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... In Europe, agriculture is the main user of land and water and therefore one of the most vulnerable sectors in the region’s economy (Iglesias et al., 2007a; Ciscar et al., 2011). This is not to say, however, that climate change impacts will be uniform throughout Europe. On the contrary, climate chang ...
... In Europe, agriculture is the main user of land and water and therefore one of the most vulnerable sectors in the region’s economy (Iglesias et al., 2007a; Ciscar et al., 2011). This is not to say, however, that climate change impacts will be uniform throughout Europe. On the contrary, climate chang ...
... rise requires an interaction with WGI that provides comprehensive information on the probability distribution of the amount and timing of sea level rise, changes in extremes, regional patterns, and wave action. Special challenges of building and operating infrastructure in coastal and low-lying area ...
Eleven Antitheses on Cities and States
... The mainstream in climate science and policymaking is represented most publicly by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Climate Change Conferences (known as COP from ‘Conference of the Parties’ to the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; the meeting ...
... The mainstream in climate science and policymaking is represented most publicly by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Climate Change Conferences (known as COP from ‘Conference of the Parties’ to the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; the meeting ...
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... for voluntary carbon offsets and their co-benefits 1. Introduction Aviation is a sector that is increasingly contributing to climate change due to the rapid growth of the industry with considerable additional aircraft capacity and lower airfares in the last two decades (Mair 2011). Aviation's share ...
... for voluntary carbon offsets and their co-benefits 1. Introduction Aviation is a sector that is increasingly contributing to climate change due to the rapid growth of the industry with considerable additional aircraft capacity and lower airfares in the last two decades (Mair 2011). Aviation's share ...
Signs of Climate Change in Nordic Nature
... Northern Hemisphere is higher, and in the Nordic countries, the average temperature increase for the same period is above 1°C. For example, in Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands a temperature increase of 1.5°C was measured between 1870 and 2007 (Fig.1). Average temperatures in the Nordic count ...
... Northern Hemisphere is higher, and in the Nordic countries, the average temperature increase for the same period is above 1°C. For example, in Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands a temperature increase of 1.5°C was measured between 1870 and 2007 (Fig.1). Average temperatures in the Nordic count ...
Verma, N. M. 2014. Dynamism of building people
... important because it’s small steps that help people recognize that they have power to make a difference. But what is incredible here is that when people learn to develop Safety Culture, they start to have confidence. The key to this concept is persistence. What people tell during campaigns of Sarits ...
... important because it’s small steps that help people recognize that they have power to make a difference. But what is incredible here is that when people learn to develop Safety Culture, they start to have confidence. The key to this concept is persistence. What people tell during campaigns of Sarits ...
Garamvölgyi - Climate change - Applied Ecology and Environmental
... Indian Desert. In South America, conditions favourable for xerophytic woods are found to spread southward, conditions for savannah shift southward in South Africa and Australia as well. Xerophytic woods are expected in France, too, whereas warm mixed forest may appear over the British Isles. Asian s ...
... Indian Desert. In South America, conditions favourable for xerophytic woods are found to spread southward, conditions for savannah shift southward in South Africa and Australia as well. Xerophytic woods are expected in France, too, whereas warm mixed forest may appear over the British Isles. Asian s ...
A bitter cup: climate change profile of global production of Arabica
... learning algorithms to derive functions of climatic suitability from a database of georeferenced production locations. Use of several parameter combinations enhances the robustness of our analysis. The resulting multi-model ensemble suggests that higher temperatures may reduce yields of C. arabica, ...
... learning algorithms to derive functions of climatic suitability from a database of georeferenced production locations. Use of several parameter combinations enhances the robustness of our analysis. The resulting multi-model ensemble suggests that higher temperatures may reduce yields of C. arabica, ...
Impacts of climate change on vegetation distribution. No. 1
... Indian Desert. In South America, conditions favourable for xerophytic woods are found to spread southward, conditions for savannah shift southward in South Africa and Australia as well. Xerophytic woods are expected in France, too, whereas warm mixed forest may appear over the British Isles. Asian s ...
