Co-benefits of global greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality
... • Monetized co-benefits in 2050 are $74 (46-101) per ton CO2 reduced at low VSL, $220 (140-304) at high VSL. • Foreign GHG mitigation accounts for 62% of the total avoided deaths from O3, and 15% for PM2.5. • Previous regional or national co‐benefits studies may underestimate the full co‐benefits of ...
... • Monetized co-benefits in 2050 are $74 (46-101) per ton CO2 reduced at low VSL, $220 (140-304) at high VSL. • Foreign GHG mitigation accounts for 62% of the total avoided deaths from O3, and 15% for PM2.5. • Previous regional or national co‐benefits studies may underestimate the full co‐benefits of ...
APH-13 - Laboratory for Remote Sensing Hydrology and Spatial
... global climate to various perturbations and to predict the course it will following in the future. • The GCMs cannot represent the global climate in the same details as the numerical weather predictions because they must be run for decades and even centuries ahead in order to consider possible chang ...
... global climate to various perturbations and to predict the course it will following in the future. • The GCMs cannot represent the global climate in the same details as the numerical weather predictions because they must be run for decades and even centuries ahead in order to consider possible chang ...
madagascar`s intended nationally determined contribution
... involvement to fight climate change. It contains actions reflecting contributions to the GHG emissions reduction and absorption. The document decrypt the country’s overall climate policy, and demonstrates clearly the national ambitions to contribute for a successful, legally binding, fair, and equit ...
... involvement to fight climate change. It contains actions reflecting contributions to the GHG emissions reduction and absorption. The document decrypt the country’s overall climate policy, and demonstrates clearly the national ambitions to contribute for a successful, legally binding, fair, and equit ...
Executive Summary
... line with meeting the 1.5° C or 2° C targets, and are still increasing. In 2010, in absolute levels, developing countries accounted for about 60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. The most recent estimates of global greenhouse gas emissions are for 2010 and amount to 50.1 gigatonnes of carb ...
... line with meeting the 1.5° C or 2° C targets, and are still increasing. In 2010, in absolute levels, developing countries accounted for about 60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. The most recent estimates of global greenhouse gas emissions are for 2010 and amount to 50.1 gigatonnes of carb ...
Vulnerability of land cover and land use due to progress of
... forest cover may cause somewhat higher summer and winter temperatures. Thus, forests may have both direct and indirect contributions to natural and anthropogenic climate forcing (land use change, forest destruction or forestation). The impact of energy balance on climate due to past land use changes ...
... forest cover may cause somewhat higher summer and winter temperatures. Thus, forests may have both direct and indirect contributions to natural and anthropogenic climate forcing (land use change, forest destruction or forestation). The impact of energy balance on climate due to past land use changes ...
Climate Change and Inland Forests of Washington
... Improving the resilience of live trees can help to reduce the positive feedback that occurs when insect mortality increases the amount of dead biomass available when a fire is ignited. Thinning forests to reduce their vulnerability to fire requires that the cut biomass be removed to effectively redu ...
... Improving the resilience of live trees can help to reduce the positive feedback that occurs when insect mortality increases the amount of dead biomass available when a fire is ignited. Thinning forests to reduce their vulnerability to fire requires that the cut biomass be removed to effectively redu ...
article - Minnesota Public Radio
... Canada and the northern lake states of the US, where fire Stand-killing disturbances, such as fire and wind, can give frequency is predicted to increase with global warming tree species adapted to a warmer climate a chance to (Flannigan et al. 2001). A variety of vegetation types replace existing sp ...
... Canada and the northern lake states of the US, where fire Stand-killing disturbances, such as fire and wind, can give frequency is predicted to increase with global warming tree species adapted to a warmer climate a chance to (Flannigan et al. 2001). A variety of vegetation types replace existing sp ...
Junk Mail`s Impact on Global Warming
... our planet is warming at an unsustainable rate. Taking on climate change is going to require some hard choices. But there’s one choice we can make that won’t be hard at all: getting rid of junk mail that we never wanted in the first place. This report reveals one of the most appalling and little-kno ...
