High Flows and Freshet Timing in Canada: Observed Trends CCRR
... The frequency and timing of flood events strongly contributes to the fundamental nature of rivers and is a key determinant of freshwater biodiversity, life history characteristics, ecological traits of stream organisms, and physical processes in streams (Poff et al. 1997, Bunn and Arthington 2002). ...
... The frequency and timing of flood events strongly contributes to the fundamental nature of rivers and is a key determinant of freshwater biodiversity, life history characteristics, ecological traits of stream organisms, and physical processes in streams (Poff et al. 1997, Bunn and Arthington 2002). ...
Heat and drought 2003 in Europe: a climate synthesis
... days is expected to continue to increase during the 21st century [11,32]. Human influence has at least doubled (confidence level > 90%) the risk of a heat wave like that of 2003 [34]. It is highly probable that the same persistent anticyclonic conditions as in 2003 would not have brought such high t ...
... days is expected to continue to increase during the 21st century [11,32]. Human influence has at least doubled (confidence level > 90%) the risk of a heat wave like that of 2003 [34]. It is highly probable that the same persistent anticyclonic conditions as in 2003 would not have brought such high t ...
Ethics, equity and the economics of climate change. Paper 1: science and philosophy: Working Paper 84a (568 kB) (opens in new window)
... This paper starts with the science which tells us that this is a problem of risk management on an immense scale; business-as-usual implies risks of temperatures not seen on the planet for tens of millions of years, with consequences that could lead to the movement of hundreds of millions of people a ...
... This paper starts with the science which tells us that this is a problem of risk management on an immense scale; business-as-usual implies risks of temperatures not seen on the planet for tens of millions of years, with consequences that could lead to the movement of hundreds of millions of people a ...
Regional Climate Messages for West Africa
... The climate across West Africa varies from arid to tropical monsoon conditions. The region’s climate is mainly influenced by large scale seasonal atmospheric patterns and the warm waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures are relatively high throughout the year and the majority of the regi ...
... The climate across West Africa varies from arid to tropical monsoon conditions. The region’s climate is mainly influenced by large scale seasonal atmospheric patterns and the warm waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures are relatively high throughout the year and the majority of the regi ...
Moana Ola Pasifika Public Health Network Submission on New
... facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change contribution under the UNFCCC. We refer to the information contained in the discussion document and in the government’s recent Sixth National Communication to the UNFCCC. 16 New Zealand’s post-2020 target fo ...
... facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change contribution under the UNFCCC. We refer to the information contained in the discussion document and in the government’s recent Sixth National Communication to the UNFCCC. 16 New Zealand’s post-2020 target fo ...
Climate change mitigation related to Tanzanian forests Key factors
... Tanzania, it will imply flying a total distance of ca 9000 stripe-km, which will give a systematic sample of laser data for all of Tanzania. Calibrated with field data from below the flight corridors, one would be able to give a national biomass estimate for the whole of Tanzania in less than one ye ...
... Tanzania, it will imply flying a total distance of ca 9000 stripe-km, which will give a systematic sample of laser data for all of Tanzania. Calibrated with field data from below the flight corridors, one would be able to give a national biomass estimate for the whole of Tanzania in less than one ye ...
Vulnerability of land cover and land use due to progress of
... benefits" (Bala et al., 2007; Bonan, 2008). Forests have a lower albedo than crops (e.g. coniferous forests: 0.14 vs. crops: 0.24; Breuer et al., 2003). In addition, evergreen coniferous forest canopy masks highly reflective winter snow cover. Consequently, the lower albedo of forest cover may cause ...
... benefits" (Bala et al., 2007; Bonan, 2008). Forests have a lower albedo than crops (e.g. coniferous forests: 0.14 vs. crops: 0.24; Breuer et al., 2003). In addition, evergreen coniferous forest canopy masks highly reflective winter snow cover. Consequently, the lower albedo of forest cover may cause ...
Introduction: Humidity and Climate Change
... However, this and cloud development depends on many other factors such as atmospheric T, RH, stability, circulation and availability of condensation nuclei. Observed changes have been found in cloud amount, height and optical properties such as depth, liquid water content and opacity (Cess et al., 2 ...