... Indian Desert. In South America, conditions favourable for xerophytic woods are found to spread southward, conditions for savannah shift southward in South Africa and Australia as well. Xerophytic woods are expected in France, too, whereas warm mixed forest may appear over the British Isles. Asian s ...
the greater mekong and climate change
... Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time, and is set to radically transform the world in which we live. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – from various sources including combustion of fossil fuels, forest destruction, and unsustainable agriculture practices – are causing the planet to ...
... Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time, and is set to radically transform the world in which we live. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – from various sources including combustion of fossil fuels, forest destruction, and unsustainable agriculture practices – are causing the planet to ...
Climate debt: A primer
... The IPCC has confirmed the Earth’s climate system has a limited capacity to absorb greenhouse gas emissions. These limits define a global “emission budget” or “carbon budget”, which may be larger or smaller depending on the level of temperature increase (and associated impacts on natural and human s ...
... The IPCC has confirmed the Earth’s climate system has a limited capacity to absorb greenhouse gas emissions. These limits define a global “emission budget” or “carbon budget”, which may be larger or smaller depending on the level of temperature increase (and associated impacts on natural and human s ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... distribution. The QM method correction functions are extrapolated above the present day maximum, hence downscaled precipitation events above the present maximum are possible if they are present in the future climate run. On the contrary, the WT method rely only on the SF database of analysed precipi ...
... distribution. The QM method correction functions are extrapolated above the present day maximum, hence downscaled precipitation events above the present maximum are possible if they are present in the future climate run. On the contrary, the WT method rely only on the SF database of analysed precipi ...
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... rates reach a staggering 40% of the entire population (Fischer, Shah, and van Velthuizen 2002, 1). The majority of the poor live in rural areas where agriculture is the predominant form of economic activity, and, therefore, their fate is inextricably inter-woven with that of farming. Agricultural ( ...
... rates reach a staggering 40% of the entire population (Fischer, Shah, and van Velthuizen 2002, 1). The majority of the poor live in rural areas where agriculture is the predominant form of economic activity, and, therefore, their fate is inextricably inter-woven with that of farming. Agricultural ( ...
Conflict over Climate Change Politics - GUPEA
... London Heathrow airport was brought up to be decided upon in the UK Parliament. Among obstacles for an effortless agreement were reasons concerning climate change policy. The so-called climate-bill (Climate Change Act) was carried through the UK Parliament in 2008, just months before a decision was ...
... London Heathrow airport was brought up to be decided upon in the UK Parliament. Among obstacles for an effortless agreement were reasons concerning climate change policy. The so-called climate-bill (Climate Change Act) was carried through the UK Parliament in 2008, just months before a decision was ...
LLoyd's Science of Risk Conference Booklet 2012
... Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability Losses from weather related risks are preconditioned by slowly evolving changes in ocean temperatures. Not only do these changes influence how active Atlantic Hurricanes will be over a given decade they are ...
... Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability Losses from weather related risks are preconditioned by slowly evolving changes in ocean temperatures. Not only do these changes influence how active Atlantic Hurricanes will be over a given decade they are ...
Montane forest root growth and soil organic layer depth as potential
... 2003; Taylor et al., 2009a]. Tree roots and mycorrhizal fungi accelerate weathering and leaching of cations from the soil by acidifying the weathering environment in the microscopic regions around roots and fungal mycelia through respiration, active proton extrusion during nutrient uptake, and by th ...
... 2003; Taylor et al., 2009a]. Tree roots and mycorrhizal fungi accelerate weathering and leaching of cations from the soil by acidifying the weathering environment in the microscopic regions around roots and fungal mycelia through respiration, active proton extrusion during nutrient uptake, and by th ...
Jack, Jill, and Jane in a Perfect Moral Storm
... Stephen Gardiner and others have challenged this analogy.5 Some of the charges involve claims to the effect that the stakes are much lower in the Jack and Jill case than in the climate change case; that our contributions to climate change involve collective endeavors and not only individual actions; ...
