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... Farmer welfare may be represented by the change in land values (Mendelsohn, Nordhaus and Shaw 1994). It is common to assume that agricultural land-values are equivalent to the net present discounted value of the stream of maximized profits from agricultural production. In this sense, the framework p ...
... Farmer welfare may be represented by the change in land values (Mendelsohn, Nordhaus and Shaw 1994). It is common to assume that agricultural land-values are equivalent to the net present discounted value of the stream of maximized profits from agricultural production. In this sense, the framework p ...
Influences of Ozone Layer Depletion ande Climate Change on UV
... and interactions with atmospheric chemistry Drivers used in the models for this: - doubling of CO2 - 50% increase in emissions of plant compounds ...
... and interactions with atmospheric chemistry Drivers used in the models for this: - doubling of CO2 - 50% increase in emissions of plant compounds ...
Event - IUCN
... This discussion forum brings together the latest insights from researchers and decision makers who operate at multiple scales, from global to local to address the range of challenges facing a country. ...
... This discussion forum brings together the latest insights from researchers and decision makers who operate at multiple scales, from global to local to address the range of challenges facing a country. ...
Climate Change Projections over India by a
... Gregory, 1997). The detailed description of PRECIS model components, such as its dynamical flow, the atmospheric sulphur cycle, clouds and precipitation, radiative processes, boundary conditions, initial conditions at the limits of the model domain, have been described in detail by Jones et al. (200 ...
... Gregory, 1997). The detailed description of PRECIS model components, such as its dynamical flow, the atmospheric sulphur cycle, clouds and precipitation, radiative processes, boundary conditions, initial conditions at the limits of the model domain, have been described in detail by Jones et al. (200 ...
The Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research
... (i) primary objective: to encourage the development of crossdiscipline research within SCAR, to develop concrete actions that will lead to a closer working relationship between SCAR's SRPs and the SSGs, including ways to make these interaction work better – such as joint sponsorship of workshops, sc ...
... (i) primary objective: to encourage the development of crossdiscipline research within SCAR, to develop concrete actions that will lead to a closer working relationship between SCAR's SRPs and the SSGs, including ways to make these interaction work better – such as joint sponsorship of workshops, sc ...
variations - US CLIVAR
... Thus, the hiatus is symptomatic of the much broader and very compelling problem of decadal timescale variability of the climate system. Recent research has shown that decadal variability in the Pacific associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) plays a major role in driving naturally ...
... Thus, the hiatus is symptomatic of the much broader and very compelling problem of decadal timescale variability of the climate system. Recent research has shown that decadal variability in the Pacific associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) plays a major role in driving naturally ...
Summer 2015
... Thus, the hiatus is symptomatic of the much broader and very compelling problem of decadal timescale variability of the climate system. Recent research has shown that decadal variability in the Pacific associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) plays a major role in driving naturally ...
... Thus, the hiatus is symptomatic of the much broader and very compelling problem of decadal timescale variability of the climate system. Recent research has shown that decadal variability in the Pacific associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) plays a major role in driving naturally ...
Expected changes in future temperature extremes
... screened through a correlation analysis with daily maximum (minimum) temperature at each of the 13 stations. Furthermore, experiences and recommendations from similar studies in China and neighboring regions were also taken into account (Anandhi et al., 2009; Chu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012). Si ...
... screened through a correlation analysis with daily maximum (minimum) temperature at each of the 13 stations. Furthermore, experiences and recommendations from similar studies in China and neighboring regions were also taken into account (Anandhi et al., 2009; Chu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012). Si ...
The integrated Earth system model version 1
... tools for examining the physical, chemical, and biogeochemical impacts of human-induced changes to the climate system. The iESM project integrates the economic and humandimension modeling of an IAM and a fully coupled ESM within a single simulation system while maintaining the separability of each m ...
... tools for examining the physical, chemical, and biogeochemical impacts of human-induced changes to the climate system. The iESM project integrates the economic and humandimension modeling of an IAM and a fully coupled ESM within a single simulation system while maintaining the separability of each m ...
Domestic dynamics and international influence
... innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and has five inter-linked research programmes: 1. Developing climate science and economics 2. Climate change governance for a new global deal 3. Adaptation to climate change and human development 4. Go ...
... innovative, rigorous research. The Centre is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and has five inter-linked research programmes: 1. Developing climate science and economics 2. Climate change governance for a new global deal 3. Adaptation to climate change and human development 4. Go ...
Print Version
... time scale. Seasonal prediction covers the next month to a year into the future and presents the information in terms of monthly or seasonal means. Decadal predictions, which are currently experimental, are being run 10 years into the future, and the information is being viewed mostly as annual to ...
... time scale. Seasonal prediction covers the next month to a year into the future and presents the information in terms of monthly or seasonal means. Decadal predictions, which are currently experimental, are being run 10 years into the future, and the information is being viewed mostly as annual to ...
Retreat of Himalayan Glaciers – Indicator of Climate Change
... climate represents a particularly sensitive approach. On the global scale, air temperature is considered to be the most important factor reflecting glacier retreat, but this has not been demonstrated for tropical glaciers. Mass balance studies of glaciers indicate that the contributions of all mount ...
... climate represents a particularly sensitive approach. On the global scale, air temperature is considered to be the most important factor reflecting glacier retreat, but this has not been demonstrated for tropical glaciers. Mass balance studies of glaciers indicate that the contributions of all mount ...
