Lead time = 3
... ENSO - large single signal Other tropical ocean SST - difficult Remote tropical atmospheric teleconnections Climate change - largest for temperature Local land surface conditions - soil moisture, snow Atmospheric composition - difficult Volcanic eruptions - important for large events Mid-latitude oc ...
... ENSO - large single signal Other tropical ocean SST - difficult Remote tropical atmospheric teleconnections Climate change - largest for temperature Local land surface conditions - soil moisture, snow Atmospheric composition - difficult Volcanic eruptions - important for large events Mid-latitude oc ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ...
... Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ...
Coping with climate variability and climate change in La Ceiba
... the increase in extreme precipitation is larger than projected increases in average precipitation, which is 1 to 2% per °C (Trenberth et al. 2003). To estimate changes in extreme precipitation, we multiplied estimated increases in average monthly temperatures by 7%. We assume this increase of 7% per ...
... the increase in extreme precipitation is larger than projected increases in average precipitation, which is 1 to 2% per °C (Trenberth et al. 2003). To estimate changes in extreme precipitation, we multiplied estimated increases in average monthly temperatures by 7%. We assume this increase of 7% per ...
Devil physics The baddest class on campus IB Physics Physics I
... 2.13) show that concentrations of carbon monoxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere have shown a dramatic increase This corresponds to the temperature increases shown in the previous slide This data is supported by analysis of ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland that show a corre ...
... 2.13) show that concentrations of carbon monoxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere have shown a dramatic increase This corresponds to the temperature increases shown in the previous slide This data is supported by analysis of ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland that show a corre ...
Public Perception of Climate Risk: The Case of Greece
... Public perception to climate risk could also be associated with peoples’ willingness to act. Bord et al. [36] point out that based on their analysis a limited willingness to sacrifice to better deal with climate change impact is noted. Even though people are willing to support climate change mitigat ...
... Public perception to climate risk could also be associated with peoples’ willingness to act. Bord et al. [36] point out that based on their analysis a limited willingness to sacrifice to better deal with climate change impact is noted. Even though people are willing to support climate change mitigat ...
PDF
... emissions, the extent and pattern of warming, and other possible aspects of climate change such as sea level rise and changes in rainfall and storminess” (p. 30-31). Dell et al. (2012) summarizes the economics literature on climate change, noting the analysis typically examines the relationship betw ...
... emissions, the extent and pattern of warming, and other possible aspects of climate change such as sea level rise and changes in rainfall and storminess” (p. 30-31). Dell et al. (2012) summarizes the economics literature on climate change, noting the analysis typically examines the relationship betw ...
Fewer rainy days and more extreme rainfall by the end of the century
... simulations (for models HadES and HadAO) to more than 37 mm (according to BCC). For comparison purposes, these values are close to 20 mm in the Twentieth Century Reanalyses13 (Supp lementary Figure 2). he amplitude of the changes simulated by the end of the century, and their sensitivity to greenhou ...
... simulations (for models HadES and HadAO) to more than 37 mm (according to BCC). For comparison purposes, these values are close to 20 mm in the Twentieth Century Reanalyses13 (Supp lementary Figure 2). he amplitude of the changes simulated by the end of the century, and their sensitivity to greenhou ...
reproduction and development in wildlife Impacts of climate change
... Each of these many individual environmental variables comes with its own confounding levels of complexity. This is well illustrated by extending the discussion above about the release of pollutants into the environment. Specific and detailed information is available about the physical, chemical and ...
... Each of these many individual environmental variables comes with its own confounding levels of complexity. This is well illustrated by extending the discussion above about the release of pollutants into the environment. Specific and detailed information is available about the physical, chemical and ...
Earth in Yellow Flower
... Services Corp., DTE Energy Comp., Duke Energy Corp., Dynegy Holdings, Inc., Edison International, MidAmerican Energy Holdings ...
... Services Corp., DTE Energy Comp., Duke Energy Corp., Dynegy Holdings, Inc., Edison International, MidAmerican Energy Holdings ...
Climate Change and its Implications for the Nile Region
... mitigation’ is concerned with actions to reduce human-related forcing factors of global warming, such as reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases. While aspects of climate-change mitigation will be discussed here, this chapter is mostly concerned with climate-change adaptation. ...
... mitigation’ is concerned with actions to reduce human-related forcing factors of global warming, such as reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases. While aspects of climate-change mitigation will be discussed here, this chapter is mostly concerned with climate-change adaptation. ...
Submission 17 - Gold Coast City Council
... the precautionary principle is just one of a number of factors for a decision maker to take into account. There is also a requirement under the common law for conditions of development to be relevant and reasonable, being reflected in the Sustainable Planning Act 2009. There is Queensland authority ...
... the precautionary principle is just one of a number of factors for a decision maker to take into account. There is also a requirement under the common law for conditions of development to be relevant and reasonable, being reflected in the Sustainable Planning Act 2009. There is Queensland authority ...
A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Kickapoo Tribe
... Any local vulnerability assessment necessarily incorporates a lot of uncertainty because climate change projections become less reliable at smaller scales. What we do know, however, is that the climate is changing, mostly due to human activity, and will contin ...
... Any local vulnerability assessment necessarily incorporates a lot of uncertainty because climate change projections become less reliable at smaller scales. What we do know, however, is that the climate is changing, mostly due to human activity, and will contin ...
