Reply to comment on ``Ground vs. surface air temperature trends
... [4] CBH appear to miss the key point of MS03 with regard to the interpretation of past temperature trends. Our analysis of this particular climate model, under the particular forcings and for the time-period discussed is not intended to be a demonstration of what actually happened in past centuries. ...
... [4] CBH appear to miss the key point of MS03 with regard to the interpretation of past temperature trends. Our analysis of this particular climate model, under the particular forcings and for the time-period discussed is not intended to be a demonstration of what actually happened in past centuries. ...
Introduction to Article 6 and New Delhi Work Programme
... Article 6 in the negotiations • Before COP 8 work on Article 6 included: - Submissions of views by Parties - Organization of workshops and side events to shape future actions/feedback - Dissemination of scientific information of the IPCC - Presentation of information in national ...
... Article 6 in the negotiations • Before COP 8 work on Article 6 included: - Submissions of views by Parties - Organization of workshops and side events to shape future actions/feedback - Dissemination of scientific information of the IPCC - Presentation of information in national ...
Extreme Weather and Climate Change
... Extreme weather, in the most obvious sense, is weather that lies outside a locale’s normal range of weather intensity. It is therefore, by definition, infrequent or rare. Extreme weather is also potentially destructive, although not all extreme weather events end in disasters. For some weather event ...
... Extreme weather, in the most obvious sense, is weather that lies outside a locale’s normal range of weather intensity. It is therefore, by definition, infrequent or rare. Extreme weather is also potentially destructive, although not all extreme weather events end in disasters. For some weather event ...
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction
... greenhouse gases act as a “blanket” which traps incoming solar energy and keeps the Earth’s surface warmer than it otherwise would be, and that an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases would lead to additional warming. The current concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is now the hig ...
... greenhouse gases act as a “blanket” which traps incoming solar energy and keeps the Earth’s surface warmer than it otherwise would be, and that an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases would lead to additional warming. The current concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is now the hig ...
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes
... The uptake of carbon dioxide by the land and ocean since the start of the industrial era has moderated the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 that would have otherwise occurred as a consequence of anthropogenic fossil fuel and land use change emissions (Canadell et al., 2007; Le Quéré et al., 2013) ...
... The uptake of carbon dioxide by the land and ocean since the start of the industrial era has moderated the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 that would have otherwise occurred as a consequence of anthropogenic fossil fuel and land use change emissions (Canadell et al., 2007; Le Quéré et al., 2013) ...
Weather and climate: changing human exposures
... about 33 °C colder (3). Changes in the composition of gases in the atmosphere alter the intensity of the greenhouse effect. This analogy arose because these gases have been likened to the glass of a greenhouse that lets in sunlight but does not allow heat to escape. This is only partially correct—a ...
... about 33 °C colder (3). Changes in the composition of gases in the atmosphere alter the intensity of the greenhouse effect. This analogy arose because these gases have been likened to the glass of a greenhouse that lets in sunlight but does not allow heat to escape. This is only partially correct—a ...
Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
... could reach twice pre-industrial levels by the middle of the twenty-first century. According to this early view, the resulting climatic changes could “markedly affect agricultural productivity over large areas,” trigger sea level rise of five meters with significant coastal flooding, and “markedly a ...
... could reach twice pre-industrial levels by the middle of the twenty-first century. According to this early view, the resulting climatic changes could “markedly affect agricultural productivity over large areas,” trigger sea level rise of five meters with significant coastal flooding, and “markedly a ...
Gray v Minister for Planning: The Rising Tide, of Climate Change
... assessment of the impacts of burning the coal (Scope 3 emissions)5 on the environment, the EA failed to comply with the direction from the DG in the EA requirements (‘EARs’) to include a ‘detailed greenhouse gas assessment’. His second argument was that in deciding that the assessment complied with ...
... assessment of the impacts of burning the coal (Scope 3 emissions)5 on the environment, the EA failed to comply with the direction from the DG in the EA requirements (‘EARs’) to include a ‘detailed greenhouse gas assessment’. His second argument was that in deciding that the assessment complied with ...
NEC Standard Presentation Format
... • Over the last ten years NOAA has, in close collaboration with decision-makers, conducted research that has enhanced the relevance, value, and accuracy of its data and forecasting tools. ...
... • Over the last ten years NOAA has, in close collaboration with decision-makers, conducted research that has enhanced the relevance, value, and accuracy of its data and forecasting tools. ...
Climate Change and Climate Change Policy as Human Sacrifice
... Europe’s summer of 2003 was the hottest since the sixteenth century, and more than 19,000 deaths on the continent were attributed to the oppressive heat.1 While no single weather event can be credited to global warming, researchers have pointed to the consistency of this summer heat wave with the pr ...
... Europe’s summer of 2003 was the hottest since the sixteenth century, and more than 19,000 deaths on the continent were attributed to the oppressive heat.1 While no single weather event can be credited to global warming, researchers have pointed to the consistency of this summer heat wave with the pr ...
Glacier response to climate change
... Superimposed on these two different climatic phases are the contrasting responses of the two types of glaciers. During the 65 years of the first phase, glacial retreat was massive. Most of the numerous fast-response, small and moderate-sized glaciers had shrunk enough to remain in near equilibrium w ...
