Climate of the Past
... from data records that reach beyond the information available from instrumental records (e.g. Jones et al., 2009). Such data – i.e. climate proxy records – are further needed for validation of climate models, to assure that the models are able to reproduce the observed climate change. Reconstruction ...
... from data records that reach beyond the information available from instrumental records (e.g. Jones et al., 2009). Such data – i.e. climate proxy records – are further needed for validation of climate models, to assure that the models are able to reproduce the observed climate change. Reconstruction ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... place at ~14 Ma, probably accelerated by the growing physical and thermal isolation of Antarctica as other continents drifted away from it and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) developed. At that time the ice sheet thickened to more or less its modern configuration. Alkenone-based CO2 reconst ...
... place at ~14 Ma, probably accelerated by the growing physical and thermal isolation of Antarctica as other continents drifted away from it and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) developed. At that time the ice sheet thickened to more or less its modern configuration. Alkenone-based CO2 reconst ...
Global changes in seasonal means and extremes of precipitation
... Figure 1. The calculation method used to define a dry or a wet period. The example is for the winter (DJF) season at the location of De Bilt, Netherlands (5.6°E, 51.3°N). On the x and y axis we report the seasonal mean and extreme values, respectively, expressed in mm/d. The two black open circles a ...
... Figure 1. The calculation method used to define a dry or a wet period. The example is for the winter (DJF) season at the location of De Bilt, Netherlands (5.6°E, 51.3°N). On the x and y axis we report the seasonal mean and extreme values, respectively, expressed in mm/d. The two black open circles a ...
at least -48 - Monash University
... science before the latter part of the 20 Century limits national responsibility for the impacts of climate change and for economic redistribution to assist in mitigation and adaptation funding to that period when the science enabled the issue to be recognised. By contrast, developing states have emp ...
... science before the latter part of the 20 Century limits national responsibility for the impacts of climate change and for economic redistribution to assist in mitigation and adaptation funding to that period when the science enabled the issue to be recognised. By contrast, developing states have emp ...
El Niño Southern Oscillation
... confidence that the AR4-model mean projected El Niño-like conditions (change in the background state towards reduced thermocline depth in the Warm Pool) will translate to an overall reduction in the intensity of the Leeuwin Current in the future climate. In contrast, there is no consensus across AR4 ...
... confidence that the AR4-model mean projected El Niño-like conditions (change in the background state towards reduced thermocline depth in the Warm Pool) will translate to an overall reduction in the intensity of the Leeuwin Current in the future climate. In contrast, there is no consensus across AR4 ...
Complex Life Cycles and the Responses of Insects to Climate Change
... approach (A. L. Angert et al., submitted for publication). These models strive to translate environmental conditions into physiological impacts on organisms (Bakken et al. 1985) and to incorporate organismal responses to temporal and spatial climate variations that are often averaged in ENMs (Helmut ...
... approach (A. L. Angert et al., submitted for publication). These models strive to translate environmental conditions into physiological impacts on organisms (Bakken et al. 1985) and to incorporate organismal responses to temporal and spatial climate variations that are often averaged in ENMs (Helmut ...
Civil Society Guide to Healthy Rivers and Climate
... resources management (for example, reducing water quality and lowering water availability), and it can profoundly alter key ecological and hydrological qualities (for example, altering fundamental flow regime qualities). Climate change is now beginning to shift from its current role as an “intensifi ...
... resources management (for example, reducing water quality and lowering water availability), and it can profoundly alter key ecological and hydrological qualities (for example, altering fundamental flow regime qualities). Climate change is now beginning to shift from its current role as an “intensifi ...
Impacts of future deforestation and climate change on the hydrology
... Revised: 5 January 2017 – Accepted: 9 February 2017 – Published: 9 March 2017 ...
... Revised: 5 January 2017 – Accepted: 9 February 2017 – Published: 9 March 2017 ...
aapg-san-antonio-peterson
... Models with and without human produced climate forcings reveal: • “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (IPCC 2007). ...
... Models with and without human produced climate forcings reveal: • “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (IPCC 2007). ...
A comment on climate change, conflict and forced migration
... The term “climate refugees” implies a mono-causality that one rarely finds in human reality. No one factor, event or process, inevitably results in forced migration or conflict. It is very likely that climate change impacts will contribute to an increase in forced migration. Because one cannot compl ...
... The term “climate refugees” implies a mono-causality that one rarely finds in human reality. No one factor, event or process, inevitably results in forced migration or conflict. It is very likely that climate change impacts will contribute to an increase in forced migration. Because one cannot compl ...
IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA GAUTENG DIVISION
... 20. The Minister in her answering affidavit averred that the Chief Director had adequately considered the climate change effects, but had not conducted a comprehensive assessment, and she imposed condition 10.5 requiring a fuller climate change impact assessment for that reason. She reasoned that co ...
... 20. The Minister in her answering affidavit averred that the Chief Director had adequately considered the climate change effects, but had not conducted a comprehensive assessment, and she imposed condition 10.5 requiring a fuller climate change impact assessment for that reason. She reasoned that co ...
Kelman 2007 Vulnerability definitions
... The capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the social system is capable of organizing itself to increase it ...
... The capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards to adapt, by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the social system is capable of organizing itself to increase it ...
