pptx - Earth and Climate
... where m is the mass of snow and ice per unit area, ui is the ice velocity and f, ez, g and are respectively the Coriolis parameter, a unit vector pointing upward, the gravitational acceleration and the sea-surface elevation. Chapter 3 Page 19 ...
... where m is the mass of snow and ice per unit area, ui is the ice velocity and f, ez, g and are respectively the Coriolis parameter, a unit vector pointing upward, the gravitational acceleration and the sea-surface elevation. Chapter 3 Page 19 ...
Multimodel projections and uncertainties of irrigation water demand
... GHMs project a consistent increase in both IWD and IWC (similar to LPJmL without CO2 fertilization effect). The spread among GHMs responding to different degree of global warming is large, suggesting that a large fraction of the spread of ensemble projections is attributed to the differences among t ...
... GHMs project a consistent increase in both IWD and IWC (similar to LPJmL without CO2 fertilization effect). The spread among GHMs responding to different degree of global warming is large, suggesting that a large fraction of the spread of ensemble projections is attributed to the differences among t ...
Mediation Tools for Resolving Community Planning and
... – Democrats will likely gain +15 in the House, +5 in Senate in 2008. – All three presidential candidates will sign climate legislation ...
... – Democrats will likely gain +15 in the House, +5 in Senate in 2008. – All three presidential candidates will sign climate legislation ...
Quantifying Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
... Their net effect H tends to resist the imposed F, and they increase together with T until H balances F. An analogy to this ‘‘resistance’’ picture is to consider the forcing F as a weight hanging on a spring whose consequent extension is T. Then l is the spring constant (tension per unit extension). ...
... Their net effect H tends to resist the imposed F, and they increase together with T until H balances F. An analogy to this ‘‘resistance’’ picture is to consider the forcing F as a weight hanging on a spring whose consequent extension is T. Then l is the spring constant (tension per unit extension). ...
Current impacts and vulnerability
... In coastal systems, vulnerability is a function of the natural characteristics of the environment (physical, chemical, biological), as well as the socio-economic characteristics that interact and modify the natural dynamics. The vulnerability of each element depends on the degree of exposure, sensit ...
... In coastal systems, vulnerability is a function of the natural characteristics of the environment (physical, chemical, biological), as well as the socio-economic characteristics that interact and modify the natural dynamics. The vulnerability of each element depends on the degree of exposure, sensit ...
Calculating the Environmental Impact of Aviation
... It is widely acknowledged that man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are causing major changes to the planet’s climate. The global average surface temperature of the earth has increased by 0.6 ºC during the 20th century and is predicted to increase by between 1.8 and 5.8 ºC ...
... It is widely acknowledged that man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are causing major changes to the planet’s climate. The global average surface temperature of the earth has increased by 0.6 ºC during the 20th century and is predicted to increase by between 1.8 and 5.8 ºC ...
US Army Corps of Engineers Reservoir Operations
... Midwest floods; the 2011 Mississippi floods) show a shift toward summer flooding in these areas. The effects of global climate change could extensively impact reservoir operations in the United States. Significant changes to reservoir inflows may lead to increased frequency of major floods as well a ...
... Midwest floods; the 2011 Mississippi floods) show a shift toward summer flooding in these areas. The effects of global climate change could extensively impact reservoir operations in the United States. Significant changes to reservoir inflows may lead to increased frequency of major floods as well a ...
Creating Futures – Lesson 5: Dealing with climate change
... spend on solutions to climate change. They have received applications from these different organisations, and using the Fund-Us Sheets they have to decide how much they are going to award each organisation. They can award it to as many organisations as they like and in unequal amounts. Children shar ...
... spend on solutions to climate change. They have received applications from these different organisations, and using the Fund-Us Sheets they have to decide how much they are going to award each organisation. They can award it to as many organisations as they like and in unequal amounts. Children shar ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... the coastal resources and infrastructures are exposed to tropical cyclones and to sea level rise. Based in the same study, the climate scenarios indicate the reduction of the national welfare. The report projects greater losses, estimated between 2 to 7 thousand million USD (real 2003) for the perio ...
