how will new zealand`s forests respond to climate
... In the study by Leathwick & Mitchell (1992) temperature was shown to be the dominant climate factor determining pattern but other climate variables, e.g., solar radiation and rainfall, were also important for most species, as were interactions between the variables. The highly variable nature of the ...
... In the study by Leathwick & Mitchell (1992) temperature was shown to be the dominant climate factor determining pattern but other climate variables, e.g., solar radiation and rainfall, were also important for most species, as were interactions between the variables. The highly variable nature of the ...
Integrating Dendrochronology, Climate and Satellite Remote
... of years plant communities are highly responsive to changes in global climate, but the rapidity of the current change may exceed species’ ability to shift in the same manner as they have in the past [2,3]. In North America during the Holocene, global temperature increases [4] led to well documented ...
... of years plant communities are highly responsive to changes in global climate, but the rapidity of the current change may exceed species’ ability to shift in the same manner as they have in the past [2,3]. In North America during the Holocene, global temperature increases [4] led to well documented ...
Biogeophysical Effects of Sea Level Rise
... (currently, the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group, January 2001). The vertical change predicted by the current model between the years of 2000 and 2100 is 0.38 m. A multiplier of 100, based on the Bruun Rule shall be used and gives a value for 38 m for sandy shores. For other shore t ...
... (currently, the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group, January 2001). The vertical change predicted by the current model between the years of 2000 and 2100 is 0.38 m. A multiplier of 100, based on the Bruun Rule shall be used and gives a value for 38 m for sandy shores. For other shore t ...
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action
... ‘‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time periods.’’ This narrow definition stands in stark contrast to the broader definition us ...
... ‘‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time periods.’’ This narrow definition stands in stark contrast to the broader definition us ...
comment_response_final_061109
... also indicate overwhelming support for the view that anthropogenic climate change is real and significant9. Much of the contrarian viewpoint (such as what is expressed in the 2009 Minority Report of the U.S. Senate and Public Works Committee and the NY Times article about Freeman Dyson) emerges in o ...
... also indicate overwhelming support for the view that anthropogenic climate change is real and significant9. Much of the contrarian viewpoint (such as what is expressed in the 2009 Minority Report of the U.S. Senate and Public Works Committee and the NY Times article about Freeman Dyson) emerges in o ...
Thermal bioclimate analysis for Europe and Italy
... The analysis of the thermal indicators on humans, when applied to the present climate conditions and to climate change may deliver information which can assist decision making on various levels, including health, tourism and regional planning. Changes in the overall bioclimatic conditions for humans ...
... The analysis of the thermal indicators on humans, when applied to the present climate conditions and to climate change may deliver information which can assist decision making on various levels, including health, tourism and regional planning. Changes in the overall bioclimatic conditions for humans ...
Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and
... for examples of underlying tipping point mechanisms). Socioeconomic regime shifts are related to the vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and transformative capabilities of societies in the face of local and global pressures (table 2; Scheffer 2009, Leadley et al. 2010). Biophysical regime shifts ...
... for examples of underlying tipping point mechanisms). Socioeconomic regime shifts are related to the vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities, and transformative capabilities of societies in the face of local and global pressures (table 2; Scheffer 2009, Leadley et al. 2010). Biophysical regime shifts ...
Climate Change, Water and the Policy
... 1998 is possibly the milestone when there was a shift from public skepticism about the very existence of climate change to the conviction that it is the most significant global issue. This is the year when Mann et al (1998) declared in their well known article in the “Nature” journal that “the 1990s ...
... 1998 is possibly the milestone when there was a shift from public skepticism about the very existence of climate change to the conviction that it is the most significant global issue. This is the year when Mann et al (1998) declared in their well known article in the “Nature” journal that “the 1990s ...
International Tundra Experiment ITEX
... because of long-term carbon storage in recalcitrant moss tissue and high reflectivity when covered with snow. Climate change may alter these functions, by affecting the composition and functioning of tundra plant and soil communities. Analyses of previous research have shown that warming effects on ...
... because of long-term carbon storage in recalcitrant moss tissue and high reflectivity when covered with snow. Climate change may alter these functions, by affecting the composition and functioning of tundra plant and soil communities. Analyses of previous research have shown that warming effects on ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... rising human demand from growing populations and economic activity. Estimates of freshwater availability and the impacts of climate change in Mexico and South America over the next quarter of a century indicate that by 2025 about 70 per cent of the population will live in regions with low water supp ...
... rising human demand from growing populations and economic activity. Estimates of freshwater availability and the impacts of climate change in Mexico and South America over the next quarter of a century indicate that by 2025 about 70 per cent of the population will live in regions with low water supp ...
Climate Change and the Historic Environment
... During 2007 the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007a to d) published its Fourth Assessment Report. IPPC Working Group I, charged with examining the physical science basis for climate change, concluded that global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxi ...
... During 2007 the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007a to d) published its Fourth Assessment Report. IPPC Working Group I, charged with examining the physical science basis for climate change, concluded that global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxi ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... rising human demand from growing populations and economic activity. Estimates of freshwater availability and the impacts of climate change in Mexico and South America over the next quarter of a century indicate that by 2025 about 70 per cent of the population will live in regions with low water supp ...
... rising human demand from growing populations and economic activity. Estimates of freshwater availability and the impacts of climate change in Mexico and South America over the next quarter of a century indicate that by 2025 about 70 per cent of the population will live in regions with low water supp ...
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change among Crop Mohammed, D
... Ozor and Cynthia (2010) indicated that temperature is rising and rainfall frequency and intensity is fluctuating. In Nigeria, analysis of long- term meteorological data (temperature, rainfall, dust haze) show discernable evidence of climate change (NIMET, 2008 cited in WEP, 2011). Anuforom (2010); O ...
