PDF
... other players honor by increasing their own contribution. Glöckner et al. (2011) investigates the role of sacrifice in leadership and thus distinguish between the “ı̀nput” given by the leader and the “output” received by the other players. A sacrifice is a contribution which is not profitable if it ...
... other players honor by increasing their own contribution. Glöckner et al. (2011) investigates the role of sacrifice in leadership and thus distinguish between the “ı̀nput” given by the leader and the “output” received by the other players. A sacrifice is a contribution which is not profitable if it ...
Climate Change in the American Mind: Americans` Global Warming
... Americans’ belief in the reality of global warming has increased by 13 percentage points over the past two and a half years, from 57 percent in January 2010 to 70 percent in September 2012. At the same time, the number of Americans who say global warming is not happening has declined nearly by half, ...
... Americans’ belief in the reality of global warming has increased by 13 percentage points over the past two and a half years, from 57 percent in January 2010 to 70 percent in September 2012. At the same time, the number of Americans who say global warming is not happening has declined nearly by half, ...
Bringin Adaptation to Ground in British Columbia
... et al. 2001; Walther et al. 2002). Interactions between these effects can create even more complexities. Increased evaporation from higher temperatures and reduced summer precipitation might result in more frequent and prolonged growing season soil moisture deficits and changes in nutrient cycling ( ...
... et al. 2001; Walther et al. 2002). Interactions between these effects can create even more complexities. Increased evaporation from higher temperatures and reduced summer precipitation might result in more frequent and prolonged growing season soil moisture deficits and changes in nutrient cycling ( ...
Northern High-Latitude Heat Budget Decomposition and
... We make use of two pairs of models, meaning the two members of each pair are closely related through their formulation. One member of each pair has a large AMOC weakening while the other has a small weakening. Using heat budgets, we trace the influence of the AMOC response differences through their ...
... We make use of two pairs of models, meaning the two members of each pair are closely related through their formulation. One member of each pair has a large AMOC weakening while the other has a small weakening. Using heat budgets, we trace the influence of the AMOC response differences through their ...
Physiological Basis of Climate Change Impacts on North American
... Are temperature-driven changes in climate contributing to the adoption of “skipped spawning” strategies (Rideout et al. 2005)? Does climate change differentially influence species according to their spawning strategy and level of parental care? Will early-life survival increase in a changed climate ...
... Are temperature-driven changes in climate contributing to the adoption of “skipped spawning” strategies (Rideout et al. 2005)? Does climate change differentially influence species according to their spawning strategy and level of parental care? Will early-life survival increase in a changed climate ...
... patterns were found in all species. Spring arrival dates have tended to advance since the mid-1970s. Current dates are similar to those from the 1940s (except for C. ciconia). Thus, the advance of spring migration over the last three decades could be seen as a return to the initial timing of arrival ...
Regional Summaries - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... Uncertainty is particularly large for East Africa due to concerns about whether the GCM models adequately capture the dynamics of the rainy seasons in that region and because higher resolution regional climate models do not seem to reproduce, but rather contradict, the increase in precipitation seen ...
... Uncertainty is particularly large for East Africa due to concerns about whether the GCM models adequately capture the dynamics of the rainy seasons in that region and because higher resolution regional climate models do not seem to reproduce, but rather contradict, the increase in precipitation seen ...
Envisioning adaptive strategies to change
... and Pauwels 2001) and 27% of the population is undernourished (FAO 2004). However, there are no detailed empirical studies of how livelihoods in this region are vulnerable to climate change or how multiple threats interact. In general, there is an extensive body of literature that can be drawn upon ...
... and Pauwels 2001) and 27% of the population is undernourished (FAO 2004). However, there are no detailed empirical studies of how livelihoods in this region are vulnerable to climate change or how multiple threats interact. In general, there is an extensive body of literature that can be drawn upon ...
Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings
... of models (16); in no case it is significantly positive. Such strong cross-model agreement forcefully suggests that observed dryness in the Sahel has been—at least in part—a response to late 20th century forcings. [7] The above analysis establishes that the late 20th century Sahel drought had a forc ...
... of models (16); in no case it is significantly positive. Such strong cross-model agreement forcefully suggests that observed dryness in the Sahel has been—at least in part—a response to late 20th century forcings. [7] The above analysis establishes that the late 20th century Sahel drought had a forc ...
Physiological Basis
... Are temperature-driven changes in climate contributing to the adoption of “skipped spawning” strategies (Rideout et al. 2005)? Does climate change differentially influence species according to their spawning strategy and level of parental care? Will early-life survival increase in a changed climate ...
... Are temperature-driven changes in climate contributing to the adoption of “skipped spawning” strategies (Rideout et al. 2005)? Does climate change differentially influence species according to their spawning strategy and level of parental care? Will early-life survival increase in a changed climate ...
How Does Climate Change Affect Human Health? Climate change
... health departments, less than one-fifth (19 percent) indicated that climate change was among their department’s top 10 current priorities.iii Only six percent indicated that climate change was one of their health department’s current top five priorities.iv • A 2009 Association of State and Territori ...
... health departments, less than one-fifth (19 percent) indicated that climate change was among their department’s top 10 current priorities.iii Only six percent indicated that climate change was one of their health department’s current top five priorities.iv • A 2009 Association of State and Territori ...
