Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate
... are calculated using the climate of the Control simulation. The difference between this simulation and the Control one isolates the impact of CO2 increase only on land. [17] The difference in simulated uptakes between the Coupled Scenario run and the Fertilization run are primarily due to climate ch ...
... are calculated using the climate of the Control simulation. The difference between this simulation and the Control one isolates the impact of CO2 increase only on land. [17] The difference in simulated uptakes between the Coupled Scenario run and the Fertilization run are primarily due to climate ch ...
Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to
... of the Americas, the Mediterranean, the Baltic, small-island regions, Asian megadeltas and other low-lying coastal urban areas. Ocean acidification has decreased seawater pH by 0.1 units in the last 200 years and models predict a further reduction of 0.3-0.5 pH units over the next 100 years. The imp ...
... of the Americas, the Mediterranean, the Baltic, small-island regions, Asian megadeltas and other low-lying coastal urban areas. Ocean acidification has decreased seawater pH by 0.1 units in the last 200 years and models predict a further reduction of 0.3-0.5 pH units over the next 100 years. The imp ...
Agenda Setting and Issue Definition at the Micro Level: Giving
... (Takahashi & Meisner, 2012). In March 2009, and more recently in August 2010, the committee was formally modified to incorporate most of the organizations and sectors involved in the issue. Finally, in December 2010, the Ministry of the Environment presented the Mitigation and Adaptation Action Plan ...
... (Takahashi & Meisner, 2012). In March 2009, and more recently in August 2010, the committee was formally modified to incorporate most of the organizations and sectors involved in the issue. Finally, in December 2010, the Ministry of the Environment presented the Mitigation and Adaptation Action Plan ...
The Polar Atmosphere: Forecasts from climate and - MNA
... pressure for models with (red) and without (blue) ozone forcing. The thick red line is a 10-year low-pass filtered version of the mean. The grey shading represents the intermodel spread at the 95% confi dence level. [IPCC, 2007] ...
... pressure for models with (red) and without (blue) ozone forcing. The thick red line is a 10-year low-pass filtered version of the mean. The grey shading represents the intermodel spread at the 95% confi dence level. [IPCC, 2007] ...
Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse
... enumerated in the endangerment finding—PFCs and SF6—are not present within motor vehicle emissions. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA was the catalyst for these findings. The International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA) and eighteen other environmentally centered org ...
... enumerated in the endangerment finding—PFCs and SF6—are not present within motor vehicle emissions. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA was the catalyst for these findings. The International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA) and eighteen other environmentally centered org ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... Building simulations of a small commercial, non air conditioned property in London for possible climate change conditions in the 2050s found that temperatures would be outside established “comfort levels” for 23% of working hours. A conventional response to this would be to install more air conditio ...
... Building simulations of a small commercial, non air conditioned property in London for possible climate change conditions in the 2050s found that temperatures would be outside established “comfort levels” for 23% of working hours. A conventional response to this would be to install more air conditio ...
Potential effects of climate change and rising CO2 on ecosystem
... precipitation, although the effect of rising CO2 on leaf stomatal conductance should at least partially offset this effect (Medlyn et al. 2001). Limits on soil nitrogen (N) availability may constrain growth in forests that would otherwise stimulated by rising CO2 or temperature (e.g., Luo et al. 200 ...
... precipitation, although the effect of rising CO2 on leaf stomatal conductance should at least partially offset this effect (Medlyn et al. 2001). Limits on soil nitrogen (N) availability may constrain growth in forests that would otherwise stimulated by rising CO2 or temperature (e.g., Luo et al. 200 ...
Assessing the Crop Growing Period According to the Climate Change
... To conduct this study, we used daily precipitation data, and the maximum and minimum temperatures, of eleven weather stations located inside (6 stations) and outside (5 stations) the study area (Figure 1). These data derive from a database of climate forecasts available on the Spanish State Meteorol ...
... To conduct this study, we used daily precipitation data, and the maximum and minimum temperatures, of eleven weather stations located inside (6 stations) and outside (5 stations) the study area (Figure 1). These data derive from a database of climate forecasts available on the Spanish State Meteorol ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on London
... Building simulations of a small commercial, non air conditioned property in London for possible climate change conditions in the 2050s found that temperatures would be outside established “comfort levels” for 23% of working hours. A conventional response to this would be to install more air conditio ...
... Building simulations of a small commercial, non air conditioned property in London for possible climate change conditions in the 2050s found that temperatures would be outside established “comfort levels” for 23% of working hours. A conventional response to this would be to install more air conditio ...
What does it mean to be carbon neutral?
... A definition “Carbon neutrality refers to the calculation of an entity’s total carbon release as zero, brought about by balancing the amount of carbon it releases with the amount it offsets. Offsetting describes the practice of removing carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere by funding carbon ...
... A definition “Carbon neutrality refers to the calculation of an entity’s total carbon release as zero, brought about by balancing the amount of carbon it releases with the amount it offsets. Offsetting describes the practice of removing carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere by funding carbon ...
Governing Climate Change in the Mediterranean: Fragmentation in
... coastal Middle Eastern countries (except for ...
... coastal Middle Eastern countries (except for ...
impacts and cross-border effects on the environment
... area were matched with the proposed Specific Objectives (SOs) and actions planned by the Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) Programme. SOs with potential positive or negative effects on an environmental objective were then identified. Secondly, SEA experts estimated the effect’s intensity according to a ...
... area were matched with the proposed Specific Objectives (SOs) and actions planned by the Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) Programme. SOs with potential positive or negative effects on an environmental objective were then identified. Secondly, SEA experts estimated the effect’s intensity according to a ...
