Climate finance additionality - Overseas Development Institute
... adaptation or mitigation objectives’ overlap. This is certainly a hard cost to assess. In reality, many, if not all developing countries will need to develop and begin to implement low carbon development pathways; this implies that ‘mitigation’ investments and pro-poor growth, poverty reduction, pri ...
... adaptation or mitigation objectives’ overlap. This is certainly a hard cost to assess. In reality, many, if not all developing countries will need to develop and begin to implement low carbon development pathways; this implies that ‘mitigation’ investments and pro-poor growth, poverty reduction, pri ...
Understanding Global Climate Change
... drilled through the Antarctic ice sheet. These data show us that the levels of these so-called “greenhouse” gases have never been higher over the last 800,000 years than they are today (Loulergue et al. 2008; Lüthi et al. 2008). Numerous studies, beginning with Arrhenius (1896), have established lin ...
... drilled through the Antarctic ice sheet. These data show us that the levels of these so-called “greenhouse” gases have never been higher over the last 800,000 years than they are today (Loulergue et al. 2008; Lüthi et al. 2008). Numerous studies, beginning with Arrhenius (1896), have established lin ...
b) To build capacity to reduce vulnerability to
... 2.2.12 While there will be no obligation on the part of the territories to avail themselves of the opportunity afforded by the project to participate in and benefit from wider regional climate change adaptation activities, consultations to date have clearly indicated that they will wish to do so acc ...
... 2.2.12 While there will be no obligation on the part of the territories to avail themselves of the opportunity afforded by the project to participate in and benefit from wider regional climate change adaptation activities, consultations to date have clearly indicated that they will wish to do so acc ...
Global Change Grand Challenge National Research Plan
... economic activity. Mitigation has been defined as "technological change and substitution that reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit of output … with respect to climate change, mitigation means implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks" (Intergovernmental Prog ...
... economic activity. Mitigation has been defined as "technological change and substitution that reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit of output … with respect to climate change, mitigation means implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks" (Intergovernmental Prog ...
Will Amazonia Dry Out? Magnitude and Causes of Change from
... projections, a dynamic vegetation model VEGAS projects an enhancement of fire risk by 20%–30% in the SAB region. Fire danger reaches its peak in Amazonia during the dry season, and this danger is expected to increase primarily because of the reduction in soil moisture and the decrease in dry season ...
... projections, a dynamic vegetation model VEGAS projects an enhancement of fire risk by 20%–30% in the SAB region. Fire danger reaches its peak in Amazonia during the dry season, and this danger is expected to increase primarily because of the reduction in soil moisture and the decrease in dry season ...
Sahelian climate
... al. (2002) reveals that the intraseasonal migration of rainfall maxima is a discontinuous and nonlinear process with three main phases: (i) the preonset or arrival of the intertropical front (ITF) at 15ºN in May, bringing enough moisture for isolated convective system to develop over the Sahel; (ii) ...
... al. (2002) reveals that the intraseasonal migration of rainfall maxima is a discontinuous and nonlinear process with three main phases: (i) the preonset or arrival of the intertropical front (ITF) at 15ºN in May, bringing enough moisture for isolated convective system to develop over the Sahel; (ii) ...
Presentation for Congressman Bartlett
... itself were coming under threat, it’s not because they are paranoid… It’s because they are paying attention” “It is a painful irony that… most leftists have yet to realize that climate science has handed them the most powerful argument ...
... itself were coming under threat, it’s not because they are paranoid… It’s because they are paying attention” “It is a painful irony that… most leftists have yet to realize that climate science has handed them the most powerful argument ...
Improved Integrated Urban Wastewater System Operational Control
... Operational control optimisation has the potential to improve the quality of water under the considered climate change scenarios. Operational control optimisation under the combined climate change with urbanisation scenarios can improve the water quality indicators to some extent. RD has more ...
... Operational control optimisation has the potential to improve the quality of water under the considered climate change scenarios. Operational control optimisation under the combined climate change with urbanisation scenarios can improve the water quality indicators to some extent. RD has more ...
Forest ecosystem climate change impact assessment and
... altitude of more than 3660 m, which is covered by snow for 5 to 6 mo in a year. Naturally occurring grasses in these alpine pastures or meadows are Festuca, Poa, Lolium, Eragrostis, Danthonia, and Phleum, as well as many forbes, such as Primula, Aremons, Fritillaria, and Gentiana sp. The grasses and ...
... altitude of more than 3660 m, which is covered by snow for 5 to 6 mo in a year. Naturally occurring grasses in these alpine pastures or meadows are Festuca, Poa, Lolium, Eragrostis, Danthonia, and Phleum, as well as many forbes, such as Primula, Aremons, Fritillaria, and Gentiana sp. The grasses and ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... Ifeanyi-obi (2011) described climate change as a canker worm eating up the efforts made by stakeholders in Agricultural sector to enhance Agricultural productivity. According to her, the devastating effects of climate change on agricultural productivity are very significant and as such cannot be neg ...
... Ifeanyi-obi (2011) described climate change as a canker worm eating up the efforts made by stakeholders in Agricultural sector to enhance Agricultural productivity. According to her, the devastating effects of climate change on agricultural productivity are very significant and as such cannot be neg ...
Bronze Age Review
... dark blue shaded bars. The water table record shows original data points (yellow) and 100-year moving average (thick red line). Redrawn with permission from Charman et al. (2006). ...
... dark blue shaded bars. The water table record shows original data points (yellow) and 100-year moving average (thick red line). Redrawn with permission from Charman et al. (2006). ...
