Two degrees of separation: ambition and reality
... has missed the decarbonisation target needed to limit global warming to 2˚C. Confronted with the challenge in 2013 of decarbonising at 6% a year, we managed only 1.2%. To avoid two degrees of warming, the global economy now needs to decarbonise at 6.2% a year, more than five times faster than the cu ...
... has missed the decarbonisation target needed to limit global warming to 2˚C. Confronted with the challenge in 2013 of decarbonising at 6% a year, we managed only 1.2%. To avoid two degrees of warming, the global economy now needs to decarbonise at 6.2% a year, more than five times faster than the cu ...
Indigenous Lands, Protected Areas, and Slowing Climate Change Perspective
... distributed transparently to reward those responsible for reducing emissions. In Brazil, indigenous lands currently contribute far more to REDD than parks or nature reserves because they cover three times the area and are often in the immediate path of the expanding agricultural frontier [17]. The s ...
... distributed transparently to reward those responsible for reducing emissions. In Brazil, indigenous lands currently contribute far more to REDD than parks or nature reserves because they cover three times the area and are often in the immediate path of the expanding agricultural frontier [17]. The s ...
Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rising More Rapidly Than Expected?
... When CO2 emissions accumulate in the atmosphere faster than the rate at which they are removed from the atmosphere by “sinks,” atmospheric concentrations rise. Scientists have concluded that the increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) over the past century, due to human activities, is like ...
... When CO2 emissions accumulate in the atmosphere faster than the rate at which they are removed from the atmosphere by “sinks,” atmospheric concentrations rise. Scientists have concluded that the increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) over the past century, due to human activities, is like ...
GCOS - WMO
... the hydrological, energy or carbon cycles to the changing climate? • Are additional ECV needed for mitigation or vulnerability, impacts and adaption studies and planning? • Are the monitoring networks sufficient and delivering data as needed? • Could storage of, and access to, data be improved? • Wh ...
... the hydrological, energy or carbon cycles to the changing climate? • Are additional ECV needed for mitigation or vulnerability, impacts and adaption studies and planning? • Are the monitoring networks sufficient and delivering data as needed? • Could storage of, and access to, data be improved? • Wh ...
PDF
... to be used for compliance purposes.” “Congress should set an overall upper level limit on the use of offsets for compliance in any year of 1.5 billion metric tons domestic and 1.5 billion metric tons international offsets ...
... to be used for compliance purposes.” “Congress should set an overall upper level limit on the use of offsets for compliance in any year of 1.5 billion metric tons domestic and 1.5 billion metric tons international offsets ...
8_ecosystem-models-for-gcc
... analog for corroboration of ERCC models against data from experiments lasting less than ten years. I use three-week projections made with the Farquhar model as the analog to 20-to 200-year projections made with ERCC models. Is this strong corroboration on a seconds-to-minutes time scale (short term) ...
... analog for corroboration of ERCC models against data from experiments lasting less than ten years. I use three-week projections made with the Farquhar model as the analog to 20-to 200-year projections made with ERCC models. Is this strong corroboration on a seconds-to-minutes time scale (short term) ...
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and
... differential of adjacent grid cells, measured in °C km 1. The division cancels the °C units, while units of kilometre in the denominator and the units of year in the numerator swap positions. The resulting variable is a speed or velocity measured in units of kilometres per year, and represents an in ...
... differential of adjacent grid cells, measured in °C km 1. The division cancels the °C units, while units of kilometre in the denominator and the units of year in the numerator swap positions. The resulting variable is a speed or velocity measured in units of kilometres per year, and represents an in ...
File
... that the extinction of the Golden Toad was due to the chytrid fungus that thrived as a result of changes in climate. The available data did not support the hypothesis that climate change alone could drive the spread of pathogens, and therefore this theory was later dismissed (Lips et al., 2008). The ...
... that the extinction of the Golden Toad was due to the chytrid fungus that thrived as a result of changes in climate. The available data did not support the hypothesis that climate change alone could drive the spread of pathogens, and therefore this theory was later dismissed (Lips et al., 2008). The ...
U.S. Global Change Research Program · 1717 Pennsylvania... Washington, D.C. 20006 USA · 1-202-223-6262 (voice) ·...
... Valued at about $200 billion in 2002, many U.S. crops and livestock varieties are grown in diverse climates, regions, and soils. But no matter the region, weather and climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, CO2 concentrations, and water availability directly impact the health and well-be ...
... Valued at about $200 billion in 2002, many U.S. crops and livestock varieties are grown in diverse climates, regions, and soils. But no matter the region, weather and climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, CO2 concentrations, and water availability directly impact the health and well-be ...
The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond: The World After 2012
... be better integrated into the Bank’s general country policy dialogue with developing countries.16 If policy integration is understood in its truest sense, however, the climate impacts of all World Bank policies should be factored into their formulation including policies of energy market deregulatio ...
... be better integrated into the Bank’s general country policy dialogue with developing countries.16 If policy integration is understood in its truest sense, however, the climate impacts of all World Bank policies should be factored into their formulation including policies of energy market deregulatio ...
PDF
... carbon dioxide cannot be measured. The absence of price data means that the Ricardian analysis will underestimate the benefit and overestimate the damage from climate change, although the size of the bias is likely to be small (Mendelsohn and Nordhaus, 1996). Rising carbon dioxide levels are expecte ...
... carbon dioxide cannot be measured. The absence of price data means that the Ricardian analysis will underestimate the benefit and overestimate the damage from climate change, although the size of the bias is likely to be small (Mendelsohn and Nordhaus, 1996). Rising carbon dioxide levels are expecte ...