... However, this and cloud development depends on many other factors such as atmospheric T, RH, stability, circulation and availability of condensation nuclei. Observed changes have been found in cloud amount, height and optical properties such as depth, liquid water content and opacity (Cess et al., 2 ...
Revenue Recycling and the Costs of Reducing Carbon Emissions
... valid. However, recent analysis suggests that the overall impact of a carbon tax is most likely to increase rather than decrease the costs associated with the tax system. Pre-existing distortions created by the tax system raise, rather than lower, the overall costs involved. The crucial flaw in the ...
... valid. However, recent analysis suggests that the overall impact of a carbon tax is most likely to increase rather than decrease the costs associated with the tax system. Pre-existing distortions created by the tax system raise, rather than lower, the overall costs involved. The crucial flaw in the ...
Ethics and Global Climate Change* Stephen M
... the terms used to describe it: from ‘greenhouse effect’ to ‘global warming’ to the more recently favored ‘climate change’.6 To begin with, many people spoke of ‘the greenhouse effect’. This refers to the basic physical mechanism behind projected changes in the climate system.7 Some atmospheric gases ...
... the terms used to describe it: from ‘greenhouse effect’ to ‘global warming’ to the more recently favored ‘climate change’.6 To begin with, many people spoke of ‘the greenhouse effect’. This refers to the basic physical mechanism behind projected changes in the climate system.7 Some atmospheric gases ...
The Short-Term Temptations and Long
... From a modern perspective, however, some of the outcomes of Carson’s work were less successful. Carson’s broader claims with regard to pesticide use have largely been seen as exaggerated: in particular, claims of chemicals destroying nature and entire ecosystems and the desire to ban bad actors outr ...
... From a modern perspective, however, some of the outcomes of Carson’s work were less successful. Carson’s broader claims with regard to pesticide use have largely been seen as exaggerated: in particular, claims of chemicals destroying nature and entire ecosystems and the desire to ban bad actors outr ...
Probabilistic projections of climate change over China - HAL-Insu
... Probabilistic projection of climate change consists of formulating the climate change information in a probabilistic manner at either global or regional scale. This can produce useful results for studies of the impact of climate change impact and change mitigation. In the present study, a simple yet ...
... Probabilistic projection of climate change consists of formulating the climate change information in a probabilistic manner at either global or regional scale. This can produce useful results for studies of the impact of climate change impact and change mitigation. In the present study, a simple yet ...
Heat Turn Down the Confronting
... under different warming scenarios in Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and South Asia, and which warned that we could experience a 2°C world in our lifetime. Many of the worst projected climate impacts outlined in this latest report could still be avoided by holding warming below 2°C. But, this wi ...
... under different warming scenarios in Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and South Asia, and which warned that we could experience a 2°C world in our lifetime. Many of the worst projected climate impacts outlined in this latest report could still be avoided by holding warming below 2°C. But, this wi ...
a pre-publication version here.
... the planet,” just to spare lay publics rather appropriate anxiety? Existing research suggests otherwise. While neither alarmism nor Pollyannaism seem to yield desired results, wise integration of strategies may well result in greater engagement. First, communication that affirms rather than threate ...
... the planet,” just to spare lay publics rather appropriate anxiety? Existing research suggests otherwise. While neither alarmism nor Pollyannaism seem to yield desired results, wise integration of strategies may well result in greater engagement. First, communication that affirms rather than threate ...
Contributions to the management of Chancay
... anthropogenic activities; however, since the industrial revolution, human activities have, been taking some affectation at a global level in the environment. Today, environmental problems are a major concern of humankind, as result of evidence in the effects of increased greenhouse gases (GHG) emiss ...
... anthropogenic activities; however, since the industrial revolution, human activities have, been taking some affectation at a global level in the environment. Today, environmental problems are a major concern of humankind, as result of evidence in the effects of increased greenhouse gases (GHG) emiss ...