CARIBSAVE Climate Change Risk Profile for Jamaica
... The agriculture sector represents a critical component of Jamaica’s national development as an important contributor to GDP, employment, foreign exchange earnings and rural livelihoods. Climate change impacts are already being observed in the Jamaican agricultural sector, resulting in lower yields d ...
... The agriculture sector represents a critical component of Jamaica’s national development as an important contributor to GDP, employment, foreign exchange earnings and rural livelihoods. Climate change impacts are already being observed in the Jamaican agricultural sector, resulting in lower yields d ...
EEA / ETC ACM project on emission scenarios
... AP and GHG: often same emission sources: efforts to control one group of pollutant can lead to benefits and disadvantages (SOER (2010), air pollution) ...
... AP and GHG: often same emission sources: efforts to control one group of pollutant can lead to benefits and disadvantages (SOER (2010), air pollution) ...
The atmospheric water cycle How will it change in a
... Given favorable atmospheric condition we suggest the ideas put forward by Emanuel and Holland comparing a hurricane with a Carnot cycle can be ...
... Given favorable atmospheric condition we suggest the ideas put forward by Emanuel and Holland comparing a hurricane with a Carnot cycle can be ...
Will environmental changes reinforce the forest border of central North America?
... Figure 1. Prairie–forest border in central North America (thick black line). Forest cover shown in green, non-forest is white, and water is black. Modified from DeFries et al. (2000). ...
... Figure 1. Prairie–forest border in central North America (thick black line). Forest cover shown in green, non-forest is white, and water is black. Modified from DeFries et al. (2000). ...
Sensitivity of Crop Water Need to 2071–95
... Climatic variability and trends have already been documented for the Caribbean, and such studies generally support predictions of a warmer, drier Caribbean climate in the future (Nurse and Sem 2001). Peterson et al. (Peterson et al. 2002), for example, report a statistically significant warming tren ...
... Climatic variability and trends have already been documented for the Caribbean, and such studies generally support predictions of a warmer, drier Caribbean climate in the future (Nurse and Sem 2001). Peterson et al. (Peterson et al. 2002), for example, report a statistically significant warming tren ...
Strategic Plan - Department of Environmental Affairs
... The MRV of AFOLU will evolve as part of the (web-based) national climate change response M&E 4 system to track economy wide emissions. The legislative mandate for DEA to develop and implement the M&E system is outlined in Section 12 of the NCCRP. Section 10 of the NCCRP outlines how the DEA should c ...
... The MRV of AFOLU will evolve as part of the (web-based) national climate change response M&E 4 system to track economy wide emissions. The legislative mandate for DEA to develop and implement the M&E system is outlined in Section 12 of the NCCRP. Section 10 of the NCCRP outlines how the DEA should c ...
Carbon Trading – Glossary
... Gold Standard based in Basel, Switzerland, is a foundation, a project development method, and a credit label. Endorsed by 42 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide, it offers a quality label to CDM/JI and voluntary GHG offset projects. It issues credits in the voluntary market but only cove ...
... Gold Standard based in Basel, Switzerland, is a foundation, a project development method, and a credit label. Endorsed by 42 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide, it offers a quality label to CDM/JI and voluntary GHG offset projects. It issues credits in the voluntary market but only cove ...
Population Growth, Urbanization, and Future Wildfire Risks W
... framework developed by the climate research community to represent plausible trends in the evolution of social and natural systems in the 21st century (Jiang 2014). The SSPs include qualitative narratives and quantitative projections of the key elements of five different development pathways, under ...
... framework developed by the climate research community to represent plausible trends in the evolution of social and natural systems in the 21st century (Jiang 2014). The SSPs include qualitative narratives and quantitative projections of the key elements of five different development pathways, under ...
Anthropogenic Effects on the Arctic
... •Climate change has caused habitat extent to shrink, which limits the spatial adaptability of species. In addition, the abundance and diversity of species in the Arctic is being affected by their limiting accessibility to resources. •Projected decrease in sea-ice extent and thickness will result in ...
... •Climate change has caused habitat extent to shrink, which limits the spatial adaptability of species. In addition, the abundance and diversity of species in the Arctic is being affected by their limiting accessibility to resources. •Projected decrease in sea-ice extent and thickness will result in ...
Role of Ocean in Global Warming - J
... in a quasi-equilibrium state, the control experiment used the normal concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (i.e., 300 ppm by volume), which does not change with time. In the other experiment, the CO2 concentration was increased by 1% per year (compounded), doubling its value by year 70. The ra ...
... in a quasi-equilibrium state, the control experiment used the normal concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (i.e., 300 ppm by volume), which does not change with time. In the other experiment, the CO2 concentration was increased by 1% per year (compounded), doubling its value by year 70. The ra ...
PDF
... There are a number of cost-benefit models that calculate the so-called ‗social cost of carbon‘, which generally refers to the expected present value damage of a (metric) tonne of CO2 emissions along a particular path (e.g. business-as-usual). Examples include Nordhaus and Boyer (1999), Cline (1992), ...
... There are a number of cost-benefit models that calculate the so-called ‗social cost of carbon‘, which generally refers to the expected present value damage of a (metric) tonne of CO2 emissions along a particular path (e.g. business-as-usual). Examples include Nordhaus and Boyer (1999), Cline (1992), ...
Social and cultural issues raised by climate change in Pacific Island
... the global climate system passes certain ‘tipping points’ where abrupt changes occur, such as irreversible melting of the Greenland ice shelf or bulk release of methane from permafrost regions. The increases in temperature required for this to happen (*4 C) are consistent with IPCC projections of t ...
... the global climate system passes certain ‘tipping points’ where abrupt changes occur, such as irreversible melting of the Greenland ice shelf or bulk release of methane from permafrost regions. The increases in temperature required for this to happen (*4 C) are consistent with IPCC projections of t ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.