Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... Despite rapid current CO2 growth, ~2 ppm/year, we show that it is conceivable to reduce CO2 this century to less than the current amount, but only via prompt policy changes. 1.1. Climate Sensitivity A global climate forcing, measured in W/m2 averaged over the planet, is an imposed perturbation of th ...
... Despite rapid current CO2 growth, ~2 ppm/year, we show that it is conceivable to reduce CO2 this century to less than the current amount, but only via prompt policy changes. 1.1. Climate Sensitivity A global climate forcing, measured in W/m2 averaged over the planet, is an imposed perturbation of th ...
Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe
... 2012) given the stresses being placed on water resources and the considerable economical, societal and environmental impacts. In the last two decades, the average annual economic consequences of droughts in Europe drastically increased, rising to EUR 6.2 billion yr−1 in the most recent years (EEA, 2 ...
... 2012) given the stresses being placed on water resources and the considerable economical, societal and environmental impacts. In the last two decades, the average annual economic consequences of droughts in Europe drastically increased, rising to EUR 6.2 billion yr−1 in the most recent years (EEA, 2 ...
Climate change and the distribution and conservation of the world`s
... increases (Vuille and Bradley, 2000), an increase in the elevation of the 0 °C isotherm (Carrasco et al., 2008; Vuille et al., 2008), a decline in precipitation (Morales et al., 2012), and widespread glacial retreat (Francou, 2003; Jomelli et al., 2011). According to paleoecological evidence, which ...
... increases (Vuille and Bradley, 2000), an increase in the elevation of the 0 °C isotherm (Carrasco et al., 2008; Vuille et al., 2008), a decline in precipitation (Morales et al., 2012), and widespread glacial retreat (Francou, 2003; Jomelli et al., 2011). According to paleoecological evidence, which ...
Adaptation at the negotiations
... The Bali Action Plan (Decision 1CP.13) • Reaffirmed that economic, social development and poverty eradication are global priorities • Decided that it was essential to respond to the findings of the 4th assessment report of the IPCC • Recognized that deep cuts in emissions are needed to achieve the ...
... The Bali Action Plan (Decision 1CP.13) • Reaffirmed that economic, social development and poverty eradication are global priorities • Decided that it was essential to respond to the findings of the 4th assessment report of the IPCC • Recognized that deep cuts in emissions are needed to achieve the ...
Report
... unprecedented scale damage developing and developed nations. At the time of writing, a 1in-1,000 year flood inundated Colorado2 and Typhoon Haiyan caused more deaths in the Philippines than any other disaster in the country’s recorded history. 3 Droughts are occurring with increasing intensity. Thou ...
... unprecedented scale damage developing and developed nations. At the time of writing, a 1in-1,000 year flood inundated Colorado2 and Typhoon Haiyan caused more deaths in the Philippines than any other disaster in the country’s recorded history. 3 Droughts are occurring with increasing intensity. Thou ...
Cooling of US Midwest summer temperature extremes from cropland
... conversion to cropland, often considered an important influence on historical temperatures, is not significantly associated with cooling. We suggest that agricultural intensification increases the potential for evapotranspiration, leading to cooler temperatures and contributing to increased precipit ...
... conversion to cropland, often considered an important influence on historical temperatures, is not significantly associated with cooling. We suggest that agricultural intensification increases the potential for evapotranspiration, leading to cooler temperatures and contributing to increased precipit ...
Warming - Amazon Web Services
... Cores drilled in tropical glaciers show signs of recent melting that is unprecedented at least throughout the Holocene-the past 10,000 years. Another powerful sign of warming, visible clearly from satellites, is the shrinking Arctic sea ice cover (figure 3-5), which has declined 20 percent since sat ...
... Cores drilled in tropical glaciers show signs of recent melting that is unprecedented at least throughout the Holocene-the past 10,000 years. Another powerful sign of warming, visible clearly from satellites, is the shrinking Arctic sea ice cover (figure 3-5), which has declined 20 percent since sat ...
intended nationally determined contribution of mongolia
... has multiplied since the rapid development of agriculture sector in 1980s; however, the crop yield per hectare fluctuated around 50 percent depending on weather conditions. Current year’s poor harvest shows that such situation is actual in nowadays as well. Moreover, climate change might have advers ...
... has multiplied since the rapid development of agriculture sector in 1980s; however, the crop yield per hectare fluctuated around 50 percent depending on weather conditions. Current year’s poor harvest shows that such situation is actual in nowadays as well. Moreover, climate change might have advers ...
Technology Development and Transfer
... Investments in clean energy are growing fast, including new ...
... Investments in clean energy are growing fast, including new ...