Distinguishing the relative impacts of climate change and human
... may increase stream discharge but reduce its variance due to the decreasing surface runoff and increasing baseflow (e.g., Tomer et al., 2005; Schilling, 2004). Moreover, water utilization for agricultural and industrial development can also lead to significant change in the water cycle and affect the ...
... may increase stream discharge but reduce its variance due to the decreasing surface runoff and increasing baseflow (e.g., Tomer et al., 2005; Schilling, 2004). Moreover, water utilization for agricultural and industrial development can also lead to significant change in the water cycle and affect the ...
Climate change knowledge and social movement theory
... 22). In pursuit of one or another political cause, they make use of what Herbert Kitschelt23 termed ‘political opportunity structures’ in his analysis of anti-nuclear movements in the 1970s. Social movements tend to manifest themselves through publicly recognized forms of protest or direct action, b ...
... 22). In pursuit of one or another political cause, they make use of what Herbert Kitschelt23 termed ‘political opportunity structures’ in his analysis of anti-nuclear movements in the 1970s. Social movements tend to manifest themselves through publicly recognized forms of protest or direct action, b ...
Introduction
... It should be stressed that the question raised by IAM is in essence a problem of decision-making involving a public good (the atmosphere) at a global level in a uncertain context, where the measures against climate change and their consequences are spread over much of the earth surface in an extende ...
... It should be stressed that the question raised by IAM is in essence a problem of decision-making involving a public good (the atmosphere) at a global level in a uncertain context, where the measures against climate change and their consequences are spread over much of the earth surface in an extende ...
Bias corrections of global models for regional climate simulations
... high-impact weather signal of interest (Ehret et al. 2012; Done et al. 2013). An alternative bias-correction approach is to construct boundary conditions from a current climate reanalysis plus a climate change perturbation, a technique known as pseudo-global-warming (Scha¨r et al. 1996; Rasmussen et ...
... high-impact weather signal of interest (Ehret et al. 2012; Done et al. 2013). An alternative bias-correction approach is to construct boundary conditions from a current climate reanalysis plus a climate change perturbation, a technique known as pseudo-global-warming (Scha¨r et al. 1996; Rasmussen et ...
Impact of extreme weather on critical infrastructure Deliverable D2.1
... (b) variance and (c) both. ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 5.1 Examples of EWI for precipitation, wind and temperature, significant trends, evaluated averaging o ...
... (b) variance and (c) both. ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 5.1 Examples of EWI for precipitation, wind and temperature, significant trends, evaluated averaging o ...
1 The Effects of Artificial Clouds on Climate
... and climate events. But we know that each gallon of fuel we burn results in causation. Other "rising correlations" exist which do not affect the climate, and nearly 20 pounds of carbon dioxide added high CO2 levels in ancient ice to the air, and as far we can tell, CO2 corresponding with temperature ...
... and climate events. But we know that each gallon of fuel we burn results in causation. Other "rising correlations" exist which do not affect the climate, and nearly 20 pounds of carbon dioxide added high CO2 levels in ancient ice to the air, and as far we can tell, CO2 corresponding with temperature ...
FiELDiNG CLiMATE CHANGE iN CULTURAL
... with the harvest, chatting with mothers outside the primary school, attending a wedding celebration or school graduation. None of these methods and data sources would have been sufficient on their own to understand the full complexity of the farmers’ vulnerability.” Accordingly, most chapters in her ...
... with the harvest, chatting with mothers outside the primary school, attending a wedding celebration or school graduation. None of these methods and data sources would have been sufficient on their own to understand the full complexity of the farmers’ vulnerability.” Accordingly, most chapters in her ...
Freedom from Hazard Impacts - AFES
... between a rising world population & shrinking world water resource: global warming. Climate change may spark conflict between nations and British armed forces must be ready to tackle violence. He forecast that violence and political conflict would become more likely in the next 20 to 30 years as cli ...
... between a rising world population & shrinking world water resource: global warming. Climate change may spark conflict between nations and British armed forces must be ready to tackle violence. He forecast that violence and political conflict would become more likely in the next 20 to 30 years as cli ...
Slide 1
... carbon dioxide and several other greenhouse gases have increased significantly over the last 200 years. Several kinds of data suggest this increase is due to the burning of fossil fuels, combined with the cutting and burning of forests worldwide. These activities add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere ...
... carbon dioxide and several other greenhouse gases have increased significantly over the last 200 years. Several kinds of data suggest this increase is due to the burning of fossil fuels, combined with the cutting and burning of forests worldwide. These activities add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere ...
Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap
... same time undermining the capacity of our domestic installations to support training activities.” The third National Climate Assessment notes that certain types of weather events have become more freque ...
... same time undermining the capacity of our domestic installations to support training activities.” The third National Climate Assessment notes that certain types of weather events have become more freque ...
Event - IUCN
... This discussion forum brings together the latest insights from researchers and decision makers who operate at multiple scales, from global to local to address the range of challenges facing a country. ...
... This discussion forum brings together the latest insights from researchers and decision makers who operate at multiple scales, from global to local to address the range of challenges facing a country. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).