... our planet is warming at an unsustainable rate. Taking on climate change is going to require some hard choices. But there’s one choice we can make that won’t be hard at all: getting rid of junk mail that we never wanted in the first place. This report reveals one of the most appalling and little-kno ...
Adapting to climate change in practice
... Moderator: Andreas Vetter, Federal Ministry for the Environment (D) Municipalities, cities and regions are faced with the challenge of having to develop concepts for adapting to climate change and to implement suitable measures. For the most part, they only have limited personnel and financial resou ...
... Moderator: Andreas Vetter, Federal Ministry for the Environment (D) Municipalities, cities and regions are faced with the challenge of having to develop concepts for adapting to climate change and to implement suitable measures. For the most part, they only have limited personnel and financial resou ...
Trend and Change Analysis of Monthly and Seasonal Temperature
... consequences of the intensity of sunlight falling to the surface and into the earth’s atmosphere [3]. Rapid industrialization, extensive use of fossil fuels and exploding population growth is the principal cause of the pronounced late twentiethcentury warming. [4] reported, the effects and evidences ...
... consequences of the intensity of sunlight falling to the surface and into the earth’s atmosphere [3]. Rapid industrialization, extensive use of fossil fuels and exploding population growth is the principal cause of the pronounced late twentiethcentury warming. [4] reported, the effects and evidences ...
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE: THE
... This paper investigates the relationship between environmental concern and the business cycle. The fact that both have undergone such remarkable changes in recent years provides a unique opportunity to evaluate how economic conditions affect public opinion about the environment, which in turn has im ...
... This paper investigates the relationship between environmental concern and the business cycle. The fact that both have undergone such remarkable changes in recent years provides a unique opportunity to evaluate how economic conditions affect public opinion about the environment, which in turn has im ...
Introductory e-Course on Climate Change
... The interactive lessons are provided with the purpose of achieving the 4 to 5 specific learning objectives of each module, and contain 40-70 slides of content supported by case studies, videos, external links and exercises. The lessons take around 2-3 hours to complete. All modules are also availab ...
... The interactive lessons are provided with the purpose of achieving the 4 to 5 specific learning objectives of each module, and contain 40-70 slides of content supported by case studies, videos, external links and exercises. The lessons take around 2-3 hours to complete. All modules are also availab ...
EUR‐OCEANS Foresight workshop Rapid change in polar
... climate or oceanic changes or fisheries) and indirect changes (e.g. changes in prey abundance and distribution) affecting individual species and their interactions in the food webs. d. With increases in atmospheric CO2 major changes are expected in the carbonate cycle resulting in increasing acid ...
... climate or oceanic changes or fisheries) and indirect changes (e.g. changes in prey abundance and distribution) affecting individual species and their interactions in the food webs. d. With increases in atmospheric CO2 major changes are expected in the carbonate cycle resulting in increasing acid ...
Robust spatially aggregated projections of climate
... vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. We refer to the multimember mean across CESM-IC (Fig. 1, right), a ...
... vary from −1 ◦ C to +7 ◦ C for cold and +1.5 ◦ C to 5.5 ◦ C for hot extremes, respectively (Supplementary Fig. 4). Likewise, different members do not agree on the sign of changes in dry spell length and heavy precipitation intensity. We refer to the multimember mean across CESM-IC (Fig. 1, right), a ...
CLIMATE DIPLOMACY IN AFRICA
... made a number of seminal decisions to help Member States deal effectively, efficiently and equitably with the risks posed by climate change. Africa’s contribution to the design and development of the UNFCCC Within the AU, climate change is seen as a more complex phenomenon presenting a security chal ...
... made a number of seminal decisions to help Member States deal effectively, efficiently and equitably with the risks posed by climate change. Africa’s contribution to the design and development of the UNFCCC Within the AU, climate change is seen as a more complex phenomenon presenting a security chal ...
