The Role of Stochastic Forcing on the Behavior of Thermohaline
... change.24 Moreover, there are other underlying uncertainties added to nonlinearity, such as the sensitivity of the THC to freshwater addition or the increasing rate and the location of this input. This lack of predictability could account for the wide range of results obtained by numerical models in ...
... change.24 Moreover, there are other underlying uncertainties added to nonlinearity, such as the sensitivity of the THC to freshwater addition or the increasing rate and the location of this input. This lack of predictability could account for the wide range of results obtained by numerical models in ...
N°20 - AFD
... The morning of interchange was spent first on presentations by representatives of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), each of which gave an update on their activities and the relevant role of the ...
... The morning of interchange was spent first on presentations by representatives of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), each of which gave an update on their activities and the relevant role of the ...
Context Analysis - Kenya livestock Marketing Council
... Tier 1 emission factors established by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) overestimate both methane and nitrous oxide emissions from cattle excreta, given typical smallholder practices in east Africa. While the pastoralists don’t contribute much to climate change they suffer from ...
... Tier 1 emission factors established by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) overestimate both methane and nitrous oxide emissions from cattle excreta, given typical smallholder practices in east Africa. While the pastoralists don’t contribute much to climate change they suffer from ...
EFC16 OARS - IFOAM Organic 3.0 and TIPI
... carbon stock would make it possible to stop the present increase in atmospheric CO2. The UNFCC recognizes this initiative by French Government as part of the Lima – Paris accord. Many Countries, regions, FAO,IFAD, GEF, CGIAR and numerous NGOS have signed on. ...
... carbon stock would make it possible to stop the present increase in atmospheric CO2. The UNFCC recognizes this initiative by French Government as part of the Lima – Paris accord. Many Countries, regions, FAO,IFAD, GEF, CGIAR and numerous NGOS have signed on. ...
b) To build capacity to reduce vulnerability to
... The Caribbean UK Overseas Territories, together with their independent neighbours, are vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change including climate variability and severe weather events. The territories are all small islands; they have narrow economic bases and are sensitive to external mar ...
... The Caribbean UK Overseas Territories, together with their independent neighbours, are vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change including climate variability and severe weather events. The territories are all small islands; they have narrow economic bases and are sensitive to external mar ...
Against the Grain: The United States and the Global Climate
... sponsor of early scientific research on climate change, dating back as far as the 1950s, including the monitoring of CO2 emissions in Hawaii and the later development of general circulation models for modelling past climates and predicting future change. The US went on to play a pivotal leadership r ...
... sponsor of early scientific research on climate change, dating back as far as the 1950s, including the monitoring of CO2 emissions in Hawaii and the later development of general circulation models for modelling past climates and predicting future change. The US went on to play a pivotal leadership r ...
Climate Change Vulnerabilities: Case Studies of the Maldives and
... also notes that these migrations, forced by “quick changes” of the climate and sudden effects on the population, are likely to increase in frequency and magnitude (Reuveny 2007). Some uptick in this frequency has already been noted: “in recent decades Asia, Africa, and Latin America have both faced ...
... also notes that these migrations, forced by “quick changes” of the climate and sudden effects on the population, are likely to increase in frequency and magnitude (Reuveny 2007). Some uptick in this frequency has already been noted: “in recent decades Asia, Africa, and Latin America have both faced ...
6 Manufacturing gas in New Zealand
... All calculations of emissions from importing HFC and PFC are done on the basis that the emissions are accounted for in the year the activity occurs. Therefore, calculation methods estimate the total emissions that will occur when the gas is released. Emissions for any bulk HFC and PFC import activit ...
... All calculations of emissions from importing HFC and PFC are done on the basis that the emissions are accounted for in the year the activity occurs. Therefore, calculation methods estimate the total emissions that will occur when the gas is released. Emissions for any bulk HFC and PFC import activit ...
REDD activities review
... • (iv) REDD Implementation Framework Development; and • (v) Economic, Social and Environmental Impact Assessment and stakeholder consultation. ...
... • (iv) REDD Implementation Framework Development; and • (v) Economic, Social and Environmental Impact Assessment and stakeholder consultation. ...
