Predicting persistence in a changing climate: flow direction and
... dispersing upstream vs downstream). Redistribution limited by flow Flow-driven inhibition of spread has been shown for species whose ranges are not in equilibrium with their climate space, including non-native species spreading beyond their point of introduction. An example is the Mediterranean muss ...
... dispersing upstream vs downstream). Redistribution limited by flow Flow-driven inhibition of spread has been shown for species whose ranges are not in equilibrium with their climate space, including non-native species spreading beyond their point of introduction. An example is the Mediterranean muss ...
Protection and Planned Relocations in the Context of
... Climate change is expected to lead to increased human mobility in the forms of migration, displacement and planned relocation of communities as areas become uninhabitable because of the effects of global warming. While considerable attention has been directed toward the first two categories – partic ...
... Climate change is expected to lead to increased human mobility in the forms of migration, displacement and planned relocation of communities as areas become uninhabitable because of the effects of global warming. While considerable attention has been directed toward the first two categories – partic ...
Climate finance for cities: how can climate funds best support low
... countries to meet the costs of pursuing low-carbon and climate resilient development pathways. These funds have approved over US$ 9 billion since 1994 for projects specifically targeting climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries (Nakhooda, Norman et al. 2014). While this represents a ...
... countries to meet the costs of pursuing low-carbon and climate resilient development pathways. These funds have approved over US$ 9 billion since 1994 for projects specifically targeting climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries (Nakhooda, Norman et al. 2014). While this represents a ...
4 The Importance of Methane
... exists on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. It is likely to be emitted as the seabed warms, either steadily over 50 years or suddenly.” A group of concerned scientists has formed the Arctic Methane Warning Group (AMEG 2013) with a mission to warn the world of the potential for the Arctic region to cau ...
... exists on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. It is likely to be emitted as the seabed warms, either steadily over 50 years or suddenly.” A group of concerned scientists has formed the Arctic Methane Warning Group (AMEG 2013) with a mission to warn the world of the potential for the Arctic region to cau ...
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... with the surrounding regions (IPCC 2007), which could increase the vulnerability of the Mediterranean mountain forests to climate change. A quantification of radial growth responses to climatic constraints, site conditions and standage structure will allow the growth and persistence of Mediterranean ...
... with the surrounding regions (IPCC 2007), which could increase the vulnerability of the Mediterranean mountain forests to climate change. A quantification of radial growth responses to climatic constraints, site conditions and standage structure will allow the growth and persistence of Mediterranean ...
London, UK - World Bank Group
... Thames Barrier across the Thames at Woolwich, which protects 150 square kilometers of London that lies below the high tide level. The expected level of protection provided by the Barrier will decline after 2030 unless action is taken, so concepts for its future enlargement or redesign are already be ...
... Thames Barrier across the Thames at Woolwich, which protects 150 square kilometers of London that lies below the high tide level. The expected level of protection provided by the Barrier will decline after 2030 unless action is taken, so concepts for its future enlargement or redesign are already be ...
Case study: Guatemala - CIAT-DAPA
... months decreases as well Farmer observed recently increasing climate variability Area is facing a geographical shift of some crops to western areas in Sololá Western areas in Sololá are presently important contributions to carbon sequestration (forests and coffee production) Broccoli remains on its ...
... months decreases as well Farmer observed recently increasing climate variability Area is facing a geographical shift of some crops to western areas in Sololá Western areas in Sololá are presently important contributions to carbon sequestration (forests and coffee production) Broccoli remains on its ...
Fossil Free NUIG: - NUI Galway Students` Union
... in fossil fuel, or fossil fuel related, shares. Furthermore, the complete withdrawal of existing investments should take place no later than 2018. In March 2015 NUI Galway launched its strategic vision for the future, called Vision 2020. This document clearly outlines NUI Galway’s commitment sustain ...
