Global Change – The IGBP Series
... by Presidential Science Advisor D. Allan Bromley, into a ‘U.S. Global Change Program’ that offered the promise of political support. There were advances being made in trace metal clean techniques that yielded new insights into ocean biogeochemical processes. Lively and assertive individuals outside ...
... by Presidential Science Advisor D. Allan Bromley, into a ‘U.S. Global Change Program’ that offered the promise of political support. There were advances being made in trace metal clean techniques that yielded new insights into ocean biogeochemical processes. Lively and assertive individuals outside ...
College greenhouse gas inventory
... The Science of Climate Change An overwhelming body of scientific data today indicates that the Earth’s climate is rapidly changing and that it is mainly due to increases in emissions of greenhouse gases by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published three rep ...
... The Science of Climate Change An overwhelming body of scientific data today indicates that the Earth’s climate is rapidly changing and that it is mainly due to increases in emissions of greenhouse gases by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published three rep ...
Texas Coastal Bend Regional Climate Change Vulnerability
... between carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature variations (Figure 5; National Research Council 2010). Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap and re-emit heat into Earth’s system. With higher concentrations of GHG in the ...
... between carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature variations (Figure 5; National Research Council 2010). Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap and re-emit heat into Earth’s system. With higher concentrations of GHG in the ...
Greenland Ice Core Records and Rapid Climate Change Author(s
... human lifetime in terms of oxygen isotopic evidence (a proxy for temperature), in less than a generation (20 years) for dust content and deuterium excess (proxies for winds and sea-surface conditions), and in only a few years for the accumulation rate of snow. Similarly rapid changes have been obser ...
... human lifetime in terms of oxygen isotopic evidence (a proxy for temperature), in less than a generation (20 years) for dust content and deuterium excess (proxies for winds and sea-surface conditions), and in only a few years for the accumulation rate of snow. Similarly rapid changes have been obser ...
The representative concentration pathways: an overview
... 2) The RCPs should provide information on all components of radiative forcing that are needed as input for climate modeling and atmospheric chemistry modeling (emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and land use). Moreover, they should make such information available in a geographically expli ...
... 2) The RCPs should provide information on all components of radiative forcing that are needed as input for climate modeling and atmospheric chemistry modeling (emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and land use). Moreover, they should make such information available in a geographically expli ...
A Question of Balance - Yale Economics
... signals—such as greater high-latitude warming—that are distinguishing indicators of this particular type of warming. Recent evidence and model predictions suggest that global mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report ...
... signals—such as greater high-latitude warming—that are distinguishing indicators of this particular type of warming. Recent evidence and model predictions suggest that global mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report ...
Carbon pricing: how best to use the revenue?
... economy in a market-friendly way (Bowen, 2011). It can also raise considerable amounts of revenue for governments, which in turn raises a crucial question: how should these new revenues be spent? This question matters because the potential level of revenue from pricing carbon, whether by taxation or ...
... economy in a market-friendly way (Bowen, 2011). It can also raise considerable amounts of revenue for governments, which in turn raises a crucial question: how should these new revenues be spent? This question matters because the potential level of revenue from pricing carbon, whether by taxation or ...
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... future food demands will not be severely threatened and that economy-wide impacts on developed countries will be modest. There is, however, general agreement that climate change will lead to significant reductions in agricultural productivity in developing countries 2. Attributable to these global y ...
... future food demands will not be severely threatened and that economy-wide impacts on developed countries will be modest. There is, however, general agreement that climate change will lead to significant reductions in agricultural productivity in developing countries 2. Attributable to these global y ...
Climate Change in Kiana, Alaska - Alaska Native Tribal Health
... activity (IPCC, 2008). In Kiana, the rate of climate change can be measured in months, days, or even hours. Residents traveling the river encounter sections of collapsed riverbank that were intact only hours before. In every season of the year, the air temperature is warmer than it was in the past. ...
... activity (IPCC, 2008). In Kiana, the rate of climate change can be measured in months, days, or even hours. Residents traveling the river encounter sections of collapsed riverbank that were intact only hours before. In every season of the year, the air temperature is warmer than it was in the past. ...
Knowledge, ignorance and the popular culture: climate change
... the specialization pressures that can besiege occupational role incumbents. Whether the knowledge demands of one’s own occupational role are onerous or not, increases in the volume and complexity of information have escalated the entry costs to virtually every other knowledge domain. Research on the ...
... the specialization pressures that can besiege occupational role incumbents. Whether the knowledge demands of one’s own occupational role are onerous or not, increases in the volume and complexity of information have escalated the entry costs to virtually every other knowledge domain. Research on the ...
2012 Annual Report on the Monitoring of
... were very poor. This means that 65 percent of streams were in reference (excellent-good) or undegraded condition and 35 percent were degraded (poor-very poor). When the sums of weights associated with the sites were calculated, 5,692 km or 78 percent of the 7,300 km of total stream length assessed w ...
... were very poor. This means that 65 percent of streams were in reference (excellent-good) or undegraded condition and 35 percent were degraded (poor-very poor). When the sums of weights associated with the sites were calculated, 5,692 km or 78 percent of the 7,300 km of total stream length assessed w ...
Maske für Factsheet (Vor- und Rückseite), Stand Mai 2006
... 1.2.1. Adaptation options for water supply For these water related problems caused by changes in precipitation patterns the IPCC WGII poses some adaptation options for water supply during average/drought conditions, at the supply side as well as the demand side: ...