Oil Sands and Climate Change
... attention understates both the slow and limited deployment of CCS and the significant challenges in applying this technology to the oilsands sector. To date there are no operating CCS projects in the oilsands. One planned integrated project, Shell’s Quest project, will capture 35% of the emissions f ...
... attention understates both the slow and limited deployment of CCS and the significant challenges in applying this technology to the oilsands sector. To date there are no operating CCS projects in the oilsands. One planned integrated project, Shell’s Quest project, will capture 35% of the emissions f ...
Community based adaptation to climate change
... to adaptation considers how far processes of adaptation can reduce dangerous impacts of climate change and therefore defines the highest acceptable thresholds of green- house gas concentrations. This approach also supports adaptation practices that aim to lessen the impacts of increased atmospheric ...
... to adaptation considers how far processes of adaptation can reduce dangerous impacts of climate change and therefore defines the highest acceptable thresholds of green- house gas concentrations. This approach also supports adaptation practices that aim to lessen the impacts of increased atmospheric ...
2nd Joint International Workshop – June 21st 2004
... Because of the new water policy and its implementation by the Government, water has now entered the spatial planning arena. Also as a consequence of this change in policy, a new department to look at spatial planning and water management has been established at RIZA – the Department for Spatial Pla ...
... Because of the new water policy and its implementation by the Government, water has now entered the spatial planning arena. Also as a consequence of this change in policy, a new department to look at spatial planning and water management has been established at RIZA – the Department for Spatial Pla ...
beyond reaction
... 2007, CEPAL 2007)6. • Variations in rainfall will be an average of 5 percent, but could be as high as 10–20 percent, which, added to a temperature rise of 1–2°C, could reduce the production of beans, rice and corn by about 10 percent (IPCC, 2007, CEPAL, 2007)7. • Sea levels could rise between 0.4 an ...
... 2007, CEPAL 2007)6. • Variations in rainfall will be an average of 5 percent, but could be as high as 10–20 percent, which, added to a temperature rise of 1–2°C, could reduce the production of beans, rice and corn by about 10 percent (IPCC, 2007, CEPAL, 2007)7. • Sea levels could rise between 0.4 an ...
Links between climate change, conflict and governance in Africa
... annual per capita consumption of four to five per cent in Africa. On this note, the possible security threat posed by climate change generally follows three paths. Firstly, insufficient rainfall and rising temperatures may threaten people’s livelihoods, especially in the poor regions of Africa. The ...
... annual per capita consumption of four to five per cent in Africa. On this note, the possible security threat posed by climate change generally follows three paths. Firstly, insufficient rainfall and rising temperatures may threaten people’s livelihoods, especially in the poor regions of Africa. The ...
Ua `afa le Aso Stormy weather today: traditional ecological
... major role in influencing Samoa’s microclimate and its location and movement at any given time are crucial in understanding local weather and climate conditions. Beucher (1997) demonstrated that the location and movement of the SPCZ are directly linked to the relationship between the trough, pressur ...
... major role in influencing Samoa’s microclimate and its location and movement at any given time are crucial in understanding local weather and climate conditions. Beucher (1997) demonstrated that the location and movement of the SPCZ are directly linked to the relationship between the trough, pressur ...
Global climate cycles and cyclones: consequences for
... to occur in Madagascar by 2050 with increasing austral summer rainfall (January–April) and drier austral winters (July–September) in the southeastern region of Madagascar (Hannah et al., 2008; Tadross et al., 2008). Significant increases in variability of annual rainfall has also been observed in Ma ...
... to occur in Madagascar by 2050 with increasing austral summer rainfall (January–April) and drier austral winters (July–September) in the southeastern region of Madagascar (Hannah et al., 2008; Tadross et al., 2008). Significant increases in variability of annual rainfall has also been observed in Ma ...
Download (PDF)
... These papers also rely on stark linearity assumptions. While this provides considerable simplification to the analyses, they connote important departures from reality. Dutta and Radner (2004, 2005, 2006, 2009) assume linear damages; a number of researchers have argued that the impacts of climate cha ...
