Climate and Carbon Cycle
... least, one order of magnitude smaller. Nonetheless, paleoclimate studies clearly indicate that global temperature variations are largely related to CO2 and CH4 concentrations changes. This conclusion is based on the both gases concentrations in the ice core collected in the Antarctic (Lake Vostok). ...
... least, one order of magnitude smaller. Nonetheless, paleoclimate studies clearly indicate that global temperature variations are largely related to CO2 and CH4 concentrations changes. This conclusion is based on the both gases concentrations in the ice core collected in the Antarctic (Lake Vostok). ...
Sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to decadal and
... As mentioned in the Introduction, a complete collapse of the THC is unlikely during the next 20 years (IPCC, 2007), but previous studies have revealed substantial uncertainties in the model’s THC response (Stouffer et al., 2006). The THC is potentially sensitive to the addition of freshwater and to ...
... As mentioned in the Introduction, a complete collapse of the THC is unlikely during the next 20 years (IPCC, 2007), but previous studies have revealed substantial uncertainties in the model’s THC response (Stouffer et al., 2006). The THC is potentially sensitive to the addition of freshwater and to ...
Denman-Opening_Talk
... • Annual rates of emissions of CO2 are increasing, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future (at least 30 years, due to coal generation plants) [see next 2 slides] • Polluting aerosols will be tackled and reduced due their short atmospheric lifetimes and to the more immediate threat to h ...
... • Annual rates of emissions of CO2 are increasing, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future (at least 30 years, due to coal generation plants) [see next 2 slides] • Polluting aerosols will be tackled and reduced due their short atmospheric lifetimes and to the more immediate threat to h ...
Chapter Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for
... such assessment is possible (medium confidence). The globally averaged combined land and ocean surface temperature data as calculated by a linear trend show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C 2 over the period 1880 to 2012, when multiple independently produced datasets exist (Figure SPM.1a). {1.1.1 ...
... such assessment is possible (medium confidence). The globally averaged combined land and ocean surface temperature data as calculated by a linear trend show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C 2 over the period 1880 to 2012, when multiple independently produced datasets exist (Figure SPM.1a). {1.1.1 ...
Borehole paleoclimatology – the effect of deep lakes and “heat
... 20 m depth. The warming rate of 0.05 C/yr. at the Czech observatory (located in a park within the campus of the Geophysical Institute in Prague) was estimated. This warming rate is two times more than the simulated value (using the surface air temperature as a forcing function). It was assumed that ...
... 20 m depth. The warming rate of 0.05 C/yr. at the Czech observatory (located in a park within the campus of the Geophysical Institute in Prague) was estimated. This warming rate is two times more than the simulated value (using the surface air temperature as a forcing function). It was assumed that ...
Attribution of Weather and Climate-Related Extreme Events
... The extent to which a specific damaging weather event could be blamed on greenhouse gas emissions is of relevance in legal contexts, since attempts to seek redress for harm caused by emissions or, as in the case of six states before the US Supreme Court, to force power companies to cut their emissio ...
... The extent to which a specific damaging weather event could be blamed on greenhouse gas emissions is of relevance in legal contexts, since attempts to seek redress for harm caused by emissions or, as in the case of six states before the US Supreme Court, to force power companies to cut their emissio ...
150716_CWCF statement on climate change_final
... CWCF joins a diverse and growing movement within society described in the backgrounder. ...
... CWCF joins a diverse and growing movement within society described in the backgrounder. ...
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate - Recent Research Results
... FIGURE SPM-2. Global-average radiative forcing (RF) estimates and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level ...
... FIGURE SPM-2. Global-average radiative forcing (RF) estimates and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level ...
Disaster risk reduction in a changing climate: Advocacy
... • Millions of people in the region living in areas potentially affected by tsunami including Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Oman, Syria, Lebanon and Somalia. • The region is highly vulnerable to climate change, with the world's worst water scarcity & reliance on climatesensitive agricultural sector and concen ...
