A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change
... of reality. As just one example among many, a very important part of the global warming story concerns the huge stock–flow lags and enormous built-in inertias from having such a long pipeline between greenhouse gas emissions and ultimate temperature changes. This built-in inertia causes ΔT to contin ...
... of reality. As just one example among many, a very important part of the global warming story concerns the huge stock–flow lags and enormous built-in inertias from having such a long pipeline between greenhouse gas emissions and ultimate temperature changes. This built-in inertia causes ΔT to contin ...
Understanding Climate Induced Changes in Arctic Ice
... An extremely cold environment, low levels of light and enormous mass of snow and ice characterize the Arctic region. This vast ecosystem is home to many diverse habitats and species, on the land and in the ocean, that depend on a constant amount of ice each season to survive. Arctic ice also acts as ...
... An extremely cold environment, low levels of light and enormous mass of snow and ice characterize the Arctic region. This vast ecosystem is home to many diverse habitats and species, on the land and in the ocean, that depend on a constant amount of ice each season to survive. Arctic ice also acts as ...
- OpenKnowledge@NAU
... uncertain about the cause of climate change. Among abstracts expressing a position on ACC/AGW, 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing climate change. Cook et al. (2013) also invited authors to rate their own work. Compared to abstract ratings, a smaller percentage of self-rate ...
... uncertain about the cause of climate change. Among abstracts expressing a position on ACC/AGW, 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing climate change. Cook et al. (2013) also invited authors to rate their own work. Compared to abstract ratings, a smaller percentage of self-rate ...
Rising vulnerability in the global food system: environmental pressures and climate change
... This chapter extends the arguments made in Chapter 3 by examining the resilience of agriculture to cope with a changing climate in an already pressured ecological environment that will be subject to further demands. Recall that in the four decades leading to 2050, global food supply must rise 70 per ...
... This chapter extends the arguments made in Chapter 3 by examining the resilience of agriculture to cope with a changing climate in an already pressured ecological environment that will be subject to further demands. Recall that in the four decades leading to 2050, global food supply must rise 70 per ...
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - Air Pollution Control
... For air pollution control, it is required to phase out 60M tons of steel/ iron productivity in Hebei Province, about 1/3 of total. Within it, the 3 cities, Tangshan, Handan, and Shijiazhuang must cut off 40M, 12.04M, and 4.82M tons of steel/iron productivities respectively; During the on-site survey ...
... For air pollution control, it is required to phase out 60M tons of steel/ iron productivity in Hebei Province, about 1/3 of total. Within it, the 3 cities, Tangshan, Handan, and Shijiazhuang must cut off 40M, 12.04M, and 4.82M tons of steel/iron productivities respectively; During the on-site survey ...
governance of adaptation to and mitigation of climate change on
... economic role of “climate-sensitive” sectors, such as agriculture and forestry, with significant secondary impacts. Increasing variability in the weather has been noted in all seasons, with rapid changes of short periods of extremely cold or warm weather - heat and cold waves - and periods with extr ...
... economic role of “climate-sensitive” sectors, such as agriculture and forestry, with significant secondary impacts. Increasing variability in the weather has been noted in all seasons, with rapid changes of short periods of extremely cold or warm weather - heat and cold waves - and periods with extr ...
and closing the carbon cycles (c³)
... not sufficient to just use CO2 once in production processes, because the products most likely release that embedded CO2 at the end of their lifetime. We need to expand current CCU approaches into a truly circular approach based on renewable energy only. Ultimately, in a few decades, an integrated sy ...
... not sufficient to just use CO2 once in production processes, because the products most likely release that embedded CO2 at the end of their lifetime. We need to expand current CCU approaches into a truly circular approach based on renewable energy only. Ultimately, in a few decades, an integrated sy ...
Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources
... major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller snowpacks that melt sooner to generate peak streamflows earlier in the spring and reduced summer streamflows (USGCRP 2000). More ...
... major influence on the quality and availability of activities that depend on reservoirs and streams. More rain during the winter months is expected to combine with smaller snowpacks that melt sooner to generate peak streamflows earlier in the spring and reduced summer streamflows (USGCRP 2000). More ...
Diving for science • Living highways • A history of UK coastal
... technologies being developed in the UK, allowing scientists to capture ocean and ice data from places that would otherwise be inaccessible. The observations made by instruments on the new ship will help scientists more accurately predict future climate and sea-level rise, as well as the impact of en ...
