- Wiley Online Library
... between the heritability of a trait and extinction risk as long as climatic effects on growth rate are not too severe (Fig. 1). Models have also recently been extended to include plasticity, relaxing conditions under which extinction is inevitable unless the costs of plasticity are high (Chevin et a ...
... between the heritability of a trait and extinction risk as long as climatic effects on growth rate are not too severe (Fig. 1). Models have also recently been extended to include plasticity, relaxing conditions under which extinction is inevitable unless the costs of plasticity are high (Chevin et a ...
The rise and rise of fluorinated greenhouse gases - Öko
... HFCs are chlorine-free substitutes developed by the chemicals industry to replace ozonedepleting CFCs and HCFCs. These are hydrocarbons with fluorine (F) in the molecule. While CFCs/HCFCs contribute both to the destruction of the ozone layer and to global warming, HFCs are only a threat to the clima ...
... HFCs are chlorine-free substitutes developed by the chemicals industry to replace ozonedepleting CFCs and HCFCs. These are hydrocarbons with fluorine (F) in the molecule. While CFCs/HCFCs contribute both to the destruction of the ozone layer and to global warming, HFCs are only a threat to the clima ...
Climate - Net Texts
... Climate zones are classified by the Köppen classification system. This system is based on the temperature, the amount of precipitation, and the times of year when precipitation occurs. Since climate determines the type of vegetation that grows in an area, vegetation is used as an indicator of climate ...
... Climate zones are classified by the Köppen classification system. This system is based on the temperature, the amount of precipitation, and the times of year when precipitation occurs. Since climate determines the type of vegetation that grows in an area, vegetation is used as an indicator of climate ...
Implications of global warming for the climate of African rainforests
... Changes in local temperature and precipitation have the potential to affect African rainforests and have led to large ecological shifts on millennial timescales [1]. Projecting the impact of anthropogenic interference on the climate of West and Central Africa is therefore important: to provide infor ...
... Changes in local temperature and precipitation have the potential to affect African rainforests and have led to large ecological shifts on millennial timescales [1]. Projecting the impact of anthropogenic interference on the climate of West and Central Africa is therefore important: to provide infor ...
paper - IASC Network on Arctic Glaciology
... of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particular importance. Although it has a relatively cold climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a s ...
... of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particular importance. Although it has a relatively cold climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a s ...
How To Do Note on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Climate Change
... The changes already being witnessed include warming of the atmosphere and the oceans, changes in rainfall patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events. The oceans are becoming increasingly saline and acid, affecting the physiology and behaviour of many aquatic species and altering prod ...
... The changes already being witnessed include warming of the atmosphere and the oceans, changes in rainfall patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events. The oceans are becoming increasingly saline and acid, affecting the physiology and behaviour of many aquatic species and altering prod ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MAIN AGRICULTURE CROPS IN
... ongoing climate change [1] and that these changes are expected to have important effects on different economic sectors as agriculture, forestry, energy consumptions, tourism, etc. [2]. Since agricultural practices are climate-dependent and yields vary from year to year depending on climate variabili ...
... ongoing climate change [1] and that these changes are expected to have important effects on different economic sectors as agriculture, forestry, energy consumptions, tourism, etc. [2]. Since agricultural practices are climate-dependent and yields vary from year to year depending on climate variabili ...
Comparison of Monthly Temperature Extremes Simulated by CMIP3
... Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are evaluated and compared with those from 24 models in the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Comparisons with observations and reanalyses indicate that the models from both CMIP3 and CMIP5 perform well in simulating temperature extreme ...
... Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are evaluated and compared with those from 24 models in the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Comparisons with observations and reanalyses indicate that the models from both CMIP3 and CMIP5 perform well in simulating temperature extreme ...
Antarctic Temperature and Sea Ice Trends over the Last
... of cooling, poses challenges to models of climate and ecosystem change.” Turner, et al (2005) analyzed 19 long-term stations reporting temperature, sea level pressure, and wind speed over the Antarctic continent. They noticed a warming of the Antarctic Peninsula (as have others), but suggested that ...
... of cooling, poses challenges to models of climate and ecosystem change.” Turner, et al (2005) analyzed 19 long-term stations reporting temperature, sea level pressure, and wind speed over the Antarctic continent. They noticed a warming of the Antarctic Peninsula (as have others), but suggested that ...
Deliverable 2F3 Full Costs of Climate Change WP 2F
... ecologically similar climatic conditions, and represents broad habitat and vegetation types (MA 2005). Naturally, these biomes not only differ in their primary production (e.g. low productivity in tundras vs. high productivity in tropical rainforests), but also provide different ecosystem services. ...
... ecologically similar climatic conditions, and represents broad habitat and vegetation types (MA 2005). Naturally, these biomes not only differ in their primary production (e.g. low productivity in tundras vs. high productivity in tropical rainforests), but also provide different ecosystem services. ...
International Aviation
... countries are now higher or on par with many of the countries that were originally classified as “de veloped” countries under the UNFCCC. This is also true for the aviation sector where developed and developing nations are already com peting on an equal footing. Furthermore, aviation users � no ma ...
... countries are now higher or on par with many of the countries that were originally classified as “de veloped” countries under the UNFCCC. This is also true for the aviation sector where developed and developing nations are already com peting on an equal footing. Furthermore, aviation users � no ma ...
