paper - IASC Network on Arctic Glaciology
... of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particular importance. Although it has a relatively cold climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a s ...
... of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particular importance. Although it has a relatively cold climate, all glaciers and ice caps found there are subject to considerable melting and runoff in summer. Therefore Arctic glaciers and ice caps are sensitive to climatic change: a s ...
Do your investments destroy or care for the planet
... that has investments, do your investments destroy or care for the Earth? Is the present financial system so corrupted that there can be no moral investments? What are the ethical and strategic criteria that you or your organisation should use to select investments? What is wrong with the large major ...
... that has investments, do your investments destroy or care for the Earth? Is the present financial system so corrupted that there can be no moral investments? What are the ethical and strategic criteria that you or your organisation should use to select investments? What is wrong with the large major ...
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... [Answer: highest concentrations in April and May (spring), lowest in August and September (early fall)] Explain how the seasonal changes of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and the growing season for plants and are related? [Answer: CO2 in the atmosphere decreases during the growing season and ...
... [Answer: highest concentrations in April and May (spring), lowest in August and September (early fall)] Explain how the seasonal changes of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and the growing season for plants and are related? [Answer: CO2 in the atmosphere decreases during the growing season and ...
Water, the West, and Our Changing Climate: Political and Ethical
... reconsideration of water use in the West. Such droughts have occurred in the past, and indeed, can be predicted for an arid state like Utah on a regular cycle, though, of course, predicting such “zero-sum” events is a challenge. This leads one naturally to the question of uncertainties about the sci ...
... reconsideration of water use in the West. Such droughts have occurred in the past, and indeed, can be predicted for an arid state like Utah on a regular cycle, though, of course, predicting such “zero-sum” events is a challenge. This leads one naturally to the question of uncertainties about the sci ...
Compliance mechanisms in global climate regimes: Kyoto and post-Kyoto
... No back-up if self enforcement fails ...
... No back-up if self enforcement fails ...
What The Science Says: The trend in CO2 at Mauna Loa is
... ice cores (NOAA). Green line from Law Dome ice core (CDIAC). Red line from direct measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (NOAA). Mauna Loa is often used as an example of rising carbon dioxide levels because its the longest, continuous series of directly measured atmospheric CO2. The reason why it's accep ...
... ice cores (NOAA). Green line from Law Dome ice core (CDIAC). Red line from direct measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (NOAA). Mauna Loa is often used as an example of rising carbon dioxide levels because its the longest, continuous series of directly measured atmospheric CO2. The reason why it's accep ...
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... of some average person is used.1 This is because the democratic principle of “one person, one vote” sits awkwardly with the notion that some people are worthier than others. Between countries, matters are different, as the world is made up of sovereign nations. One can, of course, argue that as a ma ...
... of some average person is used.1 This is because the democratic principle of “one person, one vote” sits awkwardly with the notion that some people are worthier than others. Between countries, matters are different, as the world is made up of sovereign nations. One can, of course, argue that as a ma ...
Sea-Ice Melting & Coastal Erosion
... absorb most of the sun's energy. This warms the surface further, causing faster melting, which in turn causes more warming. • Forests are projected to expand northward into areas that are currently tundra. Taller, darker, and more textured forests absorb more solar energy than tundra. • Soot, from b ...
... absorb most of the sun's energy. This warms the surface further, causing faster melting, which in turn causes more warming. • Forests are projected to expand northward into areas that are currently tundra. Taller, darker, and more textured forests absorb more solar energy than tundra. • Soot, from b ...
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... parts of the country and decrease in others as well. Using these projections, the scenarios in Table 1 are explained below: Scenario 1: Increase average temperature by 3oC The expected MAR, planned water available and the total VAD of the selected irrigated crops are significantly sensitive to the ...
... parts of the country and decrease in others as well. Using these projections, the scenarios in Table 1 are explained below: Scenario 1: Increase average temperature by 3oC The expected MAR, planned water available and the total VAD of the selected irrigated crops are significantly sensitive to the ...
Belanger OLLI week4 slides - Denver Climate Study Group
... curve) (1) as Earth emerged from glaciation, as shown by climate records from Greenland and Antarctica (blue curves) (14, 15). Schmitt et al. (2) report a record of the change in the 13C/12C ratio of CO2 during this time (red curve). The isotopic ratio is expressed in delta notation, where δ13C is t ...
... curve) (1) as Earth emerged from glaciation, as shown by climate records from Greenland and Antarctica (blue curves) (14, 15). Schmitt et al. (2) report a record of the change in the 13C/12C ratio of CO2 during this time (red curve). The isotopic ratio is expressed in delta notation, where δ13C is t ...
Do scientists agree about climate change? public perceptions from a
... fundamental facts. There is little disagreement among active scientists that concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases affect the earth’s climate, that these concentrations are rapidly increasing due to human activities and are already reaching levels not seen in hundreds ...
... fundamental facts. There is little disagreement among active scientists that concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases affect the earth’s climate, that these concentrations are rapidly increasing due to human activities and are already reaching levels not seen in hundreds ...
Global/Regional/Local-Scale Climate Change - A Reality Check
... Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
... Addressing Uncertainties, Uncertainties, Committee Committee on on Radiative Radiative Forcing Forcing Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Climate Climate Research Research Committee, Committee, 224 ...