... technologies being developed in the UK, allowing scientists to capture ocean and ice data from places that would otherwise be inaccessible. The observations made by instruments on the new ship will help scientists more accurately predict future climate and sea-level rise, as well as the impact of en ...
Revenue Recycling and the Costs of Reducing Carbon Emissions
... Are there other ways that carbon tax revenues might be recycled to reap economic benefits besides cutting taxes? Yes, if the revenues were used to reduce the federal budget deficit. This would mean that less tax revenues in the future would be required for interest payments and repayment of principa ...
... Are there other ways that carbon tax revenues might be recycled to reap economic benefits besides cutting taxes? Yes, if the revenues were used to reduce the federal budget deficit. This would mean that less tax revenues in the future would be required for interest payments and repayment of principa ...
Adaptation in an era of vanishing territory – the political... of the impact of climate change versus total migration, status...
... had not previously been frequently exposed to the disease (Patz, 2005, pp. 310-317). Individuals have always had reason to move cross borders or relocate on the account of the need for medical treatment. Climate change may thus create health conditions that are projected to exacerbate the occurrence ...
... had not previously been frequently exposed to the disease (Patz, 2005, pp. 310-317). Individuals have always had reason to move cross borders or relocate on the account of the need for medical treatment. Climate change may thus create health conditions that are projected to exacerbate the occurrence ...
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How Do We Know
... mean annual temperature at the Earth’s surface, averaged over the entire globe, has been increasing in the past 200 years. There is also clear evidence that the abundance of greenhouse gases has increased over the same period. . . . Because human activities are contributing to climate change, we hav ...
... mean annual temperature at the Earth’s surface, averaged over the entire globe, has been increasing in the past 200 years. There is also clear evidence that the abundance of greenhouse gases has increased over the same period. . . . Because human activities are contributing to climate change, we hav ...
Vita
... Chowdary, J. S., S.-P. Xie, H. Tokinaga, Y. M. Okumura, H. Kubota, N. C. Johnson, and X.-T. Zheng, 2012: Inter-decadal variations in ENSO teleconnection to the Indo-western Pacific for 1870-2010. Journal of Climate, 25, 1722-1744. Lee, S., T. T. Gong, N. C. Johnson, S. B. Feldstein, and D. Pollard, ...
... Chowdary, J. S., S.-P. Xie, H. Tokinaga, Y. M. Okumura, H. Kubota, N. C. Johnson, and X.-T. Zheng, 2012: Inter-decadal variations in ENSO teleconnection to the Indo-western Pacific for 1870-2010. Journal of Climate, 25, 1722-1744. Lee, S., T. T. Gong, N. C. Johnson, S. B. Feldstein, and D. Pollard, ...
Writing Sample Kimiko Nygaard – Technical Narrative (5 pages, Appendix)
... spatial arena where climate change impacts materialize to acutely affect individuals, households, and communities. In doing so, this approach utilizes spatial geoprocessing techniques and GISbased mapping applications to examine the interface between locally observed climate change impacts, physical ...
... spatial arena where climate change impacts materialize to acutely affect individuals, households, and communities. In doing so, this approach utilizes spatial geoprocessing techniques and GISbased mapping applications to examine the interface between locally observed climate change impacts, physical ...
Enabling resilience: bridging the planning gap in Tanzania
... important local characteristics. It helps communities articulate why certain resources are important at particular times of the year and provides a resource map they can use to support effective planning. The planning process was enhanced by incorporating the Tanzania Meteorological Agency’s climate ...
... important local characteristics. It helps communities articulate why certain resources are important at particular times of the year and provides a resource map they can use to support effective planning. The planning process was enhanced by incorporating the Tanzania Meteorological Agency’s climate ...
Polar oceans in peril and a planet at risk
... Just as the receding ice is attracting the interest of those who hope to find and extract more climate-changing fossil fuels, so too is it attracting the interest of the industrial fishing industry. After having fished out many of the stocks in temperate waters, the industrial fishing fleets are now look ...
... Just as the receding ice is attracting the interest of those who hope to find and extract more climate-changing fossil fuels, so too is it attracting the interest of the industrial fishing industry. After having fished out many of the stocks in temperate waters, the industrial fishing fleets are now look ...