4b. GCOS-indicators_WDAC6 - World Climate Research Programme
... heating of the ocean, rising sea level, increasing ocean acidity, melting glaciers and decreasing snow, changes in arctic sea ice, changes in vegetation characteristics and distributions and land cover changes. 2. Action G4: Indicators for Adaptation and Risk: Promote definition of and research ...
... heating of the ocean, rising sea level, increasing ocean acidity, melting glaciers and decreasing snow, changes in arctic sea ice, changes in vegetation characteristics and distributions and land cover changes. 2. Action G4: Indicators for Adaptation and Risk: Promote definition of and research ...
Climate Change, Health and Future Well
... but heatwaves may also increase illness and mortality. High temperatures cause ill health through heatstroke, which can progress to death, and also through an increase in the mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory illness (Basu and Samet 2002). Some other conditions, such as multiple sclerosi ...
... but heatwaves may also increase illness and mortality. High temperatures cause ill health through heatstroke, which can progress to death, and also through an increase in the mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory illness (Basu and Samet 2002). Some other conditions, such as multiple sclerosi ...
18_Lecture_Presentation_PC
... Climate varies naturally for several reasons Milankovitch cycles = periodic changes in Earth’s rotation and orbit around the sun Alter the way solar radiation is distributed over Earth Modify patterns of atmospheric heating, triggering climate variation: periods of cold and ice (glaciation) a ...
... Climate varies naturally for several reasons Milankovitch cycles = periodic changes in Earth’s rotation and orbit around the sun Alter the way solar radiation is distributed over Earth Modify patterns of atmospheric heating, triggering climate variation: periods of cold and ice (glaciation) a ...
Cryosphere changes
... Notice from the colour difference how West Antarctica is being affected by more warming than East Antarctica. Much of East Antarctica has experienced little, if any, change. ...
... Notice from the colour difference how West Antarctica is being affected by more warming than East Antarctica. Much of East Antarctica has experienced little, if any, change. ...
Climate and Carbon Cycle
... least, one order of magnitude smaller. Nonetheless, paleoclimate studies clearly indicate that global temperature variations are largely related to CO2 and CH4 concentrations changes. This conclusion is based on the both gases concentrations in the ice core collected in the Antarctic (Lake Vostok). ...
... least, one order of magnitude smaller. Nonetheless, paleoclimate studies clearly indicate that global temperature variations are largely related to CO2 and CH4 concentrations changes. This conclusion is based on the both gases concentrations in the ice core collected in the Antarctic (Lake Vostok). ...
Download: swipa-spm - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment
... greenhouse gas concentrations continue at current rates, the melting of Arctic land-based ice would contribute an estimated 25 centimeters to sea-level rise between 2006 and 2100. Many of the smallest glaciers across the Arctic would disappear entirely by mid-century. • The Arctic water cycle will ...
... greenhouse gas concentrations continue at current rates, the melting of Arctic land-based ice would contribute an estimated 25 centimeters to sea-level rise between 2006 and 2100. Many of the smallest glaciers across the Arctic would disappear entirely by mid-century. • The Arctic water cycle will ...
A Portfolio System of Climate Treaties
... virtue: it promotes cost-effective abatement. Unfortunately, this approach has so far failed to address the more important objective, which is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately to stabilize atmospheric concentrations. 1 In this paper I explain why a strategy of breaking up the differ ...
... virtue: it promotes cost-effective abatement. Unfortunately, this approach has so far failed to address the more important objective, which is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately to stabilize atmospheric concentrations. 1 In this paper I explain why a strategy of breaking up the differ ...
Workshop-questions
... Summary of BACC Results Baltic Area Climate Change Assessment • Presently a warming is going on in the Baltic Sea region. • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the ...
... Summary of BACC Results Baltic Area Climate Change Assessment • Presently a warming is going on in the Baltic Sea region. • No formal detection and attribution studies available. • BACC considers it plausible that this warming is at least partly related to anthropogenic factors. • So far, and in the ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""