as a result of human activities. Global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.6 °C. Global average sea level has risen and ocean heat content has increased. ...
Dynamics of climate and ecosystem coupling: abrupt changes and
... socio-natural systems add yet another layer of complexity to the policy debate. As a result, the social and economic consequences of possible global changes are likely to be underestimated in most conventional analyses because these nonlinear, abrupt and irreversible responses are insufficiently con ...
... socio-natural systems add yet another layer of complexity to the policy debate. As a result, the social and economic consequences of possible global changes are likely to be underestimated in most conventional analyses because these nonlinear, abrupt and irreversible responses are insufficiently con ...
Federal Adaptation Policy Framework
... The Federal Adaptation Policy Framework guides domestic action by the Government of Canada to address adaptation to the impacts of climate variability and change. It sets out a vision of adaptation in Canada, objectives, roles of the federal government, and provides criteria for setting priorities f ...
... The Federal Adaptation Policy Framework guides domestic action by the Government of Canada to address adaptation to the impacts of climate variability and change. It sets out a vision of adaptation in Canada, objectives, roles of the federal government, and provides criteria for setting priorities f ...
Climate response to dust
... We know that dust responds to climate on regional to global on short to long time scales by a factor of 4 to 100. Dust is often used a proxy for climate change in the paleo record. How does this change in dust impact climate? ...
... We know that dust responds to climate on regional to global on short to long time scales by a factor of 4 to 100. Dust is often used a proxy for climate change in the paleo record. How does this change in dust impact climate? ...
presentation - Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative
... communities (e.g., training modules, vulnerability assessment protocols) – HC helps enable public health professionals to detect, assess, and respond to climate change-related health threats ...
... communities (e.g., training modules, vulnerability assessment protocols) – HC helps enable public health professionals to detect, assess, and respond to climate change-related health threats ...
Responses to Survey of the private sector
... Commercial risks are also difficult to generalize as they are dependent and specific to management teams and counterparties. However, they can partially be mitigated and managed through appropriate assessments and structuring of the investment. (b) Access: Is there a lack of long-term or other ...
... Commercial risks are also difficult to generalize as they are dependent and specific to management teams and counterparties. However, they can partially be mitigated and managed through appropriate assessments and structuring of the investment. (b) Access: Is there a lack of long-term or other ...
emerging issues in international and transnational law related to
... the June 2015 meeting in Bonn to help dissipate the logjam between developed and developing states (and NGOs) regarding inclusion of loss and damage in the Paris text. The aim would be to deepen research into climate change risk assessment, study how existing legal recourse, dispute settlement and a ...
... the June 2015 meeting in Bonn to help dissipate the logjam between developed and developing states (and NGOs) regarding inclusion of loss and damage in the Paris text. The aim would be to deepen research into climate change risk assessment, study how existing legal recourse, dispute settlement and a ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... Convention. Due to the financial limitations institutions then work mainly focussed on financial constraints only identifying the importance of technological needs assessment due to data unavailability being a major issue. The results were presented at a workshop and the results of the discussions w ...
... Convention. Due to the financial limitations institutions then work mainly focussed on financial constraints only identifying the importance of technological needs assessment due to data unavailability being a major issue. The results were presented at a workshop and the results of the discussions w ...
Climate Change
... unprecedented floods, and vanishing coastal areas. Nonetheless, it does not make sense to look at global warming only as a risk … it also presents an opportunity for private sector firms and government to find cost-effective ways to mitigate the damage likely to be caused by climate change. There is ...
... unprecedented floods, and vanishing coastal areas. Nonetheless, it does not make sense to look at global warming only as a risk … it also presents an opportunity for private sector firms and government to find cost-effective ways to mitigate the damage likely to be caused by climate change. There is ...
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org
... • Absorption and emission of infrared radiation • Plant and animal life • Impacts H2O, CO2 and CH4 • Storage of moisture in soil • CO2 and CH4 in permafrost ...
... • Absorption and emission of infrared radiation • Plant and animal life • Impacts H2O, CO2 and CH4 • Storage of moisture in soil • CO2 and CH4 in permafrost ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).