Overcoming the Copenhagen Failure with Flexible Commitments
... Fair burden sharing requires some notion of the costs of mitigation— the societal costs of lowering emissions. While there have been extensive calculations on the costs to different societies, there is a simple approach that suggests why those costs will be limited. By most accounts, the adjustments ...
... Fair burden sharing requires some notion of the costs of mitigation— the societal costs of lowering emissions. While there have been extensive calculations on the costs to different societies, there is a simple approach that suggests why those costs will be limited. By most accounts, the adjustments ...
Climate Change and Its Impacts in Japan FY2012
... Japan’s average temperature varies widely from year to year, but over the long term, it has been on an upward trend, rising at a rate of 1.15°C per 100 years, which is higher than the global average of 0.68°C per 100 years. Both the number of extremely hot days with maximum temperature of 35°C and h ...
... Japan’s average temperature varies widely from year to year, but over the long term, it has been on an upward trend, rising at a rate of 1.15°C per 100 years, which is higher than the global average of 0.68°C per 100 years. Both the number of extremely hot days with maximum temperature of 35°C and h ...
Climate Change and Economic Adaptation: the View from Alaska
... Marine ecosystem changes affecting livelihood systems Infrastructure damage from coastal erosion and permafrost melting Savings in heating costs not enough to offset environmental costs Even so, on a day to day basis, concerns about environmental change will be dwarfed by issues such as the market p ...
... Marine ecosystem changes affecting livelihood systems Infrastructure damage from coastal erosion and permafrost melting Savings in heating costs not enough to offset environmental costs Even so, on a day to day basis, concerns about environmental change will be dwarfed by issues such as the market p ...
Bond.19.4.Dec_.08
... 3. Any influx of offset credits into the emissions trading scheme will undermine its effectiveness due to the risk of developing a “lemons market.” This is of increasing concern given the evidence that up to one-third of CDM projects either already registered or in the process of CDM registration ar ...
... 3. Any influx of offset credits into the emissions trading scheme will undermine its effectiveness due to the risk of developing a “lemons market.” This is of increasing concern given the evidence that up to one-third of CDM projects either already registered or in the process of CDM registration ar ...
Climate Change & Sustainable Development in Africa
... much as 90% by 2100 with small scale farmers being the most affected • In Egypt, for example, climate change could decrease national production of many crops (ranging from -11% for rice to -28% for soybeans) by the year 2050 ...
... much as 90% by 2100 with small scale farmers being the most affected • In Egypt, for example, climate change could decrease national production of many crops (ranging from -11% for rice to -28% for soybeans) by the year 2050 ...
Climate change and state fragility in the Sahel
... Estimates from the African Development Bank put the costs of adaptation in Africa at US$20-30 billion per year over the next 10 to 20 years. This is the amount needed to reduce climate vulnerability to an acceptable level, and while continentwide, it does give an idea of the scale of resources requi ...
... Estimates from the African Development Bank put the costs of adaptation in Africa at US$20-30 billion per year over the next 10 to 20 years. This is the amount needed to reduce climate vulnerability to an acceptable level, and while continentwide, it does give an idea of the scale of resources requi ...
Financial Risk Management and Global Climate Change:
... insensitive to our lack of precise knowledge of the underlying geo-physical processes and will enable the market to recognise the true economic cost of such uncertainty in climate processes. Finally we wish to develop robust risk management strategies again using robust decision theory in conjunctio ...
... insensitive to our lack of precise knowledge of the underlying geo-physical processes and will enable the market to recognise the true economic cost of such uncertainty in climate processes. Finally we wish to develop robust risk management strategies again using robust decision theory in conjunctio ...
US Army Corps of Engineers Reservoir Operations
... Midwest floods; the 2011 Mississippi floods) show a shift toward summer flooding in these areas. The effects of global climate change could extensively impact reservoir operations in the United States. Significant changes to reservoir inflows may lead to increased frequency of major floods as well a ...
... Midwest floods; the 2011 Mississippi floods) show a shift toward summer flooding in these areas. The effects of global climate change could extensively impact reservoir operations in the United States. Significant changes to reservoir inflows may lead to increased frequency of major floods as well a ...
Nutrients trigger carbon storage
... forests are by far the most important carbon sink, due to the long storage time of carbon in stem wood2. Declining global forest sinks could potentially increase the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentration by 50%. Unfortunately, model predictions of the fate of carbon in forests over long times ...
... forests are by far the most important carbon sink, due to the long storage time of carbon in stem wood2. Declining global forest sinks could potentially increase the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentration by 50%. Unfortunately, model predictions of the fate of carbon in forests over long times ...
Research and systematic observations +
... SBSTA at its 16 session as a result of consideration of the IPCC TAR by the SBSTA in order to: – enhance interaction with international research programmes on the scientific questions – communicate research needs identified by Parties to the research community – encourage coordinated and multidiscip ...
... SBSTA at its 16 session as a result of consideration of the IPCC TAR by the SBSTA in order to: – enhance interaction with international research programmes on the scientific questions – communicate research needs identified by Parties to the research community – encourage coordinated and multidiscip ...
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Observations and Climate Change on
... Baring Head – Southerly Interval CO2 Record ...
... Baring Head – Southerly Interval CO2 Record ...
