Common Concern and Global Public Goods: Evidence, Bits and
... of mitigation and adaptation, many uncertainties persist. One of the biggest problems is the difficulty of defining the appropriate costs of climate change and of opportunity costs thereof. Both are crucial for future cost–benefit analysis.6 As projection periods extends further into the future, sma ...
... of mitigation and adaptation, many uncertainties persist. One of the biggest problems is the difficulty of defining the appropriate costs of climate change and of opportunity costs thereof. Both are crucial for future cost–benefit analysis.6 As projection periods extends further into the future, sma ...
Northern Ireland Climate Change Adaptation Programme
... There is clear evidence that our climate is changing. It is also widely accepted that to address climate change, action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) and to respond to the impacts that it brings (adaptation). Adaptation can help us manage for an uncertain future and prepa ...
... There is clear evidence that our climate is changing. It is also widely accepted that to address climate change, action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) and to respond to the impacts that it brings (adaptation). Adaptation can help us manage for an uncertain future and prepa ...
Longterm climate forcings to assess vulnerability in North Africa dry
... North African dryland forests, part of the mediterranean biogeographic region, are already facing the consequences of ongoing climate change (climate warming and water stress), as well as intense human pressure (Allen 2003). Studies on the relationship between environmental changes and human impact ...
... North African dryland forests, part of the mediterranean biogeographic region, are already facing the consequences of ongoing climate change (climate warming and water stress), as well as intense human pressure (Allen 2003). Studies on the relationship between environmental changes and human impact ...
Fossil Evidence for Evolution of the Shape and Color of
... Shape and Color of Penguin Feathers Julia A. Clarke,1* Daniel T. Ksepka,2,3 Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi,4 Ali J. Altamirano,4 Matthew D. Shawkey,5 Liliana D’Alba,5 Jakob Vinther,6 Thomas J. DeVries,7 Patrice Baby8,9 Penguin feathers are highly modified in form and function, but there have been no fossils ...
... Shape and Color of Penguin Feathers Julia A. Clarke,1* Daniel T. Ksepka,2,3 Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi,4 Ali J. Altamirano,4 Matthew D. Shawkey,5 Liliana D’Alba,5 Jakob Vinther,6 Thomas J. DeVries,7 Patrice Baby8,9 Penguin feathers are highly modified in form and function, but there have been no fossils ...
Paper on N 2 O as a ozone depleting substances
... have implications for the recovery of the polar ozone hole that might differ from that of global ozone; (iv) N2O could be an unintended byproduct of enhanced crop growth for biofuel production (21) or iron fertilization to mitigate CO2 emissions (22). Such an enhancement would lead to the unintended ...
... have implications for the recovery of the polar ozone hole that might differ from that of global ozone; (iv) N2O could be an unintended byproduct of enhanced crop growth for biofuel production (21) or iron fertilization to mitigate CO2 emissions (22). Such an enhancement would lead to the unintended ...
fellmann
... The OECD and the FAO are working together on an analytical report that focuses on building resilience in agricultural production systems in the context of climate change. The report intents to respond to key policy concerns regarding climate change, its impact on agriculture and the implications for ...
... The OECD and the FAO are working together on an analytical report that focuses on building resilience in agricultural production systems in the context of climate change. The report intents to respond to key policy concerns regarding climate change, its impact on agriculture and the implications for ...
The Role of Forest and Soil Carbon Sequestrations on Climate
... living biomass below the ground in soil (roots and micro organisms) or in the deeper sub-surface environments (Nair et al., 2009). Forests can be regarded as major sinks of mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (Sheikh et al., 2009). As a leading tree based system especially in the tropics, agrofore ...
... living biomass below the ground in soil (roots and micro organisms) or in the deeper sub-surface environments (Nair et al., 2009). Forests can be regarded as major sinks of mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (Sheikh et al., 2009). As a leading tree based system especially in the tropics, agrofore ...
‘information barrier’: Comparing perspectives on Unpacking the
... of knowledge and information provided by scientists and demand is determined by use of this information in achieving societal goals (Sarewitz and Pielke, 2007; Dilling, 2007; Dilling and Lemos, 2011). Effectively addressing opportunities to reconcile supply and demand could result in science that is ...