... 1.2.1. Adaptation options for water supply For these water related problems caused by changes in precipitation patterns the IPCC WGII poses some adaptation options for water supply during average/drought conditions, at the supply side as well as the demand side: ...
Death by Degrees: Ohio - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... trend took hold that shows no signs of stopping.1 During the past one hundred years, average global surface temperatures have increased by approximately 1 degree Fahrenheit. Each and every year from 1987 to 1999 has been one of the fifteen warmest years on record.2 Although uncertainties exist in me ...
... trend took hold that shows no signs of stopping.1 During the past one hundred years, average global surface temperatures have increased by approximately 1 degree Fahrenheit. Each and every year from 1987 to 1999 has been one of the fifteen warmest years on record.2 Although uncertainties exist in me ...
Sinks that stink - World Rainforest Movement
... A second important confusion is that between carbon reservoirs and carbon sinks. A full-grown forest is a carbon reservoir. Its carbon intake through photosynthesis is balanced with its carbon emissions. The amount of carbon contained in a forest is basically the same all the time. If the forest is ...
... A second important confusion is that between carbon reservoirs and carbon sinks. A full-grown forest is a carbon reservoir. Its carbon intake through photosynthesis is balanced with its carbon emissions. The amount of carbon contained in a forest is basically the same all the time. If the forest is ...
A new role for forests and the forest sector in the EU post
... use in support of agriculture and the forest industry are accounted in the energy sector. Emissions from bioenergy are accounted in the LULUCF sector, at the time of harvest of the wood. To avoid double counting, the burning of wood is accounted as zero emissions. Therefore, the land use sector has, ...
... use in support of agriculture and the forest industry are accounted in the energy sector. Emissions from bioenergy are accounted in the LULUCF sector, at the time of harvest of the wood. To avoid double counting, the burning of wood is accounted as zero emissions. Therefore, the land use sector has, ...
China`s Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change
... average surface temperature has increased by 0.74℃ over the past century (1906-2005), and is expected to rise by 1.1-6.4℃ by the end of the 21st century. The increase of global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the increase of atmospheric concentrations of greenho ...
... average surface temperature has increased by 0.74℃ over the past century (1906-2005), and is expected to rise by 1.1-6.4℃ by the end of the 21st century. The increase of global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the increase of atmospheric concentrations of greenho ...
![geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002432622_1-c2d3ec4f8d07362a922414ec3ed7a70c-300x300.png)
geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and
... www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/221/221.pdf) (US House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology gave simultaneous consideration to geoengineering reflected in the 2010 Report by Chairman Bart Gordon Engineering the Climate: Research Needs and ...
... www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/221/221.pdf) (US House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology gave simultaneous consideration to geoengineering reflected in the 2010 Report by Chairman Bart Gordon Engineering the Climate: Research Needs and ...
Reducing climate change impacts on agriculture: Global and
... drivers of food systems might evolve over the same period. For instance, plausible socio-economic development paths were specified by the IPCC SRES, with special reference to emissions of GHGs into the atmosphere [2,7,28]. Emissions of GHGs can then be translated into projections of climate change u ...
... drivers of food systems might evolve over the same period. For instance, plausible socio-economic development paths were specified by the IPCC SRES, with special reference to emissions of GHGs into the atmosphere [2,7,28]. Emissions of GHGs can then be translated into projections of climate change u ...
National Security in the 21st Century: How the National Security
... a more unified approach to deal with national security issues, and that need became apparent to the public at large with the attack on Pearl Harbor.78 The NSC may have originally been conceived of as an advisory group, rather than a force for implementation, but the group’s function has varied to bo ...
... a more unified approach to deal with national security issues, and that need became apparent to the public at large with the attack on Pearl Harbor.78 The NSC may have originally been conceived of as an advisory group, rather than a force for implementation, but the group’s function has varied to bo ...
Briefing Paper: Climate Change and Health
... industrialized as well as in developing countries (Huber 2011). While in Europe the consequences of heat waves – as in 2003 – are well documented this is not the case in developing countries. Without doubt the health consequences there however will be much more severe than in industrialized countrie ...
... industrialized as well as in developing countries (Huber 2011). While in Europe the consequences of heat waves – as in 2003 – are well documented this is not the case in developing countries. Without doubt the health consequences there however will be much more severe than in industrialized countrie ...
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... Gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere and clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. ...
... Gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere and clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. ...
Diverse policy implications for future ozone and surface UV in a
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
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... probability of a particular choice being made with respect to a unit change in an independent variable. In all the cases, the estimated coefficients should be compared with the base category of no adaptation. The marginal effects along with the levels of statistical significance are presented in Tab ...
... probability of a particular choice being made with respect to a unit change in an independent variable. In all the cases, the estimated coefficients should be compared with the base category of no adaptation. The marginal effects along with the levels of statistical significance are presented in Tab ...
What to Do about Climate Change Executive Summary by Indur M. Goklany
... Change was commissioned from Nicholas Stern, the erstwhile chief economist of the World Bank, by the then-chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, on behalf of the British government. It was released on October 30, 2006. The Stern Review estimated that unmitigated climate change will reduce welfar ...
... Change was commissioned from Nicholas Stern, the erstwhile chief economist of the World Bank, by the then-chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, on behalf of the British government. It was released on October 30, 2006. The Stern Review estimated that unmitigated climate change will reduce welfar ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""