Fishbytes May09 - 1 Project Summaries
... 18- Climate Change Adaptation in the Lower Mekong Basin [Concept], B Ratner, 6.0M More than 56 million people from four Southeast Asian countries inhabit the Lower Mekong Basin and are primarily dependent on its natural resources, including an annual fish catch of more than 2.6 million tons. Climate ...
... 18- Climate Change Adaptation in the Lower Mekong Basin [Concept], B Ratner, 6.0M More than 56 million people from four Southeast Asian countries inhabit the Lower Mekong Basin and are primarily dependent on its natural resources, including an annual fish catch of more than 2.6 million tons. Climate ...
19. Atmosphere and climate change
... Rapid economic growth and changing production pattern in the region are causing heightened levels of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Emissions scenarios leading to greenhouse gases (GHG) concentrations in 2100 of about 450 ppm CO2 equivalent or lower are likely to maintain global warming ...
... Rapid economic growth and changing production pattern in the region are causing heightened levels of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Emissions scenarios leading to greenhouse gases (GHG) concentrations in 2100 of about 450 ppm CO2 equivalent or lower are likely to maintain global warming ...
Climate Change and International Relations Theory: Northeast Asia as a Case Study
... theory. A general assumption holds that the anarchic international system of competing sovereign states who are unitary, rational actors. This view, however, disregards the fact that the anarchic system of sovereign states is itself housed within the wider structure of the Earth’s biosphere. How the ...
... theory. A general assumption holds that the anarchic international system of competing sovereign states who are unitary, rational actors. This view, however, disregards the fact that the anarchic system of sovereign states is itself housed within the wider structure of the Earth’s biosphere. How the ...
Climate risks and their impact on agriculture and forests in Switzerland
... 2001), and an ‘extreme’ refers to the tail ends of a probability density function, for instance an event that occurs below the 10% or above the 90% quantile, or (2) the intensity of an event, which is described through the exceedance of a quantity measured per unit of time and/or area beyond some th ...
... 2001), and an ‘extreme’ refers to the tail ends of a probability density function, for instance an event that occurs below the 10% or above the 90% quantile, or (2) the intensity of an event, which is described through the exceedance of a quantity measured per unit of time and/or area beyond some th ...
Environmental Threats to Louisiana`s Future
... In addition to assessing the probability of climate change impacts, including the incidence of acute weather events, understanding risk requires an assessment of the severity of potential losses. The coast of Louisiana has a great deal at risk because it is so economically vital to the state and the ...
... In addition to assessing the probability of climate change impacts, including the incidence of acute weather events, understanding risk requires an assessment of the severity of potential losses. The coast of Louisiana has a great deal at risk because it is so economically vital to the state and the ...
The Stability of the Thermohaline Circulation in Global Warming
... Greenhouse gases (H 2O, CO 2 , CH 4 , and others) have the property to absorb infrared radiation and to reemit it isotropically. For light with shorter wavelengths, like ultraviolet or visible radiation, they are transparent. The earth’s surface and the relatively warm near-surface air masses emit l ...
... Greenhouse gases (H 2O, CO 2 , CH 4 , and others) have the property to absorb infrared radiation and to reemit it isotropically. For light with shorter wavelengths, like ultraviolet or visible radiation, they are transparent. The earth’s surface and the relatively warm near-surface air masses emit l ...
samara Climate change
... understanding of the impacts of climate change is improving. Current models suggest that we need to prepare for a world with a global average temperature rise of 2-4 OC (representing a rise of up to 10 OC in some areas). It is now also thought that every 1 OC rise in temperature could mean a loss of ...
... understanding of the impacts of climate change is improving. Current models suggest that we need to prepare for a world with a global average temperature rise of 2-4 OC (representing a rise of up to 10 OC in some areas). It is now also thought that every 1 OC rise in temperature could mean a loss of ...
From Words to Facts: Acting on climate change
... are also part of the most affected countries8 -n Nicaragua, country in th place of exposition to climate risks, more than 8 of the poor live in rural and remote communities -n El Salvador, 8 of the disasters that occurred bet[een and [ere hydro-meteorological events -n , ...
... are also part of the most affected countries8 -n Nicaragua, country in th place of exposition to climate risks, more than 8 of the poor live in rural and remote communities -n El Salvador, 8 of the disasters that occurred bet[een and [ere hydro-meteorological events -n , ...
the impact of weather and climate risks on cereal crops productivity
... change, resulting predominantly from: average temperature increase, significant variability in rainfall regime, increasing of CO2 atmospheric concentrations, the variability of extreme events associated with climate change. Increasing average, maximum and minimum temperatures are expected for countr ...
... change, resulting predominantly from: average temperature increase, significant variability in rainfall regime, increasing of CO2 atmospheric concentrations, the variability of extreme events associated with climate change. Increasing average, maximum and minimum temperatures are expected for countr ...
Climate research Africa - Deutsches Klima Konsortium
... The African monsoon is directly coupled with the ocean circulation and its evaporation fluxes. These are strongly influenced by the surface temperature of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the temperature gradient between the Central and Northern Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, the (anthropogenic) aerosol ...
... The African monsoon is directly coupled with the ocean circulation and its evaporation fluxes. These are strongly influenced by the surface temperature of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the temperature gradient between the Central and Northern Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, the (anthropogenic) aerosol ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).