Climate change justice and the global policy mix
... Recent research indicates that achieving a 29-70 per cent chance of avoiding dangerous climate change by meeting the 2oC objective would require policies being adopted that result in no more than 2000 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)-equivalent being emitted in the 2000-2050 period, of which r ...
... Recent research indicates that achieving a 29-70 per cent chance of avoiding dangerous climate change by meeting the 2oC objective would require policies being adopted that result in no more than 2000 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)-equivalent being emitted in the 2000-2050 period, of which r ...
Thermal Expansion Activity (Teacher version)
... Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) has risen by 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters). However, the annual rate of rise over the past 20 years has been 0.13 inches (3.2 millimeters) a year, roughly twice the average speed of the preceding 80 years. Over the past century, the burning of fossil fuels and oth ...
... Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) has risen by 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters). However, the annual rate of rise over the past 20 years has been 0.13 inches (3.2 millimeters) a year, roughly twice the average speed of the preceding 80 years. Over the past century, the burning of fossil fuels and oth ...
- Eionet Forum
... The Law on protection and rescue prescribes a set of measures and activities to prevent danger of natural disasters, technological accidents and other disasters. In order to effectively protect the population and the material heritage against possible disasters and preventing the spreading of risk, ...
... The Law on protection and rescue prescribes a set of measures and activities to prevent danger of natural disasters, technological accidents and other disasters. In order to effectively protect the population and the material heritage against possible disasters and preventing the spreading of risk, ...
LEARN ABOUT… Climate change and ozone depletion
... results for the data sets. Grey line and grey range give multi-model mean and ±2 standard deviation range of annual mean anomalies [6]. In the Antarctic The Antarctic is the polar region of the southern hemisphere where the ozone hole develops every year from about mid-August to the end of the year, ...
... results for the data sets. Grey line and grey range give multi-model mean and ±2 standard deviation range of annual mean anomalies [6]. In the Antarctic The Antarctic is the polar region of the southern hemisphere where the ozone hole develops every year from about mid-August to the end of the year, ...
SUBSTITUTION OF NATURAL GAS FOR COAL: CLIMATIC
... higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 1996). In this study, we use the replacement of coal use by natural gas in the e ...
... higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 1996). In this study, we use the replacement of coal use by natural gas in the e ...
Paying for carbon emissions reduction
... The first airline in the UK to offer a voluntary carbon offset was British Airways (BA), which introduced its scheme in 2005. The price of carbon offsetting was set at £8.63/tCO2 (2007 prices) at the time. This price reflected the cost of their offset projects, such as planting trees in Uganda and d ...
... The first airline in the UK to offer a voluntary carbon offset was British Airways (BA), which introduced its scheme in 2005. The price of carbon offsetting was set at £8.63/tCO2 (2007 prices) at the time. This price reflected the cost of their offset projects, such as planting trees in Uganda and d ...
Climate, economics, and statistical thermodynamics
... Information theory explanation of the fluctuation theorem, maximum entropy production and self-organized criticality in non-equilibrium stationary states. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 36:631–641, 2003. ...
... Information theory explanation of the fluctuation theorem, maximum entropy production and self-organized criticality in non-equilibrium stationary states. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 36:631–641, 2003. ...
Population Growth as a Variable
... countries to meet the UN’s low projection. All of these nations have received substantial economic benefit from this reduction. All have achieved greater freedom for women, with higher education levels and workforce participation, than their non-family planning neighbours. Ask the women of South Kor ...
... countries to meet the UN’s low projection. All of these nations have received substantial economic benefit from this reduction. All have achieved greater freedom for women, with higher education levels and workforce participation, than their non-family planning neighbours. Ask the women of South Kor ...
Neil Bird - Tracking climate finance in budgetary systems
... 1. to identify the scale and trends of planned and actual expenditure on climate change actions; and 2. to understand expenditure patterns of climate sensitive spending agencies in the public sector. • The review focussed on financial information contained in the Government of Nepal’s Estimates of E ...