1 - Intro
... • Climate is the mean state of the environment, defined over a finite time interval, at a given location and time. - This state can be characterized by the mean values of a range of weather variables, such as wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, pressure, visibility, and air quali ...
... • Climate is the mean state of the environment, defined over a finite time interval, at a given location and time. - This state can be characterized by the mean values of a range of weather variables, such as wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, pressure, visibility, and air quali ...
Climate Change Challenges and Opportunities for Small Islands
... Sea-level rise: costs and adaptation The relative costs of coastal adaptation vary strongly among and within regions and countries for the 21st century For the 21st century, the benefits of protecting against increased coastal flooding and land loss due to submergence and erosion at the global scal ...
... Sea-level rise: costs and adaptation The relative costs of coastal adaptation vary strongly among and within regions and countries for the 21st century For the 21st century, the benefits of protecting against increased coastal flooding and land loss due to submergence and erosion at the global scal ...
Climate Change and impact assessment
... identified in the initial screening of the project, the project team considered the project’s scope of improving vulnerable communities’ resilience to climate risks and proceeded with an environmental impact assessment. This included a full assessment of environmental impacts and an environmental m ...
... identified in the initial screening of the project, the project team considered the project’s scope of improving vulnerable communities’ resilience to climate risks and proceeded with an environmental impact assessment. This included a full assessment of environmental impacts and an environmental m ...
Global warming in a nonlinear climate
... These deep convective systems have multiple roles in the climate system. They cool the Earth’s surface, leading to significantly lower surface temperatures than would be expected from estimates of pure radiative balance. They transport moisture from the surface to the free atmosphere, and therefore ...
... These deep convective systems have multiple roles in the climate system. They cool the Earth’s surface, leading to significantly lower surface temperatures than would be expected from estimates of pure radiative balance. They transport moisture from the surface to the free atmosphere, and therefore ...
Media Release
... Key findings – New Zealand’s sensitivities to climate change Coastal Change: New Zealanders live mainly near coasts Shoreline ecology, public infrastructure, residential and commercial assets, community values and the future use of coastal-marine resources will be severely affected by changes to coa ...
... Key findings – New Zealand’s sensitivities to climate change Coastal Change: New Zealanders live mainly near coasts Shoreline ecology, public infrastructure, residential and commercial assets, community values and the future use of coastal-marine resources will be severely affected by changes to coa ...
16-page guide to the science of climate change
... Earth only gets enough energy from the sun to warm its surface to about 0°F — pretty warm compared to outer space, but still far too cold for life to exist. In reality, earth’s average surface temperature is a much more comfortable 58°F. Certain gasses in our atmosphere, such as CO 2 , methane, and ...
... Earth only gets enough energy from the sun to warm its surface to about 0°F — pretty warm compared to outer space, but still far too cold for life to exist. In reality, earth’s average surface temperature is a much more comfortable 58°F. Certain gasses in our atmosphere, such as CO 2 , methane, and ...
Theoretical mechanism for natural radiative forcing of El Nino
... El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium, Nature, 424, 271-276, 2003. ...
... El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium, Nature, 424, 271-276, 2003. ...
Climate Change - The Right Insight
... to both the shorter and longer wavelength radiation. Other constituents of the earth’s atmosphere, which affect the radiation balance, include naturally occurring trace gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, and aerosols and particulates injected into the atmosphere as the result of volcanic eru ...
... to both the shorter and longer wavelength radiation. Other constituents of the earth’s atmosphere, which affect the radiation balance, include naturally occurring trace gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, and aerosols and particulates injected into the atmosphere as the result of volcanic eru ...
Alaska and the Arctic - USA National Phenology Network
... are greening-up earlier and exhibiting higher productivity with advanced spring thaws [3]. In the short-term, earlier green-up and longer growing seasons may benefit species by providing a longer window for photosynthesis and resource acquisition. However, it is unclear how this increased period of ...
... are greening-up earlier and exhibiting higher productivity with advanced spring thaws [3]. In the short-term, earlier green-up and longer growing seasons may benefit species by providing a longer window for photosynthesis and resource acquisition. However, it is unclear how this increased period of ...
The impact of climate change on the global economy
... by economists and is the least concerning of the three climate damage functions. Climate damage under this function would be progressive whereby no tipping point is reached and the world’s population has the greatest amount of time to offset any negative effects of global warming. It can be seen tha ...
... by economists and is the least concerning of the three climate damage functions. Climate damage under this function would be progressive whereby no tipping point is reached and the world’s population has the greatest amount of time to offset any negative effects of global warming. It can be seen tha ...
Implementing the Kyoto Protocol
... Implementing the Kyoto Protocol and Addressing Climate Change Climate change is now a reality in Canada and around the world. Since the Industrial Revolution, concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been steadily increasing. Currently there is 30 per cent more carbon dioxide in the ...
... Implementing the Kyoto Protocol and Addressing Climate Change Climate change is now a reality in Canada and around the world. Since the Industrial Revolution, concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been steadily increasing. Currently there is 30 per cent more carbon dioxide in the ...
Introduction and Oveview - World Health Organization
... Most predict a small benefit, little change, or slight harm to the North Most predict varying degrees of harm in the South Most thus predict increased global inequality ...
... Most predict a small benefit, little change, or slight harm to the North Most predict varying degrees of harm in the South Most thus predict increased global inequality ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.