Initiates file download
... the positions of both conservationists and developers (Schama, 1995: p. 153): “The greenwood was a useful fantasy; the English forest was serious business.” In the century just past, the discussion has remote sensing as an information source (Lefsky et al., 1999a). It is not possible to consider all ...
... the positions of both conservationists and developers (Schama, 1995: p. 153): “The greenwood was a useful fantasy; the English forest was serious business.” In the century just past, the discussion has remote sensing as an information source (Lefsky et al., 1999a). It is not possible to consider all ...
The Hartwell Paper - Eureka
... In Part II(A), we first re‐focus and state our goals. Then in II(B) we sketch the way in which the ‘climate politics’ issue has been framed in the period 1985‐ 2009. Starting narrowly from hypotheses about global warming and climate change as presented to policy makers in the 1980s, the politics o ...
... In Part II(A), we first re‐focus and state our goals. Then in II(B) we sketch the way in which the ‘climate politics’ issue has been framed in the period 1985‐ 2009. Starting narrowly from hypotheses about global warming and climate change as presented to policy makers in the 1980s, the politics o ...
Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible
... Changes in local tropospheric ozone affect Arctic climate by altering local radiation fluxes, while changes in both local and distant ozone amounts can modulate the transport of heat to the polar region (Shindell, 2007). The lifetime of ozone decreases during the summer in the extratropics since pho ...
... Changes in local tropospheric ozone affect Arctic climate by altering local radiation fluxes, while changes in both local and distant ozone amounts can modulate the transport of heat to the polar region (Shindell, 2007). The lifetime of ozone decreases during the summer in the extratropics since pho ...
Future climate change projections for the Latin American region
... A brief indication of how the science of climate modeling may develop in the next five years that could increase knowledge of changes in climate and climate variability in LAC in the decades leading up to the middle of the century. Of particular interest would be aspects that are salient for agricul ...
... A brief indication of how the science of climate modeling may develop in the next five years that could increase knowledge of changes in climate and climate variability in LAC in the decades leading up to the middle of the century. Of particular interest would be aspects that are salient for agricul ...
Is carbon di,oxide a `good` greenhouse gas?
... extinctions,* to the sanguine, in which potential temperature increases are neutralized by negative feedbacks, and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO-J concentrations fertilize plant growth, thereby greatly increasing agricultural productivity and the resiliency of natural habitats.2 Sophisti ...
... extinctions,* to the sanguine, in which potential temperature increases are neutralized by negative feedbacks, and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO-J concentrations fertilize plant growth, thereby greatly increasing agricultural productivity and the resiliency of natural habitats.2 Sophisti ...
What Do Editorial Cartoons about the 21st United
... acceleration “along the path towards low-carbon economic growth.”23 As Alain Guillemoles, economic observer for French national newspaper La Croix, pointed out during the COP21, there are quite a few of companies that are switching to innovations associated with renewable energy. “Companies like Sch ...
... acceleration “along the path towards low-carbon economic growth.”23 As Alain Guillemoles, economic observer for French national newspaper La Croix, pointed out during the COP21, there are quite a few of companies that are switching to innovations associated with renewable energy. “Companies like Sch ...
UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the WTO – Brewing Conflicts or
... Lack of natural resources, violent conflicts, and wars, together with other effects of climate change will have major effects on the global economy. 7 As one scholar described the situation, “[e]ven a 3˚C rise in global average temperature would devastate the global environment, place human survival ...
... Lack of natural resources, violent conflicts, and wars, together with other effects of climate change will have major effects on the global economy. 7 As one scholar described the situation, “[e]ven a 3˚C rise in global average temperature would devastate the global environment, place human survival ...
Coverage of Existing Oil and Natural Gas Facilities
... The Proposed Rule does much to reduce significantly the emissions of methane and VOCs from new and modified oil and natural gas facilities which, in turn, shall have positive health and environmental impacts to Indian Country and Alaska Native Villages. However, if the Obama Administration expects t ...
... The Proposed Rule does much to reduce significantly the emissions of methane and VOCs from new and modified oil and natural gas facilities which, in turn, shall have positive health and environmental impacts to Indian Country and Alaska Native Villages. However, if the Obama Administration expects t ...
Climate Change Workshop Proceedings
... recommended that information on adapting to climate change be incorporated into nursing curricula at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. They also cautioned that changes to curricula would necessitate faculty development, since many nursing faculty members are not yet adequately informed ...
... recommended that information on adapting to climate change be incorporated into nursing curricula at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. They also cautioned that changes to curricula would necessitate faculty development, since many nursing faculty members are not yet adequately informed ...
Discounting and climate change - a non-marginal policy choice
... three paths for the future growth of global utility per capita. Path u(cbt) represents global utility per capita on a path where greenhouse gas emissions are uncontrolled (i=b where b stands for ‘business-asusual’), resulting in climate change that has a non-marginal effect on consumption per capita ...
... three paths for the future growth of global utility per capita. Path u(cbt) represents global utility per capita on a path where greenhouse gas emissions are uncontrolled (i=b where b stands for ‘business-asusual’), resulting in climate change that has a non-marginal effect on consumption per capita ...
A 700 Year Record of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Climate
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
Overcoming Behavioral and Institutional Inertia
... Support for policies to control greenhouse gas emissions is hampered by people’s limited understanding of climate change’s dynamics. Experiments show that a majority of people misunderstand the basic stock-andflow nature of the problem: they believe that stabilizing emissions near the current rate ...
... Support for policies to control greenhouse gas emissions is hampered by people’s limited understanding of climate change’s dynamics. Experiments show that a majority of people misunderstand the basic stock-andflow nature of the problem: they believe that stabilizing emissions near the current rate ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.