... in fossil fuel, or fossil fuel related, shares. Furthermore, the complete withdrawal of existing investments should take place no later than 2018. In March 2015 NUI Galway launched its strategic vision for the future, called Vision 2020. This document clearly outlines NUI Galway’s commitment sustain ...
Global trends in extreme precipitation
... Although climate models generally indicate an increase in precipitation and its extremes, the rate of this increase seems to be underestimated (Allan and Soden, 2008; Allen and Ingram, 2002; Min et al., 2011; O’Gorman and Schneider, 2009; Sillmann et al., 2013; Wan et al., 2013; Wentz et al., 2007; ...
... Although climate models generally indicate an increase in precipitation and its extremes, the rate of this increase seems to be underestimated (Allan and Soden, 2008; Allen and Ingram, 2002; Min et al., 2011; O’Gorman and Schneider, 2009; Sillmann et al., 2013; Wan et al., 2013; Wentz et al., 2007; ...
Ocean Currents and Climate - History Programs
... called this the “underlying theology” of a perpetual steady state of circulation. That was what scientists observed, if only because measurements at sea were few and difficult. Oceanographers traced currents simply by throwing bottles into the ocean. It took them a century to work out the general pa ...
... called this the “underlying theology” of a perpetual steady state of circulation. That was what scientists observed, if only because measurements at sea were few and difficult. Oceanographers traced currents simply by throwing bottles into the ocean. It took them a century to work out the general pa ...
Full Presentation Zanzibar notes and extrapolation
... • Identify the RESTRAINERS in number 2 above and discuss how you would reduce these restrainers • Identify the DRIVERS in number 3 above and discuss how you would reduce these restrainers Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa ...
... • Identify the RESTRAINERS in number 2 above and discuss how you would reduce these restrainers • Identify the DRIVERS in number 3 above and discuss how you would reduce these restrainers Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa ...
gypsy moth and nun moth
... of organisms. Especially ectothermic animals are expected to shift their distribution ranges northwards in the next hundred years or so. In this study simulations made with CLIMEXmodelling software were used to predict the future distribution ranges of two Central European serious forest pest specie ...
... of organisms. Especially ectothermic animals are expected to shift their distribution ranges northwards in the next hundred years or so. In this study simulations made with CLIMEXmodelling software were used to predict the future distribution ranges of two Central European serious forest pest specie ...
An assessment of the foundational assumptions in high-resolution climate projections: the case of UKCP09
... ‘assign a probability to different possible climate outcomes recognising that […] giving a range of possible climate change outcomes is better, and can help with robust adaptation decisions, but would be of limited use if we could not say which outcomes are more or less likely than others.’(ibid., 2 ...
... ‘assign a probability to different possible climate outcomes recognising that […] giving a range of possible climate change outcomes is better, and can help with robust adaptation decisions, but would be of limited use if we could not say which outcomes are more or less likely than others.’(ibid., 2 ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... Scarce freshwater resources Scarce land resources Over-development (which impacts natural areas and ecosystems) Threat from invasion by alien species These issues are of concern for larger countries also, but are exacerbated in The Bahamas where the land mass is small to begin with and avail ...
... Scarce freshwater resources Scarce land resources Over-development (which impacts natural areas and ecosystems) Threat from invasion by alien species These issues are of concern for larger countries also, but are exacerbated in The Bahamas where the land mass is small to begin with and avail ...
Public attitudes and behavior about climate change: what shapes
... An in-depth study of selected groups of Americans and of a group drawn from the general public found that most Americans believed that we should follow a less materialistic way of life and that a reduction in consumption is necessary in order to prevent global climate change. However, large majoriti ...
... An in-depth study of selected groups of Americans and of a group drawn from the general public found that most Americans believed that we should follow a less materialistic way of life and that a reduction in consumption is necessary in order to prevent global climate change. However, large majoriti ...
Indigenous Weather Forecasting: A Phenomenological Study
... phenomena like trees, birds, frogs, animals, amphibians, insects, grass, wind, moon, lighting and the sun to make reasonable weather forecasting within their environment. The effectiveness or reliability of the Shona techniques makes this study timeous and relevant in contemporary studies. ...
