Annals of the Association of American Geographers Climate
... Mountain geodynamics represent highly scale-dependent interactions involving climate, tectonic, and surface processes. The central Karakoram in Pakistan exhibit strong climate–tectonic feedbacks, although the detailed tectonic and topographic responses to climate perturbations need to be systematica ...
... Mountain geodynamics represent highly scale-dependent interactions involving climate, tectonic, and surface processes. The central Karakoram in Pakistan exhibit strong climate–tectonic feedbacks, although the detailed tectonic and topographic responses to climate perturbations need to be systematica ...
pdf file)
... Pavements are designed based on historic climatic patterns, reflecting local climate and incorporating assumptions about a reasonable range of temperatures and precipitation levels. Given anticipated climate changes and the inherent uncertainty associated with such changes, a pavement could be su ...
... Pavements are designed based on historic climatic patterns, reflecting local climate and incorporating assumptions about a reasonable range of temperatures and precipitation levels. Given anticipated climate changes and the inherent uncertainty associated with such changes, a pavement could be su ...
Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
... (Raymo et al. 1996). As previously stated, specific proxies for atmospheric CO2 have identified elevated concentrations during warm intervals of the Pliocene. The CO2 increases reconstructed for the Pliocene, up to 425 ppm by volume, would produce a radiative forcing of approximately 2.5 W mK2. This m ...
... (Raymo et al. 1996). As previously stated, specific proxies for atmospheric CO2 have identified elevated concentrations during warm intervals of the Pliocene. The CO2 increases reconstructed for the Pliocene, up to 425 ppm by volume, would produce a radiative forcing of approximately 2.5 W mK2. This m ...
Ambiguity and climate policy
... system2 are. If we have sufficiently high quality information to justify probabilistic beliefs, then the approach adopted thus far in the literature is unequivocally useful. If not, we need to justify why this approach is a useful approximation, or attempt to define welfare measures that are true to ...
... system2 are. If we have sufficiently high quality information to justify probabilistic beliefs, then the approach adopted thus far in the literature is unequivocally useful. If not, we need to justify why this approach is a useful approximation, or attempt to define welfare measures that are true to ...
What do the Appendices to the Copenhagen Accord tell us about global greenhouse gas emissions and the prospects for avoiding a rise in global average temperature of more than 2°C? (436 kB) (opens in new window)
... reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, which have been submitted by countries to the Appendices of the Copenhagen Accord. These targets and intended actions are quantified and assessed in terms of global emissions to provide an understanding of the extent to which planned actions are consistent wit ...
... reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, which have been submitted by countries to the Appendices of the Copenhagen Accord. These targets and intended actions are quantified and assessed in terms of global emissions to provide an understanding of the extent to which planned actions are consistent wit ...
Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer
... the early 1990s. The depletion has lessened since then and now is about 3.5% averaged over the globe. The average depletion exceeds the natural year-to-year variations of global total ozone. The ozone loss is very small near the equator and increases with latitude toward the poles. The larger polar ...
... the early 1990s. The depletion has lessened since then and now is about 3.5% averaged over the globe. The average depletion exceeds the natural year-to-year variations of global total ozone. The ozone loss is very small near the equator and increases with latitude toward the poles. The larger polar ...
climate change in the courts
... increased flooding. Where planning laws and policies required consideration of future climate impacts, courts were more likely to ensure considerations were taken into account and addressed prior to granting planning approval. Thirty-five cases took place in the United Kingdom, and 14 took place in ...
... increased flooding. Where planning laws and policies required consideration of future climate impacts, courts were more likely to ensure considerations were taken into account and addressed prior to granting planning approval. Thirty-five cases took place in the United Kingdom, and 14 took place in ...
Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth
... surface temperature will increase by 4oC or more above pre-industrial levels by the end of 21st century (Collins et al. 2013)—with a non-negligible risk of far higher dangerous warming (Wagner and Weitzman 2015). To avoid the risk of dangerous and irreversible climate change, the consensus view is t ...
... surface temperature will increase by 4oC or more above pre-industrial levels by the end of 21st century (Collins et al. 2013)—with a non-negligible risk of far higher dangerous warming (Wagner and Weitzman 2015). To avoid the risk of dangerous and irreversible climate change, the consensus view is t ...
Climate Change: what do we know about the IPCC?
... The second area where critical analysis of the expertise mobilised in the IPCC assessments has been made is with respect to the participation of developing country experts. Despite increasing attention paid by the IPCC governing bureau to these concerns since they were first expressed in the early 1 ...
... The second area where critical analysis of the expertise mobilised in the IPCC assessments has been made is with respect to the participation of developing country experts. Despite increasing attention paid by the IPCC governing bureau to these concerns since they were first expressed in the early 1 ...
The implications for climate sensitivity of AR5 forcing and heat...
... Use in (1) and (2) of averages over base and final periods, rather than complete time series, captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its unc ...
... Use in (1) and (2) of averages over base and final periods, rather than complete time series, captures much of the available information, since internal variability is high on sub-decadal timescales and only during the last decade or two has total forcing become reasonably large relative to its unc ...
Mountains for the world_2.indd
... The potential impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly evident in mountain environments. Not only are mountain regions with their fragile ecosystems particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; there are indications that changes in temperature and other factors ...
... The potential impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly evident in mountain environments. Not only are mountain regions with their fragile ecosystems particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; there are indications that changes in temperature and other factors ...
Component:
... GDP. That would mean a serious blow to Vietnam’s strategy of sustained economic growth as the main mechanism for poverty alleviation. In addition to the long-term climate change vulnerability, Vietnam is also one of the countries most prone to natural disasters, especially typhoons and floods. It is ...