... Ozor and Cynthia (2010) indicated that temperature is rising and rainfall frequency and intensity is fluctuating. In Nigeria, analysis of long- term meteorological data (temperature, rainfall, dust haze) show discernable evidence of climate change (NIMET, 2008 cited in WEP, 2011). Anuforom (2010); O ...
Climate change effects on human health
... quantify any additional mortality risk due to the more extreme temperatures occurring during a heat-wave and also due to any cumulative effects of exposure over successive hot days. This is potentially important as more frequent, more intense and longer lasting heat-waves are expected to occur in fu ...
... quantify any additional mortality risk due to the more extreme temperatures occurring during a heat-wave and also due to any cumulative effects of exposure over successive hot days. This is potentially important as more frequent, more intense and longer lasting heat-waves are expected to occur in fu ...
Climate change tendencies observable in the rainfall
... Climatological models have been analysed for their importance for urban drainage applications by several authors (e.g. Madsen et al., 2009 ; Beecham / Onof, 2006). Past observable trends have been subject to investigations in different European Countries, e.g. UK (Jenkins et al., 2009), Denmark (Mad ...
... Climatological models have been analysed for their importance for urban drainage applications by several authors (e.g. Madsen et al., 2009 ; Beecham / Onof, 2006). Past observable trends have been subject to investigations in different European Countries, e.g. UK (Jenkins et al., 2009), Denmark (Mad ...
Report
... during the industrialization of the past 150 years (Houghton 2009), over half of which occurred after 1965 (Karl and Trenberth 2003). While carbon dioxide has caused approximately 72% of the enhanced greenhouse effect (Houghton 2009), other greenhouse gases are recognized as important contributors, ...
... during the industrialization of the past 150 years (Houghton 2009), over half of which occurred after 1965 (Karl and Trenberth 2003). While carbon dioxide has caused approximately 72% of the enhanced greenhouse effect (Houghton 2009), other greenhouse gases are recognized as important contributors, ...
Industrialization Emission - Scientific Research Publishing
... also be related to the phytoplankton growth cycle. When phytoplankton is in its normal growth phase, the relative rate of evaporation of coastal seawater and precipitation will increase. When a phytoplankton outbreak starts to die off, decomposition of the phytoplankton and other dead marine organis ...
... also be related to the phytoplankton growth cycle. When phytoplankton is in its normal growth phase, the relative rate of evaporation of coastal seawater and precipitation will increase. When a phytoplankton outbreak starts to die off, decomposition of the phytoplankton and other dead marine organis ...
the european investment bank
... 3 steps are required to count project activities as adaptation: Setting out the climate vulnerability context of the project. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity M ...
... 3 steps are required to count project activities as adaptation: Setting out the climate vulnerability context of the project. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity M ...
Modelling the impact of future changes in climate, CO2
... LUCF in the early part of the 21st century, whereafter it returns to near zero, as in the A1F scenario. In both these scenarios, the decline in cropland area (Fig. 2) contributes strongly to the high NEP, as abandoned cropland is converted back to the natural state where regrowth of woody vegetation ...
... LUCF in the early part of the 21st century, whereafter it returns to near zero, as in the A1F scenario. In both these scenarios, the decline in cropland area (Fig. 2) contributes strongly to the high NEP, as abandoned cropland is converted back to the natural state where regrowth of woody vegetation ...
Can cosmic rays affect cloud condensation nuclei by altering new
... cosmic-ray change would have caused a significant positive (warming) radiative forcing of 1 – 2 W m2 during the 20th century (for present-day aerosol conditions, similar to the observed solar cycle correlations). Such a connection would strengthen the relationship between solar variability and glob ...
... cosmic-ray change would have caused a significant positive (warming) radiative forcing of 1 – 2 W m2 during the 20th century (for present-day aerosol conditions, similar to the observed solar cycle correlations). Such a connection would strengthen the relationship between solar variability and glob ...
Rapid climate change and no-analog vegetation in lowland Central
... sediment lithology indicated reduced lake levels during Greenland stadials and high lake levels during Greenland interstadials. These findings were consistent with southerly migration of the ITCZ during times of enhanced meltwater discharge from the Laurentide ice mass and sea ice cover in the North ...
... sediment lithology indicated reduced lake levels during Greenland stadials and high lake levels during Greenland interstadials. These findings were consistent with southerly migration of the ITCZ during times of enhanced meltwater discharge from the Laurentide ice mass and sea ice cover in the North ...
Gender and Climate Change
... ◦ United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) ◦ United Nations Convention on Combating Desertification ...
... ◦ United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) ◦ United Nations Convention on Combating Desertification ...
Climate Change: Issues and Events
... Is 90 million USD a lot of money? Yes and no! Yes- taking into account where we were three years ago and where we are today. No- if one was to take into account the kind of challenges that climate change poses in our region and resources needed. In the long-term, the programme aims at enhancing sust ...
... Is 90 million USD a lot of money? Yes and no! Yes- taking into account where we were three years ago and where we are today. No- if one was to take into account the kind of challenges that climate change poses in our region and resources needed. In the long-term, the programme aims at enhancing sust ...
Climate Resilient Planning : A Tool for Long
... Despite enormous challenges, Nepal has done fairly well in certain areas of development. The GDP increased from USD 180 in the early 1980s to USD 472 in 2009 and the population below the poverty line has dropped to 25.4%. The infant mortality rate has fallen to less than 41/1000 and 80% have access ...
... Despite enormous challenges, Nepal has done fairly well in certain areas of development. The GDP increased from USD 180 in the early 1980s to USD 472 in 2009 and the population below the poverty line has dropped to 25.4%. The infant mortality rate has fallen to less than 41/1000 and 80% have access ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).