... Stephen Gardiner and others have challenged this analogy.5 Some of the charges involve claims to the effect that the stakes are much lower in the Jack and Jill case than in the climate change case; that our contributions to climate change involve collective endeavors and not only individual actions; ...
a study commissioned by Sitra
... pathway and an emissions trajectory consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C. Carbon emissions from fuel combustion and industrial processes are projected to decline due to energy efficiency and carbon neutral processes. The primary fuel mix is ...
... pathway and an emissions trajectory consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C. Carbon emissions from fuel combustion and industrial processes are projected to decline due to energy efficiency and carbon neutral processes. The primary fuel mix is ...
Climate Change: what do we know about the IPCC?
... 1988 (IPCC, 1988). The scientific and diplomatic politics surrounding the formation of this new institutional process of knowledge assessment in the late 1980s have been described and analysed by Hecht and Tirpak (1995), Franz (1997), Agrawala (1998a,b), Skodvin (2000a) and, in a rather more persona ...
... 1988 (IPCC, 1988). The scientific and diplomatic politics surrounding the formation of this new institutional process of knowledge assessment in the late 1980s have been described and analysed by Hecht and Tirpak (1995), Franz (1997), Agrawala (1998a,b), Skodvin (2000a) and, in a rather more persona ...
Chapter 12 CE
... policymaking process is a compromised policy and non-transparent political trade-off. Thus, there is no surprise that the introduced policy has been the subject of significant criticism. However, the carbon pricing legislation discussed above has been recently repealed by the present Australian gove ...
... policymaking process is a compromised policy and non-transparent political trade-off. Thus, there is no surprise that the introduced policy has been the subject of significant criticism. However, the carbon pricing legislation discussed above has been recently repealed by the present Australian gove ...
National Climate Change Response Strategy
... More specifically, since the early 1960s, both minimum (night time) and maximum (daytime) temperatures have been on an increasing (warming) trend. The minimum temperature has risen generally by 0.7 – 2.0 oC and the maximum by 0.2 – 1.3 oC, depending on the season and the region. In areas near large ...
... More specifically, since the early 1960s, both minimum (night time) and maximum (daytime) temperatures have been on an increasing (warming) trend. The minimum temperature has risen generally by 0.7 – 2.0 oC and the maximum by 0.2 – 1.3 oC, depending on the season and the region. In areas near large ...
Impact of anthropogenic absorbing aerosols on clouds and
... temperature change clearly differs than that by the much more uniformly distributed and long-last greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide, considering among others the planetary vertical and horizontal mixing scale and efficiency, and also adjustment due to long-wave radiative damping from the he ...
... temperature change clearly differs than that by the much more uniformly distributed and long-last greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide, considering among others the planetary vertical and horizontal mixing scale and efficiency, and also adjustment due to long-wave radiative damping from the he ...
before the secretary of the interior petition to list the emperor penguin
... sea ice), changes in sea ice dynamics can reduce krill populations and thus availability for predators such as emperor penguins. Containing more than half of Southern Ocean krill stocks, the southwest Atlantic sector has suffered a decline in krill density of as great as 80% since the 1970s, at leas ...
... sea ice), changes in sea ice dynamics can reduce krill populations and thus availability for predators such as emperor penguins. Containing more than half of Southern Ocean krill stocks, the southwest Atlantic sector has suffered a decline in krill density of as great as 80% since the 1970s, at leas ...
Impact analysis of climate change for an Alpine catchment using
... order of several kilometres are required to account for terrain-driven phenomena such as orographically-induced precipitation (Lee-Luv effects). ...
... order of several kilometres are required to account for terrain-driven phenomena such as orographically-induced precipitation (Lee-Luv effects). ...
DOC - Europa
... the right to determine which areas of their territory are free to be used for CO2 storage. Where exploration is required to generate the necessary information, exploration permits must be issued on a non-discriminatory basis, valid for 2 years with the possibility of extension. A detailed analysis o ...
... the right to determine which areas of their territory are free to be used for CO2 storage. Where exploration is required to generate the necessary information, exploration permits must be issued on a non-discriminatory basis, valid for 2 years with the possibility of extension. A detailed analysis o ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""