... • Millions of people in the region living in areas potentially affected by tsunami including Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Oman, Syria, Lebanon and Somalia. • The region is highly vulnerable to climate change, with the world's worst water scarcity & reliance on climatesensitive agricultural sector and concen ...
Sensitivity of thermohaline circulation to decadal
... As mentioned in the Introduction, a complete collapse of the THC is unlikely during the next 20 years (IPCC, 2007), but previous studies have revealed substantial uncertainties in the model’s THC response (Stouffer et al., 2006). The THC is potentially sensitive to the addition of freshwater and to ...
... As mentioned in the Introduction, a complete collapse of the THC is unlikely during the next 20 years (IPCC, 2007), but previous studies have revealed substantial uncertainties in the model’s THC response (Stouffer et al., 2006). The THC is potentially sensitive to the addition of freshwater and to ...
8-1 THE PREDICTED EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING AND
... characteristics were recorded. Results showed that higher temperatures yielded better plant growth, though this might have also been because of variable light settings or water intake. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, led to grass with overall greater biomass but less height. These conclusions hav ...
... characteristics were recorded. Results showed that higher temperatures yielded better plant growth, though this might have also been because of variable light settings or water intake. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, led to grass with overall greater biomass but less height. These conclusions hav ...
ICTs and Climate Change
... standards, unlike those of many other standards bodies, forums or consortium that claim to produce global and open standards, available free of charge Publicly available database of products and services meeting ITU standards Organizing interoperability events to prove interoperability of different ...
... standards, unlike those of many other standards bodies, forums or consortium that claim to produce global and open standards, available free of charge Publicly available database of products and services meeting ITU standards Organizing interoperability events to prove interoperability of different ...
Slide 1
... Smaller future meridional SST gradient Maximum equatorial warming is a robust response to greenhouse warming (e.g., Xie et al., 2010 J. Climate) ...
... Smaller future meridional SST gradient Maximum equatorial warming is a robust response to greenhouse warming (e.g., Xie et al., 2010 J. Climate) ...
OESCHGER, HANS (b. Ottenbach, Zürich, Switzerland, 2 April 1927
... This required quantitative interpretation of the data, and hence models needed to be formulated. In 1975 Oeschger devised the first model of the global carbon cycle with a realistic representation of the relevant ocean processes. The model consisted of a small number of boxes representing different ...
... This required quantitative interpretation of the data, and hence models needed to be formulated. In 1975 Oeschger devised the first model of the global carbon cycle with a realistic representation of the relevant ocean processes. The model consisted of a small number of boxes representing different ...
Quantifying the impacts of land surface schemes and dynamic
... budgets over land surface are important steps toward improving our confidence in climate change projections. In this study, the contribution of land surface models to the inter-GCM variation of projected future changes in land surface energy and water fluxes are assessed based on output from 19 global ...
... budgets over land surface are important steps toward improving our confidence in climate change projections. In this study, the contribution of land surface models to the inter-GCM variation of projected future changes in land surface energy and water fluxes are assessed based on output from 19 global ...
Climate Change Strategy - West Gippsland Catchment Management
... The West Gippsland region has been exposed to major climate related events, including wildfire, flood and drought in recent times. These events have had a significant impact on the natural environment, including native habitat and biodiversity, waterways, coastal ecosystems and soils; all of which a ...
... The West Gippsland region has been exposed to major climate related events, including wildfire, flood and drought in recent times. These events have had a significant impact on the natural environment, including native habitat and biodiversity, waterways, coastal ecosystems and soils; all of which a ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION
... The climate is a key ingredient in the Earth's complex system that sustains human life and wellbeing. According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to human activity, largely combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, are ...
... The climate is a key ingredient in the Earth's complex system that sustains human life and wellbeing. According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to human activity, largely combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, are ...
