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... Department of Mechanical Engineering – essentially a think tank founded by David Scott. Although IESVic’s primary focus was on fuel cell research, there was a spirit of openness and questioning regarding climate change and the means to address it. In this regard, I am grateful to IESVic’s second dir ...
... Department of Mechanical Engineering – essentially a think tank founded by David Scott. Although IESVic’s primary focus was on fuel cell research, there was a spirit of openness and questioning regarding climate change and the means to address it. In this regard, I am grateful to IESVic’s second dir ...
Rapid thinning of the late Pleistocene Patagonian Ice Sheet
... fluctuations are out of phase, then it suggests the operation of an oceanic bipolar seesaw linked to the thermohaline circulation that causes warm conditions in the north to coincide with cold oceanic conditions in the south and vice versa8. Other, regional factors may also play a role, including th ...
... fluctuations are out of phase, then it suggests the operation of an oceanic bipolar seesaw linked to the thermohaline circulation that causes warm conditions in the north to coincide with cold oceanic conditions in the south and vice versa8. Other, regional factors may also play a role, including th ...
pdf file - Polar Science Center
... Role of self-amplification for Tipping Elements The word Tipping Element suggests the existence of a self-amplification process at the heart of the tipping dynamics. Once triggered it dominates the dynamics for a certain period of time and thereby induces a qualitative change within the system, e.g. ...
... Role of self-amplification for Tipping Elements The word Tipping Element suggests the existence of a self-amplification process at the heart of the tipping dynamics. Once triggered it dominates the dynamics for a certain period of time and thereby induces a qualitative change within the system, e.g. ...
Downscaling Global Circulation Model Outputs
... changes in climates (deltas or anomalies) and then applies this interpolated surface to the baseline climate (from WorldClim), taking into account the possible bias due to the difference in baselines. The method assumes that changes in climates are only relevant at coarse scales and that relationshi ...
... changes in climates (deltas or anomalies) and then applies this interpolated surface to the baseline climate (from WorldClim), taking into account the possible bias due to the difference in baselines. The method assumes that changes in climates are only relevant at coarse scales and that relationshi ...
The Future of the Thermohaline Circulation – A
... the remarkable sequences of abrupt warmings and slower coolings registered in various ice cores from the Greenland ice sheet. They serve as model events although it should be noted that they are signals at a very remote and special location on the planet. Dansgaard et al. (1993) counted 24 of these ...
... the remarkable sequences of abrupt warmings and slower coolings registered in various ice cores from the Greenland ice sheet. They serve as model events although it should be noted that they are signals at a very remote and special location on the planet. Dansgaard et al. (1993) counted 24 of these ...
The Gaia Hypothesis: Fact, Theory, and Wishful
... Gaia hypothesis’, was being applied to many different propositions, ranging from ideas that most modern Earth scientists would consider self-evident, to notions that most would consider outlandish. The weak forms of the Gaia hypothesis hold that life collectively has a significant effect on Earth’s ...
... Gaia hypothesis’, was being applied to many different propositions, ranging from ideas that most modern Earth scientists would consider self-evident, to notions that most would consider outlandish. The weak forms of the Gaia hypothesis hold that life collectively has a significant effect on Earth’s ...
Amanda Sauer
... Dependency of 2002 sales in US, EU and Japan on vehicles of high-, medium- and lowcarbon intensity ...
... Dependency of 2002 sales in US, EU and Japan on vehicles of high-, medium- and lowcarbon intensity ...
Complementary explanation of temperature response in the lower
... from ERA-Interim reanalysis and climate models for the period 1979–1999. We have chosen this period because it is the overlap in temporal coverage between the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the CMIP3 20th century climate model runs. Over the latter half of the 20th century Tmin increased more rapidly th ...
... from ERA-Interim reanalysis and climate models for the period 1979–1999. We have chosen this period because it is the overlap in temporal coverage between the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the CMIP3 20th century climate model runs. Over the latter half of the 20th century Tmin increased more rapidly th ...
The Projected Death of the Fertile Crescent
... Multi-model climate change simulations for the twenty-first century showed a decrease in runoff in the Middle East of up to 30 % by 2050 (Milly et al. 2005; Mariotti et al. 2008). A 40 % decrease in the annual stream flow of the Euphrates River has also been projected (Nohara et al. 2006). However, ...
... Multi-model climate change simulations for the twenty-first century showed a decrease in runoff in the Middle East of up to 30 % by 2050 (Milly et al. 2005; Mariotti et al. 2008). A 40 % decrease in the annual stream flow of the Euphrates River has also been projected (Nohara et al. 2006). However, ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... In May 2013, the Interagency Working Group (IWG) produced an updated SCC value by applying updates to the underlying three Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used in its initial 2010 SCC determination, but did not update the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) employed in the IAMs. This was not ...
... In May 2013, the Interagency Working Group (IWG) produced an updated SCC value by applying updates to the underlying three Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used in its initial 2010 SCC determination, but did not update the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) employed in the IAMs. This was not ...
2013 GHG Inventory
... this warming has and will continue to cause snow and ice melt, sea level rise, ocean acidification, loss of permafrost, increased severity of storm events, significant changes in precipitation patterns, biodiversity loss, spread of certain insect-borne diseases, and the displacement of human populat ...
... this warming has and will continue to cause snow and ice melt, sea level rise, ocean acidification, loss of permafrost, increased severity of storm events, significant changes in precipitation patterns, biodiversity loss, spread of certain insect-borne diseases, and the displacement of human populat ...
Successfully Preparing for Climate Change in New York State
... Those at higher risk may experience a greater severity of impact, be less able to engage in adaptive behaviors to minimize exposures, and have reduced ability to recover from climate related events. Challenges in developing this comprehensive report included limitations in projecting climate change ...