Lect13_PBLclouds
... Aerosol feedback Direct aerosol effect: scattering, reflecting, and absorbing solar radiation by ...
... Aerosol feedback Direct aerosol effect: scattering, reflecting, and absorbing solar radiation by ...
Strategic Plan - Department of Environmental Affairs
... The MRV of AFOLU will evolve as part of the (web-based) national climate change response M&E 4 system to track economy wide emissions. The legislative mandate for DEA to develop and implement the M&E system is outlined in Section 12 of the NCCRP. Section 10 of the NCCRP outlines how the DEA should c ...
... The MRV of AFOLU will evolve as part of the (web-based) national climate change response M&E 4 system to track economy wide emissions. The legislative mandate for DEA to develop and implement the M&E system is outlined in Section 12 of the NCCRP. Section 10 of the NCCRP outlines how the DEA should c ...
CONTENTS
... The science is clear that climate change is real and happening right now7, that greenhouse gas emissions released by human activities are the primary cause, and that the world is on a pathway towards global warming of 4 degrees C or more this century.8 On current trends, the world may enter the real ...
... The science is clear that climate change is real and happening right now7, that greenhouse gas emissions released by human activities are the primary cause, and that the world is on a pathway towards global warming of 4 degrees C or more this century.8 On current trends, the world may enter the real ...
Generating possibility distributions of scenarios for regional climate
... • Scenarios are provocative and plausible accounts of how the future might unfold. • The purpose is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty of the forces driving us toward the unknown future. • Scenarios help decision makers order and frame their thinking about the ...
... • Scenarios are provocative and plausible accounts of how the future might unfold. • The purpose is not to identify the most likely future, but to create a map of uncertainty of the forces driving us toward the unknown future. • Scenarios help decision makers order and frame their thinking about the ...
Earth Overshoot Day Contents
... how many of us there are, and 4) how much nature is able to produce. Technology and more intensive inputs have helped expand biological productivity over the years, but that expansion has not come close to keeping pace with the rate at which population and resource demand have expanded. Global Foot ...
... how many of us there are, and 4) how much nature is able to produce. Technology and more intensive inputs have helped expand biological productivity over the years, but that expansion has not come close to keeping pace with the rate at which population and resource demand have expanded. Global Foot ...
Mountain Valley - Oil Change International
... 9 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘EPA Releases First-Ever Standards to Cut Methane Emissions from the Oil and Gas Sector’ May 12, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/ epa-releases-first-ever-standards-cut-methane-emissions-oil-and-gas-sector 10 The White House, ‘Fact Sheet: Administratio ...
... 9 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ‘EPA Releases First-Ever Standards to Cut Methane Emissions from the Oil and Gas Sector’ May 12, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/ epa-releases-first-ever-standards-cut-methane-emissions-oil-and-gas-sector 10 The White House, ‘Fact Sheet: Administratio ...
Geotourism and Climate Change Paradoxes and Promises
... ocean that is subject to change but that it is severely affecting the coastline and hinterland. The larger heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere—the maritime effect—will help moderate autumn and winter cold temperatures. As ice retreats from shorelines, “winds gain a longer fetch over open ...
... ocean that is subject to change but that it is severely affecting the coastline and hinterland. The larger heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere—the maritime effect—will help moderate autumn and winter cold temperatures. As ice retreats from shorelines, “winds gain a longer fetch over open ...
Global Change and Coral Reefs
... in the atmosphere. This chart illustrates the main ways that this affects coral reefs. The best-known effect is global warming, which is the main problem behind the phenomenon of coral bleaching; and also the driver behind sea level rise, which is likely to help some reefs and to harm others. Anothe ...
... in the atmosphere. This chart illustrates the main ways that this affects coral reefs. The best-known effect is global warming, which is the main problem behind the phenomenon of coral bleaching; and also the driver behind sea level rise, which is likely to help some reefs and to harm others. Anothe ...
- Global Support Programme
... (historically) and the ones expected. Please distinguish climate change risks from base-line pressures (non climatic). Describe the consequences for the community of the possible threats. What the communities perceive is mainly the variations of meteorological patterns (temperature changes, rainfal ...
... (historically) and the ones expected. Please distinguish climate change risks from base-line pressures (non climatic). Describe the consequences for the community of the possible threats. What the communities perceive is mainly the variations of meteorological patterns (temperature changes, rainfal ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""