... of knowledge and information provided by scientists and demand is determined by use of this information in achieving societal goals (Sarewitz and Pielke, 2007; Dilling, 2007; Dilling and Lemos, 2011). Effectively addressing opportunities to reconcile supply and demand could result in science that is ...
Report Card - Chesapeake Climate Action Network
... Virginia’s Department of Environmental Quality from using budget resources for CPP purposes, but the Governor can and should still move forward by writing a strong CPP plan using other available administration personnel and resources. Meanwhile, any administration CPP plan must reduce total carbon p ...
... Virginia’s Department of Environmental Quality from using budget resources for CPP purposes, but the Governor can and should still move forward by writing a strong CPP plan using other available administration personnel and resources. Meanwhile, any administration CPP plan must reduce total carbon p ...
Seasonal versus transient snow and the elevation dependence of
... in the RZ. In 4 watersheds the SNOTEL/literature method placed the majority of watershed area in the TSZ, while the PRISM data was largely JFMmin > 0°C. The southernmost watershed had the majority of its area in the rain zone by the SNOTEL/literature method, but had 55% of its area between JFMmin of ...
... in the RZ. In 4 watersheds the SNOTEL/literature method placed the majority of watershed area in the TSZ, while the PRISM data was largely JFMmin > 0°C. The southernmost watershed had the majority of its area in the rain zone by the SNOTEL/literature method, but had 55% of its area between JFMmin of ...
CIRES-Climate Change - Colorado Water Conservation Board
... individual model projections within a single study can include both increasing and decreasing runoff due to the range of climate model output used to drive the hydrology models. Ongoing studies are attempting to resolve methodological differences in order to reduce the range of uncertainty in runoff ...
... individual model projections within a single study can include both increasing and decreasing runoff due to the range of climate model output used to drive the hydrology models. Ongoing studies are attempting to resolve methodological differences in order to reduce the range of uncertainty in runoff ...
Annex I Annex D in the Convention
... of POPs to the Arctic and other remote regions. Climate change is also predicted to exacerbate the adverse effects of POPs with increasing temperatures and salinities; this may particularly be of relevance for the areas in subtropical and tropical regions that have been observed to experience increa ...
... of POPs to the Arctic and other remote regions. Climate change is also predicted to exacerbate the adverse effects of POPs with increasing temperatures and salinities; this may particularly be of relevance for the areas in subtropical and tropical regions that have been observed to experience increa ...
Future wet grasslands: ecological implications of climate change
... identify key impacts on wet grasslands globally and regionally, by elucidating the likely ecology of future wet grasslands under climate change environments, and indicating climate mitigation and adaptation measures. Wet grasslands can be considered as transitional wetland ecosystems occupying a hyd ...
... identify key impacts on wet grasslands globally and regionally, by elucidating the likely ecology of future wet grasslands under climate change environments, and indicating climate mitigation and adaptation measures. Wet grasslands can be considered as transitional wetland ecosystems occupying a hyd ...
National Climate Change Strategy
... The development of this strategy responds to the above needs by ensuring that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigatio ...
... The development of this strategy responds to the above needs by ensuring that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigatio ...
Ireland in a Warmer World
... The impacts of climate change on hydrology are considered in Chapter 7. Nine Irish river catchments are modelled, and an amplification of the seasonal cycle across the country, with a rise in winter stream flow and a reduction in summer flow, is found. Increased winter flow means an elevated risk o ...
... The impacts of climate change on hydrology are considered in Chapter 7. Nine Irish river catchments are modelled, and an amplification of the seasonal cycle across the country, with a rise in winter stream flow and a reduction in summer flow, is found. Increased winter flow means an elevated risk o ...
Climate Scenario Development
... • scenarios of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, affecting crop growth and water use, as an input to the crop models; • climate observations and scenarios of future climate, for the crop model simulations; • adaptation scenarios (e.g., new crop varieties, adjusted farm management) as inputs to the ...
... • scenarios of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, affecting crop growth and water use, as an input to the crop models; • climate observations and scenarios of future climate, for the crop model simulations; • adaptation scenarios (e.g., new crop varieties, adjusted farm management) as inputs to the ...
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
uganda`s economic development - Konrad-Adenauer
... wildlife, and therefore also a highly relevant factor for the country’s economic development potential. The unpredictability of the climate, captured in the broadest sense in the concept of climate change, is increasingly considered as one of the greatest challenges facing the world’s environment, s ...