... Those at higher risk may experience a greater severity of impact, be less able to engage in adaptive behaviors to minimize exposures, and have reduced ability to recover from climate related events. Challenges in developing this comprehensive report included limitations in projecting climate change ...
Document
... Introduce Scientific Argumentation through class discussion and Video Experience 1. Introduce the unit by telling students the class will be considering scientific arguments for the next few days. Ask students their ideas about what a scientific argument is and how scientific arguments are similar t ...
... Introduce Scientific Argumentation through class discussion and Video Experience 1. Introduce the unit by telling students the class will be considering scientific arguments for the next few days. Ask students their ideas about what a scientific argument is and how scientific arguments are similar t ...
Vol.5, No.2, 2005
... Peter Webster (Georgia Institute of Technology) and colleagues found no statistically significant increase in the world-wide frequency of tropical cyclones over the last 30 years. He did note, though, significantly more storms at category 4 and 5 levels, an indication that storms have become stronger. ...
... Peter Webster (Georgia Institute of Technology) and colleagues found no statistically significant increase in the world-wide frequency of tropical cyclones over the last 30 years. He did note, though, significantly more storms at category 4 and 5 levels, an indication that storms have become stronger. ...
Report
... that Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 0.6°C during the 20th Century and is projected to continue to increase by an additional 1.4°C to 5.8°C above 1990 levels by 2100. There is some uncertainty associated with the complex science of climate change, especially with regard to the predictive ac ...
... that Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 0.6°C during the 20th Century and is projected to continue to increase by an additional 1.4°C to 5.8°C above 1990 levels by 2100. There is some uncertainty associated with the complex science of climate change, especially with regard to the predictive ac ...
Links between Ozone and Climate
... Atmospheric ozone is affected by climate change • Increases in CO2 cool the stratosphere Slows down the rate of gas-phase ozone destruction O3 increase Tendency to increase loss in polar latitudes • Increase in GHGs changes the stratospheric circulation Changed circulation changes stratospheric o ...
... Atmospheric ozone is affected by climate change • Increases in CO2 cool the stratosphere Slows down the rate of gas-phase ozone destruction O3 increase Tendency to increase loss in polar latitudes • Increase in GHGs changes the stratospheric circulation Changed circulation changes stratospheric o ...
Climate Solutions in California Agriculture
... systems is that organic farmers are prohibited from using the fossil fuel-based synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides that can increase a farm’s carbon footprint.43 Instead, organic systems use inputs with up to 30 percent less embedded energy than conventionally managed systems, resulti ...
... systems is that organic farmers are prohibited from using the fossil fuel-based synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides that can increase a farm’s carbon footprint.43 Instead, organic systems use inputs with up to 30 percent less embedded energy than conventionally managed systems, resulti ...
Impact of climate change on Least Developed Countries: are the
... CO2 uptake is increasing the ocean’s acidity, threatening shellfish by reducing their ability to form shells. Warming can also cause oxygen levels to fall and, in extreme cases, ‘dead zones’ may form. The IPCC argues reducing CO2 is the most effective and least risky method to tackle acidification ( ...
... CO2 uptake is increasing the ocean’s acidity, threatening shellfish by reducing their ability to form shells. Warming can also cause oxygen levels to fall and, in extreme cases, ‘dead zones’ may form. The IPCC argues reducing CO2 is the most effective and least risky method to tackle acidification ( ...
1 Conflict and Accommodation in International Environmental
... The emergence of global environmental concerns such as ozone depletion and climate change has shifted concern from local and regional impacts to potentially catastrophic and irreversible changes in the earth's biosphere. The prospect of mandatory curbs on production and use of fossil fuels poses a s ...
... The emergence of global environmental concerns such as ozone depletion and climate change has shifted concern from local and regional impacts to potentially catastrophic and irreversible changes in the earth's biosphere. The prospect of mandatory curbs on production and use of fossil fuels poses a s ...
Regional Seminar on Safe, Climate Adaptive and Disaster Resilient
... and Australia. There are likely more land regions where the number of heavy precipitation events has increased than where it has decreased. • Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750. In 2011 the concentrations of these greenhouse g ...
... and Australia. There are likely more land regions where the number of heavy precipitation events has increased than where it has decreased. • Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750. In 2011 the concentrations of these greenhouse g ...
Climate is changing. Food and agriculture must too.
... • Climate change is already affecting public health, food and water security. Climate change, left unchecked, will reverse development gains made over the last decades and make further gains impossible. • Investments in sustainable development will help to address climate change by reducing greenhou ...
... • Climate change is already affecting public health, food and water security. Climate change, left unchecked, will reverse development gains made over the last decades and make further gains impossible. • Investments in sustainable development will help to address climate change by reducing greenhou ...
Temperature Change in New England: 1895-2012
... Human activities started to influence the earth’s climate during the start of the Industrial Revolution around 1750. These activities altered the incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of the earth’s energy balance which causes changes in earth’s climate. Th ...
... Human activities started to influence the earth’s climate during the start of the Industrial Revolution around 1750. These activities altered the incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of the earth’s energy balance which causes changes in earth’s climate. Th ...
Discussion Paper - International Council for Science
... About 80% of world primary energy is supplied from fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels are a finite resource, although the exact timeframe over which this resource base will be depleted varies among different forms of reserves (i.e., oil, coal, natural gas) and is a function of highly uncertain esti ...
... About 80% of world primary energy is supplied from fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels are a finite resource, although the exact timeframe over which this resource base will be depleted varies among different forms of reserves (i.e., oil, coal, natural gas) and is a function of highly uncertain esti ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""