Resources How to Evaluate Domestic Climate Policy Options 14
... Policy Implications These findings do not imply that energy codes are the most effective policy to promote energy conservation and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The alternatives—a comprehensive capand-trade policy on emissions or a carbon tax—would increase the price of energy and provide ...
... Policy Implications These findings do not imply that energy codes are the most effective policy to promote energy conservation and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The alternatives—a comprehensive capand-trade policy on emissions or a carbon tax—would increase the price of energy and provide ...
Review of the White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to
... and local scales. They connect natural and socioeconomic research with practice. They help society cope with climate variability and change through the transformation of climate-related data ...
... and local scales. They connect natural and socioeconomic research with practice. They help society cope with climate variability and change through the transformation of climate-related data ...
Influence of Climate and Land Use Change on Carbon in Agriculture
... total a NPP is 5.1 Mg ha−1 yr−1, comprising 3.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for aboveground and 1.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for belowground components. In comparison, marshes and swamps have higher total NPP (Table 4–4). Joosten and Clarke (2002) reported that pristine fens presently remove 2.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (as CO2) and rele ...
... total a NPP is 5.1 Mg ha−1 yr−1, comprising 3.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for aboveground and 1.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for belowground components. In comparison, marshes and swamps have higher total NPP (Table 4–4). Joosten and Clarke (2002) reported that pristine fens presently remove 2.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (as CO2) and rele ...
Expert meeting on assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change (opens in new window)
... national universities, to ensure that knowledge and expertise will also increase in these countries that are at high risk for loss and damage in the face of climate change; ...
... national universities, to ensure that knowledge and expertise will also increase in these countries that are at high risk for loss and damage in the face of climate change; ...
The fate of Amazonian ecosystems over the coming century arising
... 2013). Findings of increasing biomass in studies of forest inventories in the tropics have been interpreted as indicating that CO2 fertilization may be occurring (Baker et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2009); however, there is currently limited direct evidence from large-scale experimental studies in tro ...
... 2013). Findings of increasing biomass in studies of forest inventories in the tropics have been interpreted as indicating that CO2 fertilization may be occurring (Baker et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2009); however, there is currently limited direct evidence from large-scale experimental studies in tro ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – invasive
... 1. Introduction High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et ...
... 1. Introduction High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et ...
Update of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Loss: Exponential?
... the Antarctic ice sheet). They compare several analysis methods, achieving a reasonably welldefined consensus. The data is 2-3 years more current than data we employed recently (Hansen and Sato, 2012), so a new look at the data seems warranted. A crucial question is how rapidly the Greenland (or Ant ...
... the Antarctic ice sheet). They compare several analysis methods, achieving a reasonably welldefined consensus. The data is 2-3 years more current than data we employed recently (Hansen and Sato, 2012), so a new look at the data seems warranted. A crucial question is how rapidly the Greenland (or Ant ...
international legal implications of climate change for the polar
... within the polar regions.8 However, despite the likely significant environmental impacts of climate change, and the potential indirect consequences on political stability within the polar regions, the legal and policy responses of the relevant regional institutions to climate change have been limite ...
... within the polar regions.8 However, despite the likely significant environmental impacts of climate change, and the potential indirect consequences on political stability within the polar regions, the legal and policy responses of the relevant regional institutions to climate change have been limite ...
Predicting persistence in a changing climate: flow direction and
... for population or species persistence. Here, I review evidence that directional flows of water and air have the potential to restrict species’ range boundaries under ambient conditions, the spread of introduced species, and the redistribution of native species under changing climatic conditions. I d ...
... for population or species persistence. Here, I review evidence that directional flows of water and air have the potential to restrict species’ range boundaries under ambient conditions, the spread of introduced species, and the redistribution of native species under changing climatic conditions. I d ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – invasive animals
... 1. Introduction High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et ...
... 1. Introduction High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et ...
A Curious Case: North Korea and the United Nations Framework
... (UNFCCC), despite its reputation as a belligerent actor in nuclear diplomacy. Because of its vulnerability to climate change impacts, North Korea has strong incentives to participate in the UNFCCC. North Korea represents a fascinating anomaly within the UNFCCC. It is not an active member of any spec ...
... (UNFCCC), despite its reputation as a belligerent actor in nuclear diplomacy. Because of its vulnerability to climate change impacts, North Korea has strong incentives to participate in the UNFCCC. North Korea represents a fascinating anomaly within the UNFCCC. It is not an active member of any spec ...
Chapter 17.
... into Hudson Bay provides some evidence for climate change but it is not coherent in time or space. Gagnon and ...
... into Hudson Bay provides some evidence for climate change but it is not coherent in time or space. Gagnon and ...
Out of control: How we failed to adapt and suffered the consequences
... et al., 2013) and successful spawning within the basin (Chapman et al., 2013). In a political climate already increasingly characterized by laissez-faire government retrenchment, scrambling politicians and angered residents came to interpret this failure as evidence of scientific and regulatory futil ...
... et al., 2013) and successful spawning within the basin (Chapman et al., 2013). In a political climate already increasingly characterized by laissez-faire government retrenchment, scrambling politicians and angered residents came to interpret this failure as evidence of scientific and regulatory futil ...