V. Objectives of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
... sectoral effects; (iii) limited knowledge of the most appropriate adaptation policies and measures hinders countries from preparing themselves with the necessary institutional capacities to support climate risk management; (iv) limited financing options to sustain scaled-up adaptation remains a con ...
... sectoral effects; (iii) limited knowledge of the most appropriate adaptation policies and measures hinders countries from preparing themselves with the necessary institutional capacities to support climate risk management; (iv) limited financing options to sustain scaled-up adaptation remains a con ...
Geel et al.
... restricted to the Last Glacial, but also occurred during the Holocene. They provide evidence that these events were simultaneous with climatic cooling phases. A number of those Holocene climate cooling phases coincide with events studied in detail by others and are most likely of a global nature (e. ...
... restricted to the Last Glacial, but also occurred during the Holocene. They provide evidence that these events were simultaneous with climatic cooling phases. A number of those Holocene climate cooling phases coincide with events studied in detail by others and are most likely of a global nature (e. ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... Increases in fossil fuel combustion and deforestation have exponentially increased concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. Rising atmospheric concentrations of GHGs in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly re ...
... Increases in fossil fuel combustion and deforestation have exponentially increased concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. Rising atmospheric concentrations of GHGs in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly re ...
Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate
... UV radiation. Although generally less harmful than UV-B radiation, UV-A radiation has important effects on tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and aquatic and soil processes, as well as being mutagenic and causing immune suppression in humans6. Implementation of the Montreal Protocol has drasticall ...
... UV radiation. Although generally less harmful than UV-B radiation, UV-A radiation has important effects on tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and aquatic and soil processes, as well as being mutagenic and causing immune suppression in humans6. Implementation of the Montreal Protocol has drasticall ...
The intensification and shift of the annual North Atlantic Oscillation in
... The model data come from a 240-yr integration of global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice–land surface climate model under the transient greenhouse gas warming scenario. The model is the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM, which is described in (and references therein Roeckner et al., 1996 and references therein), Ob ...
... The model data come from a 240-yr integration of global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice–land surface climate model under the transient greenhouse gas warming scenario. The model is the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM, which is described in (and references therein Roeckner et al., 1996 and references therein), Ob ...
MuniFin Second Opinion Cicero
... The CICERO-led ENSO provides second opinions on institutions´ framework and guidance for assessing and selecting eligible projects for green bond investments, and assesses the framework´s robustness in meeting the institutions´ environmental objectives. The second opinion is based on documentation ...
... The CICERO-led ENSO provides second opinions on institutions´ framework and guidance for assessing and selecting eligible projects for green bond investments, and assesses the framework´s robustness in meeting the institutions´ environmental objectives. The second opinion is based on documentation ...
Climate Change and College Students
... new status (Broughton et al. 2011). This instruction was coupled with instruction in the nature of science (Lederman 1992) so that students better appreciated that the change in Pluto’s planetary status had a specific scientific rationale and that changes such as reclassifications based on new data ...
... new status (Broughton et al. 2011). This instruction was coupled with instruction in the nature of science (Lederman 1992) so that students better appreciated that the change in Pluto’s planetary status had a specific scientific rationale and that changes such as reclassifications based on new data ...
pri climate change strategy project
... December through bilateral agreements, high-level discussions and other lead-up gatherings. The Climate Change Convention - effectively a planetary risk management treaty - aims to manage climate change within acceptable limits. Parties to the Convention agreed in Cancun in 2010 to 2°C as the upper ...
... December through bilateral agreements, high-level discussions and other lead-up gatherings. The Climate Change Convention - effectively a planetary risk management treaty - aims to manage climate change within acceptable limits. Parties to the Convention agreed in Cancun in 2010 to 2°C as the upper ...
thirsty country: climate change and drought in
... and the time spent in drought conditions is projected to increase. ›› In Western Australia total reductions in autumn and winter precipitation could be potentially as high as 50 percent in the next 80 years. ›› To stabilise the climate, we must rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase inves ...
... and the time spent in drought conditions is projected to increase. ›› In Western Australia total reductions in autumn and winter precipitation could be potentially as high as 50 percent in the next 80 years. ›› To stabilise the climate, we must rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase inves ...
alexander b. polonsky
... the routine oceanographic observations are too sparse and noisy for the reliable detection of lowfrequency (long-term) changes of the oceanic fields in the deep ocean (below about upper 800 m layer), except perhaps near a few standard oceanographic sections and some specific regions with strong ocea ...
... the routine oceanographic observations are too sparse and noisy for the reliable detection of lowfrequency (long-term) changes of the oceanic fields in the deep ocean (below about upper 800 m layer), except perhaps near a few standard oceanographic sections and some specific regions with strong ocea ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...