NF3, the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto
... greenhouse gas. (The updated 20-yr GWP is 12,200, and 500-yr GWP is 18,700.) [6] The new lifetimes for CFC-11, -12, and -113 are very close to the reference lifetimes, but those for -114 and -115 are shorter by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. The cause of such large differences is not obvious. The ...
... greenhouse gas. (The updated 20-yr GWP is 12,200, and 500-yr GWP is 18,700.) [6] The new lifetimes for CFC-11, -12, and -113 are very close to the reference lifetimes, but those for -114 and -115 are shorter by factors of 2 and 3, respectively. The cause of such large differences is not obvious. The ...
People as sensors: Mass media and local temperature influence
... respondents reported a multi-decadal trend of increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall, which affected their crops. From a large survey of farmers from ten countries in different parts of Africa, Maddison (2007, p. 22) found that many of them have already noticed that the temperatures have in ...
... respondents reported a multi-decadal trend of increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall, which affected their crops. From a large survey of farmers from ten countries in different parts of Africa, Maddison (2007, p. 22) found that many of them have already noticed that the temperatures have in ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Forest Resources and Climate Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy. 5 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA. 6 Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst- ...
... Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Forest Resources and Climate Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy. 5 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA. 6 Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst- ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Australia
... be considered.13 The Australian Government recognises that a global deal on emissions reductions consistent with stabilising greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2e or lower is in Australia’s national interest. This would be consistent with limiting global warming to around 2°C. However, Australia needs to ...
... be considered.13 The Australian Government recognises that a global deal on emissions reductions consistent with stabilising greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2e or lower is in Australia’s national interest. This would be consistent with limiting global warming to around 2°C. However, Australia needs to ...
170-179
... Abstract: Pakistan’s economy heavily relies on agriculture sector which accounts for a quarter of its GDP and employs two-fifths of total labourforce. Pakistan is located in a semiarid to arid region where rainfall is very low. The agriculture mainly depends on the Indus River System (IRS) for ninet ...
... Abstract: Pakistan’s economy heavily relies on agriculture sector which accounts for a quarter of its GDP and employs two-fifths of total labourforce. Pakistan is located in a semiarid to arid region where rainfall is very low. The agriculture mainly depends on the Indus River System (IRS) for ninet ...
Population and Climate Change - American Philosophical Society
... is likely to have even higher proportions of elderly, especially in developing countries, because adult migrants from rural areas to cities are disproportionately young adults. How Does and Will the Human Population Affect Climate Changes? Humans alter the climate by emitting greenhouse gases, by al ...
... is likely to have even higher proportions of elderly, especially in developing countries, because adult migrants from rural areas to cities are disproportionately young adults. How Does and Will the Human Population Affect Climate Changes? Humans alter the climate by emitting greenhouse gases, by al ...
On the Chopping Block - Allegheny Highlands Climate Change
... Summer stream temperatures in the Highlands are increasingly in that zone of caution. A summer heat wave may increase water temperature over 74°F for a week or more. While such a temperature spike might have a small impact on a stream’s annual average water temperature, it can cause the local extirp ...
... Summer stream temperatures in the Highlands are increasingly in that zone of caution. A summer heat wave may increase water temperature over 74°F for a week or more. While such a temperature spike might have a small impact on a stream’s annual average water temperature, it can cause the local extirp ...
Alliance of Small Island States
... Climate change is high on the government’s agenda in the UK and the country is using an increasing amount of renewable energy, especially wind power. Many low lying parts of England, including London itself, are already at risk from flooding and rising sealevels. Also, rising temperatures could lead ...
... Climate change is high on the government’s agenda in the UK and the country is using an increasing amount of renewable energy, especially wind power. Many low lying parts of England, including London itself, are already at risk from flooding and rising sealevels. Also, rising temperatures could lead ...
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate - Recent Research Results
... net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are considered to have a very low LOSU. Volcanic aerosols contrib ...
... net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are considered to have a very low LOSU. Volcanic aerosols contrib ...
1 WEATHER AND CLIMATE SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE LAKE
... information users in many climate sensitive sectors 1 of society on the other. In the past, ‘climate services’ that embrace past, present and future climate information, assessment and advice on climaterelated issues have somewhat developed as an extension of weather se ...
... information users in many climate sensitive sectors 1 of society on the other. In the past, ‘climate services’ that embrace past, present and future climate information, assessment and advice on climaterelated issues have somewhat developed as an extension of weather se ...
CARE brief on the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction
... aiming at economic, social, cultural and environmental measures. The recognition of the relationship between disaster risk, climate change and ecosystems is essential. The degradation of ecosystems is a major driver of risks, while at the same time, healthy ecosystems ecosystems are recognized as an ...
... aiming at economic, social, cultural and environmental measures. The recognition of the relationship between disaster risk, climate change and ecosystems is essential. The degradation of ecosystems is a major driver of risks, while at the same time, healthy ecosystems ecosystems are recognized as an ...
1 - QUBES Hub
... o Describe the ecological consequences of shifting plant and animal phenology (Comprehension) o Understand how interactions between species as well as with their abiotic environment affect community structure and species diversity (Knowledge, Comprehension) o Evaluate data “cherry-picking” as a clim ...
... o Describe the ecological consequences of shifting plant and animal phenology (Comprehension) o Understand how interactions between species as well as with their abiotic environment affect community structure and species diversity (Knowledge, Comprehension) o Evaluate data “cherry-picking” as a clim ...
China, the United States and the European Union: Multiple
... recent years is the redefinition of power relations that has emerged since the 2009 Copenhagen summit. In the run-up to a potential new climate deal at the 2015 Paris summit, a new climate change diplomacy may be emerging among three actors that are in many respects the most powerful and influential ...