... These papers also rely on stark linearity assumptions. While this provides considerable simplification to the analyses, they connote important departures from reality. Dutta and Radner (2004, 2005, 2006, 2009) assume linear damages; a number of researchers have argued that the impacts of climate cha ...
Biogeosciences
... The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1; Guenther et al., 2012) incorporates recent advances in the understanding of the processes controlling biogenic emissions (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, soil moisture, carbon dioxide concentration, vegetation type, leaf age, ...
... The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1; Guenther et al., 2012) incorporates recent advances in the understanding of the processes controlling biogenic emissions (e.g., solar radiation, temperature, soil moisture, carbon dioxide concentration, vegetation type, leaf age, ...
Why countries move on with kyoto protocol w/o the US, Global
... Despite the unwillingness of the United States to embrace the Kyoto Protocol, other Annex In3 countries continue down the road that was pointed out in Kyoto. To enter into force the treaty must be ratified by at least 55 countries, including Annex I countries responsible for at least 55 percent of ...
... Despite the unwillingness of the United States to embrace the Kyoto Protocol, other Annex In3 countries continue down the road that was pointed out in Kyoto. To enter into force the treaty must be ratified by at least 55 countries, including Annex I countries responsible for at least 55 percent of ...
An abrupt drop in Northern Hemisphere sea surface temperature
... mid-twentieth century increase of sulphate aerosols in the troposphere2–4, or changes in the climate of the world’s oceans that evolve over decades (oscillatory multidecadal variability)2,5. Loadings of sulphate aerosol in the troposphere are thought to have had a particularly important role in the ...
... mid-twentieth century increase of sulphate aerosols in the troposphere2–4, or changes in the climate of the world’s oceans that evolve over decades (oscillatory multidecadal variability)2,5. Loadings of sulphate aerosol in the troposphere are thought to have had a particularly important role in the ...
The Point of No Return - Exploring Law on Cross
... and international actors are obliged to respect and ensure respect for their obligations under international law so as to prevent and avoid conditions that might lead to displacement (see for example 1998 UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Principle 5). Mitigation of climate change is a ...
... and international actors are obliged to respect and ensure respect for their obligations under international law so as to prevent and avoid conditions that might lead to displacement (see for example 1998 UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, Principle 5). Mitigation of climate change is a ...
impact of climate change on precipitation
... advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The solution of a series of equations that describe the movement of energy, momentum and various tracers (e.g. water vapour in the atmosphere and salt in the ocea ...
... advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The solution of a series of equations that describe the movement of energy, momentum and various tracers (e.g. water vapour in the atmosphere and salt in the ocea ...
http://germanwatch.org/en/download/8551.pdf
... Over the past years the Philippines, Pakistan and Russia have appeared several times in the Down 10 list. In December 2012, the Philippines were hit by Typhoon Bopha, the landfall of which claimed over 1,400 victims, topping the list for most human casualties of the year for the second year in a row ...
... Over the past years the Philippines, Pakistan and Russia have appeared several times in the Down 10 list. In December 2012, the Philippines were hit by Typhoon Bopha, the landfall of which claimed over 1,400 victims, topping the list for most human casualties of the year for the second year in a row ...
Advancing Climate Action in Queensland
... This reckless approach and lack of a strategy has left Queensland on a dangerous upwards emission trajectory at the very time we need to be reducing our emissions. It’s time to get Queensland back on track, ready to face the challenges and embrace the opportunities of the future. We will develop our ...
... This reckless approach and lack of a strategy has left Queensland on a dangerous upwards emission trajectory at the very time we need to be reducing our emissions. It’s time to get Queensland back on track, ready to face the challenges and embrace the opportunities of the future. We will develop our ...
Signs of Climate Change in Nordic Nature
... Northern Hemisphere is higher, and in the Nordic countries, the average temperature increase for the same period is above 1°C. For example, in Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands a temperature increase of 1.5°C was measured between 1870 and 2007 (Fig.1). Average temperatures in the Nordic count ...
... Northern Hemisphere is higher, and in the Nordic countries, the average temperature increase for the same period is above 1°C. For example, in Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands a temperature increase of 1.5°C was measured between 1870 and 2007 (Fig.1). Average temperatures in the Nordic count ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""