... 1. to identify the scale and trends of planned and actual expenditure on climate change actions; and 2. to understand expenditure patterns of climate sensitive spending agencies in the public sector. • The review focussed on financial information contained in the Government of Nepal’s Estimates of E ...
Volume 3: Climate and Global Change and Risks
... The central problem of the modern theory of climate is the prediction of its changes caused by anthropogenic activities. In view of specific peculiarities of the climate system this problem cannot be solved with the use of the conventional methods repeatedly tested in natural sciences. It can be sta ...
... The central problem of the modern theory of climate is the prediction of its changes caused by anthropogenic activities. In view of specific peculiarities of the climate system this problem cannot be solved with the use of the conventional methods repeatedly tested in natural sciences. It can be sta ...
‘Ye Olde Hot Aire’*: reporting on human tabloid press
... by their peers as top experts on the physical science of climate change—contains a strong consensus statement on this point. It reads, ‘Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse g ...
... by their peers as top experts on the physical science of climate change—contains a strong consensus statement on this point. It reads, ‘Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse g ...
THINKING LONG TERM - World Resources Institute
... parts per million (ppm) -- less than a doubling -- in the last quarter of the 21st century, and then start declining. ...
... parts per million (ppm) -- less than a doubling -- in the last quarter of the 21st century, and then start declining. ...
1/8 An experimental model to understand
... stabilise (more than 50 minutes). This means that is either necessary to wait for stabilisation in order to obtain comparable temperatures, or to start the experiments with the same initial temperature conditions and to take good notes of the temperature changes. The second solution is easier to car ...
... stabilise (more than 50 minutes). This means that is either necessary to wait for stabilisation in order to obtain comparable temperatures, or to start the experiments with the same initial temperature conditions and to take good notes of the temperature changes. The second solution is easier to car ...
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is
... change the ocean's chemical composition. Such changes can have dramatic effects on highly sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs, thus limiting the ocean's ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere on a regional scale and reducing oceanic biodiversity globally. Arctic methane emissions indirect ...
... change the ocean's chemical composition. Such changes can have dramatic effects on highly sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs, thus limiting the ocean's ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere on a regional scale and reducing oceanic biodiversity globally. Arctic methane emissions indirect ...
wetlands, biodiversity and climate change
... 2.2.1 Role of wetlands on stabilising or contributing to Climate Change Wetlands affect the levels of atmospheric carbon in two ways: Many wetlands, particularly boreal and tropical peatlands, are carbon reservoirs. Carbon is contained in the standing crops of trees and other vegetation and in litte ...
... 2.2.1 Role of wetlands on stabilising or contributing to Climate Change Wetlands affect the levels of atmospheric carbon in two ways: Many wetlands, particularly boreal and tropical peatlands, are carbon reservoirs. Carbon is contained in the standing crops of trees and other vegetation and in litte ...
there once was an island te henua e nnoho
... 5. In Chapter 3, we travel to the garden island with Teloo Fakatutufenua where he shows us his garden, from which he harvests giant swamp taro. The giant swamp taro is intolerant of the saltwater. In areas where it once grew, there is now none. Teloo sadly says, “There is nothing we can do ...
... 5. In Chapter 3, we travel to the garden island with Teloo Fakatutufenua where he shows us his garden, from which he harvests giant swamp taro. The giant swamp taro is intolerant of the saltwater. In areas where it once grew, there is now none. Teloo sadly says, “There is nothing we can do ...
The Myopia of Imperfect Climate Models: The Case of UKCP09
... The United Kingdom Climate Impacts Program’s UKCP09 project aims to answer exactly such questions by making high-resolution forecasts of 21st century climate.3 It generates its predictions using state of the art global climate models. The IPCC has confidence that these models have some skill at cont ...