Southern California Regional Adaptation Efforts to Climate Change
... Public Health Impacts and Vector-Borne Diseases In addition to the aforementioned health impacts, hot temperatures and drought conditions can contribute to the spread of diseases by aiding development and spread of the vectors that transmit them (Drechsler et al. 2006). A vector-borne disease (VBD) ...
... Public Health Impacts and Vector-Borne Diseases In addition to the aforementioned health impacts, hot temperatures and drought conditions can contribute to the spread of diseases by aiding development and spread of the vectors that transmit them (Drechsler et al. 2006). A vector-borne disease (VBD) ...
GENERAL Climate Change, Water and Policy-making in
... Mediterranean from high-resolution regional climate models give clear scientific backing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections for the region. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC predicts that, for the southern and eastern Mediterranean, warming over the 21st cent ...
... Mediterranean from high-resolution regional climate models give clear scientific backing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections for the region. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC predicts that, for the southern and eastern Mediterranean, warming over the 21st cent ...
Article ID: 1673-1719 (2006) Suppl - China Climate Change Info-Net
... Abstract: Based on the1960-1999 daily radiosounding data from twelve stations in Xinjiang, which is divided into four sub-areas, the Altai Mountains, the northern and southern slopes of Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains by climate features and latitude distribution, trends of the annual me ...
... Abstract: Based on the1960-1999 daily radiosounding data from twelve stations in Xinjiang, which is divided into four sub-areas, the Altai Mountains, the northern and southern slopes of Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains by climate features and latitude distribution, trends of the annual me ...
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol: Implications for the Future Cédric Philibert
... The main strength of this architecture is in quantified objectives and emissions trading. Most greenhouse gases have no direct local environmental effects; they rapidly mix in the atmosphere, and where they are emitted does not matter. Emissions trading, therefore, does not modify the environmental ...
... The main strength of this architecture is in quantified objectives and emissions trading. Most greenhouse gases have no direct local environmental effects; they rapidly mix in the atmosphere, and where they are emitted does not matter. Emissions trading, therefore, does not modify the environmental ...
The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification
... here for specific sites in Greenland and Antarctica is likely to be of similar amplitude in the rest of the polar regions covered by snow or ice. In the polar atmosphere, dust aerosols tend to cool the lower and warm the higher troposphere, thus increasing atmospheric stability, and therefore amplif ...
... here for specific sites in Greenland and Antarctica is likely to be of similar amplitude in the rest of the polar regions covered by snow or ice. In the polar atmosphere, dust aerosols tend to cool the lower and warm the higher troposphere, thus increasing atmospheric stability, and therefore amplif ...
Document
... that Siberian ecosystems will be substantially altered by end of this century. In the above scenarios, the areas of tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga would decrease from the current 81.5% to 30 (50)% by 2080, and forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert zones will expand from 18% to 67 (50)%, respective ...
... that Siberian ecosystems will be substantially altered by end of this century. In the above scenarios, the areas of tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga would decrease from the current 81.5% to 30 (50)% by 2080, and forest-steppe, steppe, and semidesert zones will expand from 18% to 67 (50)%, respective ...
Are cultures endangered by climate change? Yes, but
... nation-states and their notions of fixed territories.11,12 But does this mean that the peoples so affected are at risk of losing their cultures? To address this question, let’s look at one recent example of environmental (but not necessarily climate related) damages related to a ‘natural disaster’. ...
... nation-states and their notions of fixed territories.11,12 But does this mean that the peoples so affected are at risk of losing their cultures? To address this question, let’s look at one recent example of environmental (but not necessarily climate related) damages related to a ‘natural disaster’. ...
PDF
... depletion was linked with other human pressures on the environment. Possibly the most serious of human impacts is the injection of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The reality of the impact of climate change on agricultural development has started showing signs (Adams et al, 1988; Fischer et al ...
... depletion was linked with other human pressures on the environment. Possibly the most serious of human impacts is the injection of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The reality of the impact of climate change on agricultural development has started showing signs (Adams et al, 1988; Fischer et al ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""