... Superimposed on these two different climatic phases are the contrasting responses of the two types of glaciers. During the 65 years of the first phase, glacial retreat was massive. Most of the numerous fast-response, small and moderate-sized glaciers had shrunk enough to remain in near equilibrium w ...
Chapter 3 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... • An approximate balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force holds for winds and currents in many applications (geostrophic balance) (Fig. 3.4). • The Coriolis force tends to turn a flow to the right of its motion in the Northern Hemisphere (left in the Southern Hemisphere); t ...
... • An approximate balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force holds for winds and currents in many applications (geostrophic balance) (Fig. 3.4). • The Coriolis force tends to turn a flow to the right of its motion in the Northern Hemisphere (left in the Southern Hemisphere); t ...
COP 18 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
... The Model Project for Renovation to increase the Efficiency Use of Energy in ...
... The Model Project for Renovation to increase the Efficiency Use of Energy in ...
Multilevel Governance and American Influence on Canadian
... In this context, it is hardly surprising that the policy responses to climate change by Canada and the United States have been closely aligned. Those who follow Canadian and US politics also will not be surprised that the arrow of influence runs decidedly northward in the case of climate policy, jus ...
... In this context, it is hardly surprising that the policy responses to climate change by Canada and the United States have been closely aligned. Those who follow Canadian and US politics also will not be surprised that the arrow of influence runs decidedly northward in the case of climate policy, jus ...
A Decade of Synthesis and Modeling in the U.S. Joint Global Ocean
... The U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project fostered a new “social model” for conducting ocean science, one that is being closely examined and adopted by other environmental research communities and the next generation of ocean biogeochemical programs (e.g., Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Program ...
... The U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project fostered a new “social model” for conducting ocean science, one that is being closely examined and adopted by other environmental research communities and the next generation of ocean biogeochemical programs (e.g., Ocean Carbon and Climate Change Program ...
ch18_Active PRS_3e
... b) The ability of a molecule to prevent global warming c) Carbon dioxide is the most potent greenhouse gas d) Energy travels back to the Earth, after being emitted ...
... b) The ability of a molecule to prevent global warming c) Carbon dioxide is the most potent greenhouse gas d) Energy travels back to the Earth, after being emitted ...
this publication
... of remaining below 450 ppm for a feasible low-‐emission pathway (van Vuuren et al., 2007) included in the range of scenarios developed for assessment in the IPCC 5th assessment report (Representative Conc ...
... of remaining below 450 ppm for a feasible low-‐emission pathway (van Vuuren et al., 2007) included in the range of scenarios developed for assessment in the IPCC 5th assessment report (Representative Conc ...
3.47 MB - Asian Development Bank
... by extreme weather events like floods. The sea level rise is one of the future risks the coastal areas must be prepared for (IPCC, 2012). Climate change is linked with the increase of extreme weather events, i.e. increase of extreme winds, heat waves and torrential precipitation. These extreme event ...
... by extreme weather events like floods. The sea level rise is one of the future risks the coastal areas must be prepared for (IPCC, 2012). Climate change is linked with the increase of extreme weather events, i.e. increase of extreme winds, heat waves and torrential precipitation. These extreme event ...
... finally acknowledged. Stakeholders who affected the policy processes included industry, government and academic scientists, journalists, nongovernmental organizations, and the general public. The role of information – what information was available, to whom, when, and with what credibility – was key ...
Climate Psychology in Cartoons - Association of Energy Engineers
... Point 1: Know your audience ... ... and expect them to have different mental models than scientists’. Newcomers to the climate issue might be sick of getting too much ice in their Dr. Pepper, so explain how sea ice is different ...
... Point 1: Know your audience ... ... and expect them to have different mental models than scientists’. Newcomers to the climate issue might be sick of getting too much ice in their Dr. Pepper, so explain how sea ice is different ...
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... Roughly 40 years ago, a small group of scientists and policy makers began to realize that humanity was on a dramatic collision course, as the rapidly growing world economy and population threatened to collide with the planet’s finite resources and fragile ecosystems. The danger was first highlighted ...
... Roughly 40 years ago, a small group of scientists and policy makers began to realize that humanity was on a dramatic collision course, as the rapidly growing world economy and population threatened to collide with the planet’s finite resources and fragile ecosystems. The danger was first highlighted ...
strawman_ccac_plan_of_action_103108
... Options BEFORE the inventory and impacts assessments are complete. There are two main features to the work: 1. Establishing reduction goals (targets) and timeframes, and 2. Developing and evaluating GHG Reduction Options We encourage the CCAC to at least set some preliminary targets that can frame t ...
... Options BEFORE the inventory and impacts assessments are complete. There are two main features to the work: 1. Establishing reduction goals (targets) and timeframes, and 2. Developing and evaluating GHG Reduction Options We encourage the CCAC to at least set some preliminary targets that can frame t ...
170-179
... floods and droughts in Pakistan. This paper analyses the impacts of climate change on energy and water sector of Pakistan in future. Based on its findings it recommends certain policy changes as well as changes in the mindset of policy makers and planners regarding managing and mitigating vulnerabil ...
... floods and droughts in Pakistan. This paper analyses the impacts of climate change on energy and water sector of Pakistan in future. Based on its findings it recommends certain policy changes as well as changes in the mindset of policy makers and planners regarding managing and mitigating vulnerabil ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""