High impact, low probability? An empirical analysis of risk in the economics of climate change: Working Paper 9 (505 kB) (opens in new window)
... frequency distributions in box 10.2 (Meehl, Stocker et al. 2007, p798) reveals that, in most if not indeed all cases, they have a positive skew, with a long tail of high estimates. These tails can be attributed to uncertainty about feedbacks, related for example to clouds and water vapour, and about ...
... frequency distributions in box 10.2 (Meehl, Stocker et al. 2007, p798) reveals that, in most if not indeed all cases, they have a positive skew, with a long tail of high estimates. These tails can be attributed to uncertainty about feedbacks, related for example to clouds and water vapour, and about ...
TIEE Global Temperature Change in the 21 Century ISSUES : DATA SET
... In these exercises, you will work with output from one set of climate models, created by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCCma), who have kindly made the results of a number of runs of their models available online. Information on the models can be found on the Models section ...
... In these exercises, you will work with output from one set of climate models, created by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCCma), who have kindly made the results of a number of runs of their models available online. Information on the models can be found on the Models section ...
The Global Ozone Layer
... Increasing abundances of radiatively important gases, especially carbon dioxide(CO2) and methane (CH4), are expected to significantly affect future stratospheric ozone through effects on temperature, winds, and chemistry. For the next few decades, the decline in ODSs will dominate the recovery o ...
... Increasing abundances of radiatively important gases, especially carbon dioxide(CO2) and methane (CH4), are expected to significantly affect future stratospheric ozone through effects on temperature, winds, and chemistry. For the next few decades, the decline in ODSs will dominate the recovery o ...
The Role of CCS as a Mitigation Option within the IPCC
... multiple replications of the commercial-scale technology worldwide. ...
... multiple replications of the commercial-scale technology worldwide. ...
PowerPoint **** - UCLA Land Surface Hydrology Research Group
... According to figure (b), future climate influences are greater for historically transient basins, which will shift towards rain dominant basins and experience longer summer low flow period, with increase in winter streamflow and significant decrease in summer streamflow, primarily due to reduction i ...
... According to figure (b), future climate influences are greater for historically transient basins, which will shift towards rain dominant basins and experience longer summer low flow period, with increase in winter streamflow and significant decrease in summer streamflow, primarily due to reduction i ...
Reducing the Impact of Global Warming on Wildlife
... effectively, we must act now to reduce the primary cause of human-induced global warming: the greenhouse gases emitted when we burn fossil fuels. However, even with immediate action, it will still be too late to prevent the extinction of some species, and others will edge closer to extinction as the ...
... effectively, we must act now to reduce the primary cause of human-induced global warming: the greenhouse gases emitted when we burn fossil fuels. However, even with immediate action, it will still be too late to prevent the extinction of some species, and others will edge closer to extinction as the ...
SEA LEVEL CHANGE
... in excess of natural recharge, more water being impounded in reservoirs (with some seeping into aquifers), and possibly changes in surface runoff. Order-of-magnitude evaluations of these terms are uncertain but suggest that each of the contributions could be several tenths of millimeter per year, wi ...
... in excess of natural recharge, more water being impounded in reservoirs (with some seeping into aquifers), and possibly changes in surface runoff. Order-of-magnitude evaluations of these terms are uncertain but suggest that each of the contributions could be several tenths of millimeter per year, wi ...
IUCNBD-Ainun - IUCN
... • IPCC TAR 2001: The Earth’s Climate system has demonstrably changed on both global and regional scales since the pre-industrial era. The IPCC-FAR(2007), concludes that global warming is unequivocally the result of human activities. Scientific consensus is clear; now we need to urgently focus on wha ...
... • IPCC TAR 2001: The Earth’s Climate system has demonstrably changed on both global and regional scales since the pre-industrial era. The IPCC-FAR(2007), concludes that global warming is unequivocally the result of human activities. Scientific consensus is clear; now we need to urgently focus on wha ...
The Future of the Thermohaline Circulation – A
... the remarkable sequences of abrupt warmings and slower coolings registered in various ice cores from the Greenland ice sheet. They serve as model events although it should be noted that they are signals at a very remote and special location on the planet. Dansgaard et al. (1993) counted 24 of these ...
... the remarkable sequences of abrupt warmings and slower coolings registered in various ice cores from the Greenland ice sheet. They serve as model events although it should be noted that they are signals at a very remote and special location on the planet. Dansgaard et al. (1993) counted 24 of these ...
Climate change indices
... with the data. An example of this would be an impossibly long period of time with zero precipitation. This problem can arise because many countries do not record zero precipitation, so missing values must initially be assumed to be zero. The next stage of analysis is to conduct homogeneity assessmen ...
... with the data. An example of this would be an impossibly long period of time with zero precipitation. This problem can arise because many countries do not record zero precipitation, so missing values must initially be assumed to be zero. The next stage of analysis is to conduct homogeneity assessmen ...
Rapid thinning of the late Pleistocene Patagonian Ice Sheet
... fluctuations are out of phase, then it suggests the operation of an oceanic bipolar seesaw linked to the thermohaline circulation that causes warm conditions in the north to coincide with cold oceanic conditions in the south and vice versa8. Other, regional factors may also play a role, including th ...
... fluctuations are out of phase, then it suggests the operation of an oceanic bipolar seesaw linked to the thermohaline circulation that causes warm conditions in the north to coincide with cold oceanic conditions in the south and vice versa8. Other, regional factors may also play a role, including th ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""