... recent years is the redefinition of power relations that has emerged since the 2009 Copenhagen summit. In the run-up to a potential new climate deal at the 2015 Paris summit, a new climate change diplomacy may be emerging among three actors that are in many respects the most powerful and influential ...
Full Report
... enough to allow renegotiation as conditions change. ■ Large savings, on the order of trillions of dollars, are available from distributing international abatement efficiently rather than using naive allocations like holding regional emissions at current levels: these savings may be particularly larg ...
... enough to allow renegotiation as conditions change. ■ Large savings, on the order of trillions of dollars, are available from distributing international abatement efficiently rather than using naive allocations like holding regional emissions at current levels: these savings may be particularly larg ...
Dietz et al. 2007. Support for CC Policy
... Dunlap 1998). In ten Gallup surveys between the years 1989 and 2003, typically less than one-third of Americans said they worried about global warming a ‘‘great deal’’ (Brechin 2003). In addition, Americans tend to rank climate change low among environmental and other healthrelated concerns (Brechin ...
... Dunlap 1998). In ten Gallup surveys between the years 1989 and 2003, typically less than one-third of Americans said they worried about global warming a ‘‘great deal’’ (Brechin 2003). In addition, Americans tend to rank climate change low among environmental and other healthrelated concerns (Brechin ...
PDF
... commodities. The variation in regional production adjustment follows the variation in yield changes induced by climate change (Figure 1). This adjustment follows the strong local specificity of climate change. For example, Figure 2 to Figure 5 report simulated production changes for cereals and oils ...
... commodities. The variation in regional production adjustment follows the variation in yield changes induced by climate change (Figure 1). This adjustment follows the strong local specificity of climate change. For example, Figure 2 to Figure 5 report simulated production changes for cereals and oils ...
The International Climate Change Regime: The Road from Copenhagen
... countries is hard enough, without giving opponents an effective veto over any agreement. Operationalizing the Copenhagen Accord Given the problems with the UNFCCC process, a second option would be to proceed separately under the auspices of the Copenhagen Accord. The countries that have associated t ...
... countries is hard enough, without giving opponents an effective veto over any agreement. Operationalizing the Copenhagen Accord Given the problems with the UNFCCC process, a second option would be to proceed separately under the auspices of the Copenhagen Accord. The countries that have associated t ...
Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems
... Examples of specific benefits and related EbA measures are (based on IUCN, 2009; 2010a; World Bank, 2010): Water storage and flood control e.g. through the sustainable management of river basins, aquifers, and their associated vegetation; Livelihood sustenance and food security through the dive ...
... Examples of specific benefits and related EbA measures are (based on IUCN, 2009; 2010a; World Bank, 2010): Water storage and flood control e.g. through the sustainable management of river basins, aquifers, and their associated vegetation; Livelihood sustenance and food security through the dive ...
Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation
... is a critical factor in decisions about migration. Indeed, as has been recently argued in this journal, for its impacts on communities and cultures, wholesale resettlement of populations may often be maladaptive, and should be a strategy of last resort 25. Individuals with a high level of place atta ...
... is a critical factor in decisions about migration. Indeed, as has been recently argued in this journal, for its impacts on communities and cultures, wholesale resettlement of populations may often be maladaptive, and should be a strategy of last resort 25. Individuals with a high level of place atta ...
Republic Act No. 9729
... (l) “Greenhouse gases (GHG)” refers to constituents of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect including, but not limited to, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. (m) “Mainstreaming” refers to the integration of polici ...
... (l) “Greenhouse gases (GHG)” refers to constituents of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect including, but not limited to, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. (m) “Mainstreaming” refers to the integration of polici ...
Quantifying non-cooperative climate engineering
... costs and benefits -two of which depend on N . For N = 1, SRM deployment is the same under the strategic and cooperative cases, and as expected there is no free driving. When N > 1, two effects drive a wedge between the cooperative and strategic solution: the first term in the parenthesis in the den ...
... costs and benefits -two of which depend on N . For N = 1, SRM deployment is the same under the strategic and cooperative cases, and as expected there is no free driving. When N > 1, two effects drive a wedge between the cooperative and strategic solution: the first term in the parenthesis in the den ...
G8 Impact on International Climate Change Negotiations – Good or
... Examples for G8 decisions with wide-ranging impacts on further political developments include, for example, multilateral debt relief initiatives for developing countries. At the 1999 G8 Summit in Cologne/Germany, the G8 committed to the Cologne Debt Initiative of debt relief for heavily indebted dev ...
... Examples for G8 decisions with wide-ranging impacts on further political developments include, for example, multilateral debt relief initiatives for developing countries. At the 1999 G8 Summit in Cologne/Germany, the G8 committed to the Cologne Debt Initiative of debt relief for heavily indebted dev ...
PDF
... environmental changes, together with local economic conditions, will result in significant changes in future land-use (Reilly 1999) and risk management tools used by farmers. Supply and demand of other production inputs, such as labour, water, equipment, energy, etc., will also be affected (Seyoum-E ...
... environmental changes, together with local economic conditions, will result in significant changes in future land-use (Reilly 1999) and risk management tools used by farmers. Supply and demand of other production inputs, such as labour, water, equipment, energy, etc., will also be affected (Seyoum-E ...
Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to
... 4.0-fold, respectively, compared with long-term observations. For species that were common to both study types, the experimental results did not match the observational data in sign or magnitude. The observational data also showed that species that flower earliest in the spring have the highest temp ...
... 4.0-fold, respectively, compared with long-term observations. For species that were common to both study types, the experimental results did not match the observational data in sign or magnitude. The observational data also showed that species that flower earliest in the spring have the highest temp ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.