... GDP. That would mean a serious blow to Vietnam’s strategy of sustained economic growth as the main mechanism for poverty alleviation. In addition to the long-term climate change vulnerability, Vietnam is also one of the countries most prone to natural disasters, especially typhoons and floods. It is ...
What is causing rapid change in the Arctic at the moment?
... hence deposited on snow and ice, could decrease albedo and speed up melting. A study led by researchers at the University of Leeds brought together Arctic shipping inventories for 2004, projected inventories for 2050 and a global aerosol model and found that 2050 emissions will contribute less than ...
... hence deposited on snow and ice, could decrease albedo and speed up melting. A study led by researchers at the University of Leeds brought together Arctic shipping inventories for 2004, projected inventories for 2050 and a global aerosol model and found that 2050 emissions will contribute less than ...
Consequences of elevated temperatures on legume biomass
... 1–17% of biomass (Piper et al. 2007) and have been estimated to account for ~5% of the total (new plus recycled) N inputs from Journal compilation CSIRO 2013 ...
... 1–17% of biomass (Piper et al. 2007) and have been estimated to account for ~5% of the total (new plus recycled) N inputs from Journal compilation CSIRO 2013 ...
Transformational Adaptation: Concepts, Examples, and their
... the availability of water including groundwater, the loss of agricultural land to sea-level rise and coastal erosion, and the intrusion of salt water in coastal aquifers due to a combination of sea level rise and lowered groundwater levels. Changes in rainfall, increased temperatures, intensified ev ...
... the availability of water including groundwater, the loss of agricultural land to sea-level rise and coastal erosion, and the intrusion of salt water in coastal aquifers due to a combination of sea level rise and lowered groundwater levels. Changes in rainfall, increased temperatures, intensified ev ...
Methods of assessing human health vulnerability and public health
... our planet.These changes reflect the overload of several of the Earth’s biophysical and ecological systems caused by the combined impact of growing human population and economic activities. Environmental changes are now affecting the whole planet and disrupting earth’s life-supporting mechanisms, bu ...
... our planet.These changes reflect the overload of several of the Earth’s biophysical and ecological systems caused by the combined impact of growing human population and economic activities. Environmental changes are now affecting the whole planet and disrupting earth’s life-supporting mechanisms, bu ...
DISCUSSION PAPER International Technology-Oriented
... potential to make a valuable contribution to addressing climate change. We conclude that TOAs aimed at knowledge sharing and coordination, research, development, or demonstration could increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of international climate cooperation, but have limited environmen ...
... potential to make a valuable contribution to addressing climate change. We conclude that TOAs aimed at knowledge sharing and coordination, research, development, or demonstration could increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of international climate cooperation, but have limited environmen ...
Climate change and human health in cities
... that cannot be avoided. High-income cities already provide these services to most of their population, but often do this in a way that interacts with weather extremes to worsen impacts – by paving much of the urban landscape, for example, which exacerbates heat and flooding. Whether building new str ...
... that cannot be avoided. High-income cities already provide these services to most of their population, but often do this in a way that interacts with weather extremes to worsen impacts – by paving much of the urban landscape, for example, which exacerbates heat and flooding. Whether building new str ...
Advancing a Political Ecology of Global Environmental Discourses
... deforestation, desertification, biodiversity utilization and climate change. The analysis is framed within the general approach of political ecology (Blaikie and Brookfield, 1987; Bryant and Bailey, 1997; Peet and Watts, 1996; Stott and Sullivan, 2000) by linking the underlying discourses of environ ...
... deforestation, desertification, biodiversity utilization and climate change. The analysis is framed within the general approach of political ecology (Blaikie and Brookfield, 1987; Bryant and Bailey, 1997; Peet and Watts, 1996; Stott and Sullivan, 2000) by linking the underlying discourses of environ ...
vsi09 cc Anthoff 10154597 en
... Mirrlees and Stern‟s (1972) definition of the balanced growth equivalent is for a single decision maker. It seems that the Stern Review‟s calculation of welfare measures is based on globally averaged per capita income and total population figures2. The Stern Review suggests that a more appropriate a ...
... Mirrlees and Stern‟s (1972) definition of the balanced growth equivalent is for a single decision maker. It seems that the Stern Review‟s calculation of welfare measures is based on globally averaged per capita income and total population figures2. The Stern Review suggests that a more appropriate a ...
9 IEAGHG Information Paper 2014-19: Report on London Convention meeting LC-36... Very slow progress on Export of CO
... In terms of CCS, its importance cannot be hidden, both for reducing emissions from fossil fuels and also for combining with bioenergy to take CO2 out of the atmosphere (BECCS or BioCCS). The importance of CCS jumps out of table SPM2 (Table 3.2 in full report) where their analysis shows that removing ...
... In terms of CCS, its importance cannot be hidden, both for reducing emissions from fossil fuels and also for combining with bioenergy to take CO2 out of the atmosphere (BECCS or BioCCS). The importance of CCS jumps out of table SPM2 (Table 3.2 in full report) where their analysis shows that removing ...
National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors
... greenhouse emissions inventories, and are not intended to be restricted in their use to reporting under the Act. The default emission factors listed in these Guidelines have been estimated by the Department of Climate Change using the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) and ar ...
... greenhouse emissions inventories, and are not intended to be restricted in their use to reporting under the Act. The default emission factors listed in these Guidelines have been estimated by the Department of Climate Change using the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) and ar ...
Assessment of Health and Climate Preparedness (PDF)
... mental health. People who are displaced from their homes and/or have property destroyed from an extreme weather event can suffer from significant financial loss and long-term mental health issues. Extreme weather events also can disrupt public health and medical services, including emergency respons ...
... mental health. People who are displaced from their homes and/or have property destroyed from an extreme weather event can suffer from significant financial loss and long-term mental health issues. Extreme weather events also can disrupt public health and medical services, including emergency respons ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.