... phenomena like trees, birds, frogs, animals, amphibians, insects, grass, wind, moon, lighting and the sun to make reasonable weather forecasting within their environment. The effectiveness or reliability of the Shona techniques makes this study timeous and relevant in contemporary studies. ...
Unit: Paleoclimatology: Climate Discovery Teacher`s Guide
... • Climate is sometimes referred to as “average” weather for a given area. The National Weather Service uses values such as temperature highs and lows and precipitation measures for the past thirty years to compile “average” weather for any given area. However, some atmospheric scientists consider “a ...
... • Climate is sometimes referred to as “average” weather for a given area. The National Weather Service uses values such as temperature highs and lows and precipitation measures for the past thirty years to compile “average” weather for any given area. However, some atmospheric scientists consider “a ...
An investor enquiry: how much big oil spends on obstructive climate
... Stage One: We identify corporate activity and expenditure, which, under our system, can influence the policy-making and regulatory process. These include: internal staff costs related to the maintenance of communications, regulatory and government affairs and public relations departments, external e ...
... Stage One: We identify corporate activity and expenditure, which, under our system, can influence the policy-making and regulatory process. These include: internal staff costs related to the maintenance of communications, regulatory and government affairs and public relations departments, external e ...
Global Climate Change
... by reflecting the Sun’s rays • Sulfate aerosols produced by fossil fuel combustion may slow global warming, at least in the short term - Volcanic eruptions reduce sunlight reaching the earth and cool the Earth Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... by reflecting the Sun’s rays • Sulfate aerosols produced by fossil fuel combustion may slow global warming, at least in the short term - Volcanic eruptions reduce sunlight reaching the earth and cool the Earth Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Policies for Developing Country Engagement
... broad economic growth that significantly raises the living standards of the world’s poor – and doing so without major climate consequences. Indeed, much of the debate surrounding the successor to the Kyoto Protocol, and global climate policy more generally, focuses on the appropriate role for develo ...
... broad economic growth that significantly raises the living standards of the world’s poor – and doing so without major climate consequences. Indeed, much of the debate surrounding the successor to the Kyoto Protocol, and global climate policy more generally, focuses on the appropriate role for develo ...
Climate Relicts: Past, Present, Future
... that the surroundings of ice-filled caves in northeast Iowa in the American Midwest harbor more than 60 vascular plants, numerous land snails, and mites of boreal distribution. Gorchakovskii & Zolotareva (2006) identified relict stands of 66 plant species in three species-rich mountainsteppe ecosystem ...
... that the surroundings of ice-filled caves in northeast Iowa in the American Midwest harbor more than 60 vascular plants, numerous land snails, and mites of boreal distribution. Gorchakovskii & Zolotareva (2006) identified relict stands of 66 plant species in three species-rich mountainsteppe ecosystem ...
Studying Climate Change: Proxy Indicators
... by reflecting the Sun’s rays • Sulfate aerosols produced by fossil fuel combustion may slow global warming, at least in the short term - Volcanic eruptions reduce sunlight reaching the earth and cool the Earth Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... by reflecting the Sun’s rays • Sulfate aerosols produced by fossil fuel combustion may slow global warming, at least in the short term - Volcanic eruptions reduce sunlight reaching the earth and cool the Earth Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change
... the USHCN by Karl et al.,33 who used a populationbased empirical equation. Estimated adjustments may be sensitive to the choice of ‘rural’ stations, as well as to the period and method of analysis, as is shown by the contrast between the estimates of urban warming in northern China by Li et al.14 fo ...
... the USHCN by Karl et al.,33 who used a populationbased empirical equation. Estimated adjustments may be sensitive to the choice of ‘rural’ stations, as well as to the period and method of analysis, as is shown by the contrast between the estimates of urban warming in northern China by Li et al.14 fo ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.