... the coastal resources and infrastructures are exposed to tropical cyclones and to sea level rise. Based in the same study, the climate scenarios indicate the reduction of the national welfare. The report projects greater losses, estimated between 2 to 7 thousand million USD (real 2003) for the perio ...
Understanding Seasonal Variability in thin Cirrus Clouds from
... net radiative forcing represents one of the primary uncertainties in climate feedback, as sub-visible clouds play a fundamental role in atmospheric radiation balance and climate change. A lidar is a very sensitive optical device to detect clouds with an optical depth as low as 10-4. In this paper we ...
... net radiative forcing represents one of the primary uncertainties in climate feedback, as sub-visible clouds play a fundamental role in atmospheric radiation balance and climate change. A lidar is a very sensitive optical device to detect clouds with an optical depth as low as 10-4. In this paper we ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... change. The IPCC considers inhabitants of small islands, like Jamaica, to be some of the most vulnerable to climate change. This is because climate change will impact their societies, economies and ecosystems in ways that will increase vulnerabilities; for example with regard to food security, water ...
... change. The IPCC considers inhabitants of small islands, like Jamaica, to be some of the most vulnerable to climate change. This is because climate change will impact their societies, economies and ecosystems in ways that will increase vulnerabilities; for example with regard to food security, water ...
On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate
... (CMIP5), and analyzes inter-model differences. This is done by taking into account the fact that the climate ...
... (CMIP5), and analyzes inter-model differences. This is done by taking into account the fact that the climate ...
PDF
... Kyoto protocol, progresses in the fight against climate change are scarcely spectacular. Indeed, according the fifth report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) 1, GHG’s emissions quickly grew further between 2000 and 2010 than in each of the three previous decades. Without additi ...
... Kyoto protocol, progresses in the fight against climate change are scarcely spectacular. Indeed, according the fifth report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) 1, GHG’s emissions quickly grew further between 2000 and 2010 than in each of the three previous decades. Without additi ...
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE APPROACH
... Forests offer a valuable solution for combating global climate change: Halting tropical deforestation and degradation and allowing tropical forests to continue sequestering carbon and regrowing at current rates can provide at least 30 percent of all mitigation action needed to limit warming to 2°C.1 ...
... Forests offer a valuable solution for combating global climate change: Halting tropical deforestation and degradation and allowing tropical forests to continue sequestering carbon and regrowing at current rates can provide at least 30 percent of all mitigation action needed to limit warming to 2°C.1 ...
Impact of Climate Change on Infectious Diseases
... physiological changes in the host organism, which may increase its resistance to pathogens [12, 13]. Global climate change may also affect the microbial evolution and their stress response, as well as the emergence of new germs. Over a long period of time, many bacteria have developed mechanisms all ...
... physiological changes in the host organism, which may increase its resistance to pathogens [12, 13]. Global climate change may also affect the microbial evolution and their stress response, as well as the emergence of new germs. Over a long period of time, many bacteria have developed mechanisms all ...
Climate Change and Poverty Reduction
... 6. What Irish Aid is doing to combat climate change Irish Aid became involved in work related to climate change in the lead up to the Irish Presidency of the European Union in 2004, when the Department of the Environment requested Irish Aid assistance with issues relating to Climate Change in Devel ...
... 6. What Irish Aid is doing to combat climate change Irish Aid became involved in work related to climate change in the lead up to the Irish Presidency of the European Union in 2004, when the Department of the Environment requested Irish Aid assistance with issues relating to Climate Change in Devel ...
Carbon Emissions, Climate Change, and Impacts in India`s
... Sao Paulo’s 1.5 tonnes per capita.3 However, some caveats of the data from the ICLEI study should be noted. Their data do not include major cities such as Delhi and Mumbai, which might be contributing significantly to carbon emissions. However, the city corporations in these cities may also be contri ...