A multi-century ice-core perspective on 20th
... temperature, determine the seasonal d18O cycle over Quelccaya. They did not address the longer-term relationship between d18O and Ta in the tropics that appears consistent with that in the higher latitudes (more negative d18O implies colder Ta at condensation). Thompson and others (2000) suggest tha ...
... temperature, determine the seasonal d18O cycle over Quelccaya. They did not address the longer-term relationship between d18O and Ta in the tropics that appears consistent with that in the higher latitudes (more negative d18O implies colder Ta at condensation). Thompson and others (2000) suggest tha ...
Module β1
... Bolded impact categories are those covered in this module These are only some of the possible impact categories in LCA ...
... Bolded impact categories are those covered in this module These are only some of the possible impact categories in LCA ...
Workshop report, 22-23 April 2010
... of forests, the indigenous, woodlands and plantations. Hence different approaches are used to manage these different types of forests. The issue of how to minimize GHGs both in the long term and short term was addressed though looking at two possible options for mitigation – where it was highlighted ...
... of forests, the indigenous, woodlands and plantations. Hence different approaches are used to manage these different types of forests. The issue of how to minimize GHGs both in the long term and short term was addressed though looking at two possible options for mitigation – where it was highlighted ...
Supplementary Information - Stockholm Resilience Centre
... p. 149). The authors acknowledge that they used a very optimistic estimate, namely that in 1970 the half-life of aggregate pollution was one year. Comparing this approach with the planetary boundaries concept, there are several major differences. Beside the very high level of aggregation of the var ...
... p. 149). The authors acknowledge that they used a very optimistic estimate, namely that in 1970 the half-life of aggregate pollution was one year. Comparing this approach with the planetary boundaries concept, there are several major differences. Beside the very high level of aggregation of the var ...
Rapid Climate Change Report
... we have seen the most conclusive evidence yet that the climate’s current warming trend is directly linked to human activity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has effectively closed the debate, and the latest science suggests that change will take place faster than previously thought. At ...
... we have seen the most conclusive evidence yet that the climate’s current warming trend is directly linked to human activity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has effectively closed the debate, and the latest science suggests that change will take place faster than previously thought. At ...
Climate, Glaciers and Permafrost in the Swiss Alps
... mitigation and adaptation measures must be planned. This primarily requires early and realistic anticipation of future developments and potential system reactions. The time scale to be considered involves several coming decades. As a consequence, rapid action is necessary. With modern digital terrai ...
... mitigation and adaptation measures must be planned. This primarily requires early and realistic anticipation of future developments and potential system reactions. The time scale to be considered involves several coming decades. As a consequence, rapid action is necessary. With modern digital terrai ...
The COP19Guide to Corporate Lobbying
... fuel) power plants, and transport it to sites for “permanent” storage by injecting it into underground geographical formations. CCS technology is not expected to be ready before 2020 and not on a commercial scale before 2030, yet it is being aggressively pushed by the fossil fuel industry as the pan ...
... fuel) power plants, and transport it to sites for “permanent” storage by injecting it into underground geographical formations. CCS technology is not expected to be ready before 2020 and not on a commercial scale before 2030, yet it is being aggressively pushed by the fossil fuel industry as the pan ...
A multi-century ice-core perspective on 20th
... temperature, determine the seasonal d18O cycle over Quelccaya. They did not address the longer-term relationship between d18O and Ta in the tropics that appears consistent with that in the higher latitudes (more negative d18O implies colder Ta at condensation). Thompson and others (2000) suggest tha ...
... temperature, determine the seasonal d18O cycle over Quelccaya. They did not address the longer-term relationship between d18O and Ta in the tropics that appears consistent with that in the higher latitudes (more negative d18O implies colder Ta at condensation). Thompson and others (2000) suggest tha ...
Modeling the Monsoons in a Changing Climate
... temperature and atmospheric moisture content are inherently related the obvious question is how the global hydrological cycle will respond to changes in temperature. Observations over the last 1000 years indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) amount has increased by 25% since the industrial revolution, ...
... temperature and atmospheric moisture content are inherently related the obvious question is how the global hydrological cycle will respond to changes in temperature. Observations over the last 1000 years indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) amount has increased by 25% since the industrial revolution, ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.