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world
... Figure 2. Predicted change in northeast Atlantic benthic marine flora if CO2 emissions continue unabated. (A) Arctic region: warming will be detrimental to cold-adapted species, and acidification will corrode maerl (M.). Pacific species, for example, Alaria marginata (Am), will invade as polar ice m ...
... Figure 2. Predicted change in northeast Atlantic benthic marine flora if CO2 emissions continue unabated. (A) Arctic region: warming will be detrimental to cold-adapted species, and acidification will corrode maerl (M.). Pacific species, for example, Alaria marginata (Am), will invade as polar ice m ...
Disaster Response and Management Veld Fires
... Disaster Response and Management • DAFF through Climate Change and Disaster Management Directorate facilitates the implementation of climate change programmes and disaster risk management system. • Emphasis is placed on disaster risk reduction phase where activities are aimed at disaster risk reduc ...
... Disaster Response and Management • DAFF through Climate Change and Disaster Management Directorate facilitates the implementation of climate change programmes and disaster risk management system. • Emphasis is placed on disaster risk reduction phase where activities are aimed at disaster risk reduc ...
... the IPCC, global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased markedly as a result of human activities over the past 200 years, contributing to a warming of the earth’s climate. Climate change is a long-term and global issue because greenhouse gases disperse widely in the atmosphere ...
The climate is changing - the ICP Vegetation
... vegeta'on. Nitrogen tends to increase plant growth and crop yield, whereas ozone has the opposite effect with high concentra'ons tending to reduce root growth and seed produc'on more than shoot gro ...
... vegeta'on. Nitrogen tends to increase plant growth and crop yield, whereas ozone has the opposite effect with high concentra'ons tending to reduce root growth and seed produc'on more than shoot gro ...
Issue 04 Autumn 2006
... a flux from the atmosphere into the sea, if the conditions are favorable, such as during sea ice production. A similar process functions for CFCs and oxygen, but in the present study with less effect, as their surface water concentrations were closer to being in equilibrium with atmospheric concentr ...
... a flux from the atmosphere into the sea, if the conditions are favorable, such as during sea ice production. A similar process functions for CFCs and oxygen, but in the present study with less effect, as their surface water concentrations were closer to being in equilibrium with atmospheric concentr ...
Update on CCS in the Global Climate Picture Tim Dixon 23 January 2015
... • The share of low‐carbon electricity supply (incl CCS) increases from 30% to more than 80 % by 2050, • Fossil fuel power generation without CCS is phased out by 2100. GHG emissions reduced significantly by: • Replacing average efficiency coal fired power plants with modern high efficiency natural g ...
... • The share of low‐carbon electricity supply (incl CCS) increases from 30% to more than 80 % by 2050, • Fossil fuel power generation without CCS is phased out by 2100. GHG emissions reduced significantly by: • Replacing average efficiency coal fired power plants with modern high efficiency natural g ...
ESPACE Project Scoping Report
... awareness into meaningful action. Throughout the ESPACE pilot projects it has been learned that a sense of ‘association’ with other relevant actors, and ‘agency’ are needed before meaningful action on adaptation can take place (see the 3 A’s principle, section 3.1 below). 2.2 Uncertainty Barriers By ...
... awareness into meaningful action. Throughout the ESPACE pilot projects it has been learned that a sense of ‘association’ with other relevant actors, and ‘agency’ are needed before meaningful action on adaptation can take place (see the 3 A’s principle, section 3.1 below). 2.2 Uncertainty Barriers By ...
document
... Acid deposition may be a problem in the future in parts of south east Asia O3 is likely to be already causing damage to crops and forests in the GMS ? O3 concentrations are projected to increase relatively rapidly over the next 20 to 50 years in this region As such, there is an urgent need to develo ...
... Acid deposition may be a problem in the future in parts of south east Asia O3 is likely to be already causing damage to crops and forests in the GMS ? O3 concentrations are projected to increase relatively rapidly over the next 20 to 50 years in this region As such, there is an urgent need to develo ...
weather and climate: engaging youth
... cent in the global ocean oxygen inventory over the next century. However, there are considerable uncertainties regarding the scale and location of oxygen changes, and their ecological impacts. ...
... cent in the global ocean oxygen inventory over the next century. However, there are considerable uncertainties regarding the scale and location of oxygen changes, and their ecological impacts. ...
A Practitioner`s Guide to Climate Change Adaptation
... In 2007, the Government of Ontario released Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change, with targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impacts of climate change (Government of Ontario, 2007). The target was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels by 2014 ( ...
... In 2007, the Government of Ontario released Go Green: Ontario’s Action Plan on Climate Change, with targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impacts of climate change (Government of Ontario, 2007). The target was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels by 2014 ( ...
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects (proposed and theoretical) are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming. Proposed examples include the creation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols. They would not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and thus do not address problems such as ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO2). Their principal advantages as an approach to climate engineering is the speed with which they can be deployed and become fully active, as well as their potential low financial cost. By comparison, other climate engineering techniques based on greenhouse gas remediation, such as ocean iron fertilization, need to sequester the anthropogenic carbon excess before any reversal of global warming would occur. Solar radiation management projects can therefore be used as a climate engineering ""quick fix"" while levels of greenhouse gases can be brought under control by greenhouse gas remediation techniques.