... Sao Paulo’s 1.5 tonnes per capita.3 However, some caveats of the data from the ICLEI study should be noted. Their data do not include major cities such as Delhi and Mumbai, which might be contributing significantly to carbon emissions. However, the city corporations in these cities may also be contri ...
John Sweeney - INTACT project
... If you’re younger than 30, you’ve never experienced a month in which the average surface temperature of the Earth was below the average of the entire 20th Century. ...
... If you’re younger than 30, you’ve never experienced a month in which the average surface temperature of the Earth was below the average of the entire 20th Century. ...
Climate Hype Exposed
... Computer models reliably predict global temperatures and climate changes. No, they don’t. Computer models used by the IPCC cannot possibly forecast future global temperatures, climate conditions, or flood, drought, hurricane and other events. The models employ highly simplified configurations of Ear ...
... Computer models reliably predict global temperatures and climate changes. No, they don’t. Computer models used by the IPCC cannot possibly forecast future global temperatures, climate conditions, or flood, drought, hurricane and other events. The models employ highly simplified configurations of Ear ...
The Climate System: an Overview
... climate. Because the storage of carbon and the exchange of trace gases are influenced by climate, feedbacks between climate change and atmospheric concentrations of trace gases can occur. The influence of climate on the biosphere is preserved as fossils, tree rings, pollen and other records, so that ...
... climate. Because the storage of carbon and the exchange of trace gases are influenced by climate, feedbacks between climate change and atmospheric concentrations of trace gases can occur. The influence of climate on the biosphere is preserved as fossils, tree rings, pollen and other records, so that ...
Cool Counties Policies and Programs Template
... pressing issues facing us today. Recent statements by the world’s scientific community affirm that there is no longer any doubt that human influences and activity play a major role in climate change. Acting individually to address climate change will help, but we also must have a concerted, coordina ...
... pressing issues facing us today. Recent statements by the world’s scientific community affirm that there is no longer any doubt that human influences and activity play a major role in climate change. Acting individually to address climate change will help, but we also must have a concerted, coordina ...
Supreme Court Stays the Clean Power Plan
... EPA established carbon dioxide emission performance rates for two subcategories of existing fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (EGUs): • Fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (generally, coal-fired power plants) and • Natural gas combined cycle units. ...
... EPA established carbon dioxide emission performance rates for two subcategories of existing fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (EGUs): • Fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (generally, coal-fired power plants) and • Natural gas combined cycle units. ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Call for Evidence Question and Response
... chair of the committee made explicit, “It is not part of the Committee’s remit to propose a specific methodology for the purposes on international negotiations.”5 The current long-term target, trajectory and carbon budgets under the Act, represent a starting, minimal interpretation of the UK’s inter ...
... chair of the committee made explicit, “It is not part of the Committee’s remit to propose a specific methodology for the purposes on international negotiations.”5 The current long-term target, trajectory and carbon budgets under the Act, represent a starting, minimal interpretation of the UK’s inter ...
1. Identification
... The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) is committed to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and their related targets by 2015. The main national development policy document in this respect is the "National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction II – NSAPR II (FY 2009-2011)". It ...
... The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) is committed to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and their related targets by 2015. The main national development policy document in this respect is the "National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction II – NSAPR II (FY 2009-2011)". It ...
Small Satellite Constellation for Global Aerosol Monitoring of the
... input to the stratosphere from any major volcanic eruptions (e.g., the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines, which led to a two-order of magnitude increase in the stratospheric aerosol burden). At a global scale, this increase of the stratospheric aerosol burden was mainly caused by a serie ...
... input to the stratosphere from any major volcanic eruptions (e.g., the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines, which led to a two-order of magnitude increase in the stratospheric aerosol burden). At a global scale, this increase of the stratospheric aerosol burden was mainly caused by a serie ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""