... The United Kingdom Climate Impacts Program’s UKCP09 project aims to answer exactly such questions by making high-resolution forecasts of 21st century climate.3 It generates its predictions using state of the art global climate models. The IPCC has confidence that these models have some skill at cont ...
House science testimony apr 15 final - Climate Etc.
... Human-caused warming depends not only on increases in greenhouse gases but also on how ‘sensitive’ the climate is to these increases. Climate sensitivity is defined as the global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles. If climate sensitivity is ...
... Human-caused warming depends not only on increases in greenhouse gases but also on how ‘sensitive’ the climate is to these increases. Climate sensitivity is defined as the global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles. If climate sensitivity is ...
East Africa
... applied in our work, including statistical tests, are discussed in Part I. Return levels are estimated from the fitted GPD. Return levels are frequently used in extreme precipitation studies in climate research (e.g., Kharin and Zwiers 2000; Meehl et al. 2005; Kharin et al. 2007) because of the simp ...
... applied in our work, including statistical tests, are discussed in Part I. Return levels are estimated from the fitted GPD. Return levels are frequently used in extreme precipitation studies in climate research (e.g., Kharin and Zwiers 2000; Meehl et al. 2005; Kharin et al. 2007) because of the simp ...
The Effects and Linkages of Deforestation and Temperature on
... and so on. Spore, 2011 reported that forests also play a pivotal role in providing water resources, due to their influence on volumes and distribution of rainfall, the dynamics of water in soil and the quantities of water discharged into the atmosphere in the form of vapour. The importance of forest ...
... and so on. Spore, 2011 reported that forests also play a pivotal role in providing water resources, due to their influence on volumes and distribution of rainfall, the dynamics of water in soil and the quantities of water discharged into the atmosphere in the form of vapour. The importance of forest ...
Growing trees to sequester carbon in the UK
... levels, and in many areas by enhanced atmospheric N deposition. In the UK, this CO2 and Nfertilization sink could be of the order 2 MtC a–1. All these terrestrial sinks are offset by losses of soil organic carbon in other UK land areas due to increased cultivation, urbanization, drainage of peatland ...
... levels, and in many areas by enhanced atmospheric N deposition. In the UK, this CO2 and Nfertilization sink could be of the order 2 MtC a–1. All these terrestrial sinks are offset by losses of soil organic carbon in other UK land areas due to increased cultivation, urbanization, drainage of peatland ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... ‘Cultural politics’ is a short-hand term used to describe politicized processes by which meaning is contested and negotiated across spaces and over time. This involves not only what representations and messages are taken up in the public arena and gain traction, but it also accounts for those that ...
... ‘Cultural politics’ is a short-hand term used to describe politicized processes by which meaning is contested and negotiated across spaces and over time. This involves not only what representations and messages are taken up in the public arena and gain traction, but it also accounts for those that ...
CaseStudy_GLAM_TJanes
... • Confidence is highest for regions which do not exceed Topt (project large decreases in crop yield) ...
... • Confidence is highest for regions which do not exceed Topt (project large decreases in crop yield) ...
Operating in Limits: Defining an Australian
... way to link short- and long-term emissions reduction targets to a scientifically robust ‘carbon budget’ for the nation. The development of this national carbon budget is now central to the deliberations of the Climate Change Authority (the Authority). The Authority is an independent body, which prov ...
... way to link short- and long-term emissions reduction targets to a scientifically robust ‘carbon budget’ for the nation. The development of this national carbon budget is now central to the deliberations of the Climate Change Authority (the Authority). The Authority is an independent body, which prov ...
Climate change: a framework for a global agreement in 2015
... responsible for developing, passing and amending laws and ensuring that these are implemented, as well as approving national budgets and holding climate negotiators accountable. It is crucial to build capacity amongst legislators in order to maximise their potential to have a positive influence on i ...
... responsible for developing, passing and amending laws and ensuring that these are implemented, as well as approving national budgets and holding climate negotiators accountable. It is crucial to build capacity amongst legislators in order to maximise their potential to have a positive influence on i ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""