Impact of Climate Change on the Coastal Areas of
... These GHGs prevent the heat from immediately escaping into space. The part of the atmosphere that is closest to the earth’s surface warms, resulting in Global Warming. ...
... These GHGs prevent the heat from immediately escaping into space. The part of the atmosphere that is closest to the earth’s surface warms, resulting in Global Warming. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES John Whalley Working Paper 17498
... production and consumption of goods both internally and will do so globally, but these costs may be justified by the benefits of the higher emissions reduction achieved in their absence. I finally note that the unilateral commitments that have been made by both developed and developing countries, bo ...
... production and consumption of goods both internally and will do so globally, but these costs may be justified by the benefits of the higher emissions reduction achieved in their absence. I finally note that the unilateral commitments that have been made by both developed and developing countries, bo ...
Climate Change: Kyoto Protocol and International Actions
... Emissions Trading. Emissions trading is one of three “flexibility” mechanisms contained in the Kyoto Protocol (article 17).3 Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries are given greenhouse gas emissions “budgets” (or emissions “caps”) for the compliance period 2008-2012 based on a percentage of t ...
... Emissions Trading. Emissions trading is one of three “flexibility” mechanisms contained in the Kyoto Protocol (article 17).3 Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries are given greenhouse gas emissions “budgets” (or emissions “caps”) for the compliance period 2008-2012 based on a percentage of t ...
Impacts of climate change on temperature and evaporation from a
... changing climate. In fact, there are indications that the meteorological factors involved in the process of evaporation will be significantly affected as a result of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The 2007 Australian Climate Change Report by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Res ...
... changing climate. In fact, there are indications that the meteorological factors involved in the process of evaporation will be significantly affected as a result of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The 2007 Australian Climate Change Report by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Res ...
PDF
... transfer damages or benefits from one region to another. Such information is important to policy makers. To design workable international treaties, negotiators need to know not only the total magnitude of any economic benefits or damages that might be incurred under global climatic change, but also ...
... transfer damages or benefits from one region to another. Such information is important to policy makers. To design workable international treaties, negotiators need to know not only the total magnitude of any economic benefits or damages that might be incurred under global climatic change, but also ...
The Kyoto Protocol and International Actions
... Emissions Trading. Emissions trading is one of three “flexibility” mechanisms contained in the Kyoto Protocol (article 17).3 Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries are given greenhouse gas emissions “budgets” (or emissions “caps”) for the compliance period 2008-2012 based on a percentage of t ...
... Emissions Trading. Emissions trading is one of three “flexibility” mechanisms contained in the Kyoto Protocol (article 17).3 Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries are given greenhouse gas emissions “budgets” (or emissions “caps”) for the compliance period 2008-2012 based on a percentage of t ...
Now more than ever: The need for more societally
... geographic focus include the following: (a) recent experiences with climatic extremes in highly developed nations (such as the extreme heat wave of 2003 in Europe, Hurricane Katrina in the US in 2005, the extensive drought in Australia in 2007); (b) much less adaptation being observed in developed n ...
... geographic focus include the following: (a) recent experiences with climatic extremes in highly developed nations (such as the extreme heat wave of 2003 in Europe, Hurricane Katrina in the US in 2005, the extensive drought in Australia in 2007); (b) much less adaptation being observed in developed n ...
Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on
... and the main crops are spring cereals, but at the upper reaches of the catchment there is also some cabbage cultivation (about 3% of the area). Farmers in the area are interested in different environmentally sound cultivation methods, such as catch crops, crop rotation and maintaining soil structure ...
... and the main crops are spring cereals, but at the upper reaches of the catchment there is also some cabbage cultivation (about 3% of the area). Farmers in the area are interested in different environmentally sound cultivation methods, such as catch crops, crop rotation and maintaining soil structure ...
- Wiley Online Library
... et al., 2013). Depending on the emission scenario, projections of oceanic warming under the moderate greenhouse gas growth scenario predict an increase in global average sea surface temperature ranging from about 1 °C (RCP2.6) to more than 3 °C (RCP8.5) for the period 2081–2100, relative to the peri ...
... et al., 2013). Depending on the emission scenario, projections of oceanic warming under the moderate greenhouse gas growth scenario predict an increase in global average sea surface temperature ranging from about 1 °C (RCP2.6) to more than 3 °C (RCP8.5) for the period 2081–2100, relative to the peri ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Amphibian
... these environmental changes, they may experience increased mortality and significant sublethal effects. Additionally, a number of scientists suggested that global warming and ozone depletion will affect entire ecological communities [13-15]. It is now abundantly clear that the Earth’s climate is cha ...
... these environmental changes, they may experience increased mortality and significant sublethal effects. Additionally, a number of scientists suggested that global warming and ozone depletion will affect entire ecological communities [13-15]. It is now abundantly clear that the Earth’s climate is cha ...
Perception and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile
... experienced farmers are more likely to perceive climate change (Maddison 2006; Ishaya & Abaje 2008). The degree of education of the head of household is also hypothesized to be positively related to awareness of climate change. Access to information on climate change through extension agents or othe ...
... experienced farmers are more likely to perceive climate change (Maddison 2006; Ishaya & Abaje 2008). The degree of education of the head of household is also hypothesized to be positively related to awareness of climate change. Access to information on climate change through extension agents or othe ...
Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities
... an important role if they can increase the per-capita reproductive output for any given population density. Species introduced from warmer regions to temperate areas have, until recently, been constrained by too short a growing season, which prevented several species from becoming naturalized; for e ...
... an important role if they can increase the per-capita reproductive output for any given population density. Species introduced from warmer regions to temperate areas have, until recently, been constrained by too short a growing season, which prevented several species from becoming naturalized; for e ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.