Climate Justice in Rural Southeastern United States: A Review of
... The racial and ethnic make-up of the region’s inhabitants is variable throughout the Southeastern U.S., with overall higher percentages of Caucasians, followed by African Americans and then Latinos/Hispanics. Caucasians comprise anywhere from 53% (Georgia) to 92% (West Virginia) of the population in ...
... The racial and ethnic make-up of the region’s inhabitants is variable throughout the Southeastern U.S., with overall higher percentages of Caucasians, followed by African Americans and then Latinos/Hispanics. Caucasians comprise anywhere from 53% (Georgia) to 92% (West Virginia) of the population in ...
Global warming in the public sphere
... marine environments. Given this basic set of scientific facts about global warming available by the 1960s, the issue of global warming could have emerged at least on the western social and political agenda much earlier than it did. At this time, media attention had also begun to include coverage of g ...
... marine environments. Given this basic set of scientific facts about global warming available by the 1960s, the issue of global warming could have emerged at least on the western social and political agenda much earlier than it did. At this time, media attention had also begun to include coverage of g ...
Vulnerability of land cover and land use due to progress of
... forest cover may cause somewhat higher summer and winter temperatures. Thus, forests may have both direct and indirect contributions to natural and anthropogenic climate forcing (land use change, forest destruction or forestation). The impact of energy balance on climate due to past land use changes ...
... forest cover may cause somewhat higher summer and winter temperatures. Thus, forests may have both direct and indirect contributions to natural and anthropogenic climate forcing (land use change, forest destruction or forestation). The impact of energy balance on climate due to past land use changes ...
Vulnerability to climate change and sea
... We calculated a SED threshold (SEDt ) for the hotspot to statistically determine the limit above which the climate was no longer considered analogous to current conditions (namely climate loss), by comparing the distribution of SED values between the hotspot and the rest of the world for the current ...
... We calculated a SED threshold (SEDt ) for the hotspot to statistically determine the limit above which the climate was no longer considered analogous to current conditions (namely climate loss), by comparing the distribution of SED values between the hotspot and the rest of the world for the current ...
Potential effects of climate change and adaptive
... to cope with, the adverse effects of climatic change. In a world where climate change and other stressors are affecting natural and social systems, resource managers are working to integrate climate models (top-down projections of possible future climates) with vulnerability analyses (bottom-up asse ...
... to cope with, the adverse effects of climatic change. In a world where climate change and other stressors are affecting natural and social systems, resource managers are working to integrate climate models (top-down projections of possible future climates) with vulnerability analyses (bottom-up asse ...
Robust Land–Ocean Contrasts in Energy and Water Cycle Feedbacks
... robust model feedbacks, are those dealing with water vapor; and under the assumption of constant relative humidity (RH) (Wetherald and Manabe 1988; Cess et al. 1990), the feedback roughly doubles the warming response (Randall et al. 2007; Murphy et al. 2009). Yet, the water vapor feedback is also li ...
... robust model feedbacks, are those dealing with water vapor; and under the assumption of constant relative humidity (RH) (Wetherald and Manabe 1988; Cess et al. 1990), the feedback roughly doubles the warming response (Randall et al. 2007; Murphy et al. 2009). Yet, the water vapor feedback is also li ...
The impact of high-end climate change on agricultural welfare
... MAgPIE is well suited to translate biophysical into economic impacts because crop yield patterns and water availability that are directly affected by climate change enter the economic model as spatially explicit biophysical constraints. The surplus concepts are standard analytical tools in welfare e ...
... MAgPIE is well suited to translate biophysical into economic impacts because crop yield patterns and water availability that are directly affected by climate change enter the economic model as spatially explicit biophysical constraints. The surplus concepts are standard analytical tools in welfare e ...
Climate Change Vulnerabilities: Case Studies of the Maldives and
... the less they rely on economic or social forms of capital, the more at risk they are from climate change” (Barnett 2007, 641). Therefore, it would seem that climate effects have a cyclical nature; damaging, increasing vulnerability, and then exploiting said vulnerability and damaging yet more thoro ...
... the less they rely on economic or social forms of capital, the more at risk they are from climate change” (Barnett 2007, 641). Therefore, it would seem that climate effects have a cyclical nature; damaging, increasing vulnerability, and then exploiting said vulnerability and damaging yet more thoro ...
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
The Optical Imaging Instruments and Their Applications
... been extended beyond SST retrieval, as its high-quality image data are being used in an increasingly wide range of different EO applications. Table 3 summarises the main MERIS and AATSR products and their respective applications. Oceans SST and climate research The Earth’s climate is subject to a gr ...
... been extended beyond SST retrieval, as its high-quality image data are being used in an increasingly wide range of different EO applications. Table 3 summarises the main MERIS and AATSR products and their respective applications. Oceans SST and climate research The Earth’s climate is subject to a gr ...
Land consolidation and its effect on climate
... increased during the past decades the benefits arising from the increase in size have not been realized due to the continually growing fragmentation. The structural development of farm economy has increased the need to re-arrange land parcels in Finland. This has meant that land consolidation projec ...
... increased during the past decades the benefits arising from the increase in size have not been realized due to the continually growing fragmentation. The structural development of farm economy has increased the need to re-arrange land parcels in Finland. This has meant that land consolidation projec ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).