... wildlife, and therefore also a highly relevant factor for the country’s economic development potential. The unpredictability of the climate, captured in the broadest sense in the concept of climate change, is increasingly considered as one of the greatest challenges facing the world’s environment, s ...
Sea-Level Rise and Its Impact on Vulnerable States: Four Examples
... The threat to these areas from sea-level rise is often compounded by other changing climate patterns, leading to coastal wetlands losses, groundwater salinization, loss of arable land, and increased storm activity. For the SIDS, even slight sea-level rise could be dangerous to the health of their ec ...
... The threat to these areas from sea-level rise is often compounded by other changing climate patterns, leading to coastal wetlands losses, groundwater salinization, loss of arable land, and increased storm activity. For the SIDS, even slight sea-level rise could be dangerous to the health of their ec ...
Climate change intensification of horizontal water vapor transport in
... JJA, as shown in Figures 4a–4c and 4d–4f, respectively, the IVT statistics increase across most latitudes, with few exceptions (e.g., the subtropical subsidence zones near 30°N). The mean RCP8.5 signal is stronger than that from RCP4.5, although there is overlap between the two scenarios, which is l ...
... JJA, as shown in Figures 4a–4c and 4d–4f, respectively, the IVT statistics increase across most latitudes, with few exceptions (e.g., the subtropical subsidence zones near 30°N). The mean RCP8.5 signal is stronger than that from RCP4.5, although there is overlap between the two scenarios, which is l ...
MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
... What will happen to the future climate of our world? Man-induced increases in greenhouses gases (the most important of which is carbon dioxide) is leading to changes in the amount of sun energy that is trapped in the earth system and therefore to changes in the earth’s climate itself. Predictions of ...
... What will happen to the future climate of our world? Man-induced increases in greenhouses gases (the most important of which is carbon dioxide) is leading to changes in the amount of sun energy that is trapped in the earth system and therefore to changes in the earth’s climate itself. Predictions of ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... impacts under the A2 and B2 scenarios. In aggregate, in every decade up to 2050, these sub-sectors combined are expected to experience a gain under climate change, all scenarios, with the highest gains under A2. By 2050, the cumulative gain under A2 is calculated as approximately $389.35 mil and app ...
... impacts under the A2 and B2 scenarios. In aggregate, in every decade up to 2050, these sub-sectors combined are expected to experience a gain under climate change, all scenarios, with the highest gains under A2. By 2050, the cumulative gain under A2 is calculated as approximately $389.35 mil and app ...
Wales Soil Carbon Report - Geoenvironmental Research Centre
... Welsh soils hold a large reserve of organic carbon, however, this store is vulnerable to loss through land use change and anthropogenic perturbation (e.g. climate change). If soil carbon is lost it causes the release of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO 2, CH4, N2O) and has negative effects on other ecosyst ...
... Welsh soils hold a large reserve of organic carbon, however, this store is vulnerable to loss through land use change and anthropogenic perturbation (e.g. climate change). If soil carbon is lost it causes the release of greenhouse gases (e.g. CO 2, CH4, N2O) and has negative effects on other ecosyst ...
Warming Impact—Disease - Open Evidence Archive
... climate (heat-trapping emissions, aerosol pollution, and ozone depletion), altering these one at a time in their sophisticated models. Changes in the sun during the twentieth century have warmed both the troposphere and stratosphere. But human activities have increased heat-trapping emissions and de ...
... climate (heat-trapping emissions, aerosol pollution, and ozone depletion), altering these one at a time in their sophisticated models. Changes in the sun during the twentieth century have warmed both the troposphere and stratosphere. But human activities have increased heat-trapping emissions and de ...
Paleobiogeography of Miocene Equinae of North America: A
... addition, while the level of hypsodonty is often considered a proxy for browsing vs. grazing lifestyles (Kowalevsky, 1874; Matthew, 1926; Simpson, 1951, Stebbins; 1981), other studies have demonstrated that the dentition of a horse species is not always conclusive evidence for the type of vegetation ...
... addition, while the level of hypsodonty is often considered a proxy for browsing vs. grazing lifestyles (Kowalevsky, 1874; Matthew, 1926; Simpson, 1951, Stebbins; 1981), other studies have demonstrated that the dentition of a horse species is not always conclusive evidence for the type of vegetation ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.