Mis - Center for International Environmental Law
... could increase economic damages by approximately 0.9 percent of global output . . . approximately $150 billion. The incremental cost of an additional degree of warming beyond 3° Celsius would be even greater. Moreover, these costs are not onetime, but are rather incurred year after year because of ...
... could increase economic damages by approximately 0.9 percent of global output . . . approximately $150 billion. The incremental cost of an additional degree of warming beyond 3° Celsius would be even greater. Moreover, these costs are not onetime, but are rather incurred year after year because of ...
Does tomorrow ever come?
... necessarily broad image of lay perceptions of climate change is described in a set of exploratory studies using various approaches designed to characterize public understanding of climate change: Bostrom et al., 1994; Bord et al., 1998; Berk and Fovell, 1999; O’Connor et al., 1999; Alerby, 2000; Bla ...
... necessarily broad image of lay perceptions of climate change is described in a set of exploratory studies using various approaches designed to characterize public understanding of climate change: Bostrom et al., 1994; Bord et al., 1998; Berk and Fovell, 1999; O’Connor et al., 1999; Alerby, 2000; Bla ...
Domestic dynamics and international influence
... energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production (Townshend et al 2013b). These laws are not always motivated exclusively by concern about anthropogenic climate change, and they do not add up to a global response that would limit climate change risks to an acceptable level, often understood to m ...
... energy or promote cleaner forms of energy production (Townshend et al 2013b). These laws are not always motivated exclusively by concern about anthropogenic climate change, and they do not add up to a global response that would limit climate change risks to an acceptable level, often understood to m ...
19 Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change Coordinating Lead Authors:
... • There is new and stronger evidence of observed impacts of climate change on unique and vulnerable systems (such as polar and high-mountain communities and ecosystems), with increasing levels of adverse impacts as temperatures increase (very high confidence). • There is new evidence that observed c ...
... • There is new and stronger evidence of observed impacts of climate change on unique and vulnerable systems (such as polar and high-mountain communities and ecosystems), with increasing levels of adverse impacts as temperatures increase (very high confidence). • There is new evidence that observed c ...
Climatic Change --Manuscript Draft--
... both the present day and future were therefore calculated by subtracting the “non-fire PM2.5” concentrations from the “all-source” PM2.5 concentrations. Using this method, a small portion (~2%) of wildfire-specific PM2.5 concentrations were negative and were set to zero. Wildfirespecific PM2.5 was z ...
... both the present day and future were therefore calculated by subtracting the “non-fire PM2.5” concentrations from the “all-source” PM2.5 concentrations. Using this method, a small portion (~2%) of wildfire-specific PM2.5 concentrations were negative and were set to zero. Wildfirespecific PM2.5 was z ...
Natural hazards and farmers experience of climate change on highly
... In 2010 the total population of Uganda was 31 millions. During the last 20 years the population has increased sharply and today Uganda is one of the fastest growing populations in the world, at an annual rate of 3.4 per cent. Much because of a lower infant mortality rate due to better health care se ...
... In 2010 the total population of Uganda was 31 millions. During the last 20 years the population has increased sharply and today Uganda is one of the fastest growing populations in the world, at an annual rate of 3.4 per cent. Much because of a lower infant mortality rate due to better health care se ...
Marine Science - Archimer
... The decade 2000–2009 was the warmest decade in the instrumental record. Global average (land and sea) temperatures reached record high levels in 2009 (Hansen et al., 2010). This global trend of increasing temperature is the result of the anthropogenic input of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: t ...
... The decade 2000–2009 was the warmest decade in the instrumental record. Global average (land and sea) temperatures reached record high levels in 2009 (Hansen et al., 2010). This global trend of increasing temperature is the result of the anthropogenic input of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: t ...
Beyond generic adaptive capacity: exploring the adaptation space of
... main organizations of the water supply and wastewater (WW) sector of the Stockholm region. The article identifies and analyzes the factors that influence the feasibility and attractiveness of the adaptation options available to those organizations. The WW sector of the Stockholm region is both sensi ...
... main organizations of the water supply and wastewater (WW) sector of the Stockholm region. The article identifies and analyzes the factors that influence the feasibility and attractiveness of the adaptation options available to those organizations. The WW sector of the Stockholm region is both sensi ...
Climate change and agriculture: Agricultural trade, markets and
... crop yields over the next century. Some models predict that there will be an estimated 600 million additional people at risk of hunger if temperatures increase by 3° C (Warren et al., 2006), particularly in developing countries where people are already at risk. On the other hand, models also predict ...
... crop yields over the next century. Some models predict that there will be an estimated 600 million additional people at risk of hunger if temperatures increase by 3° C (Warren et al., 2006), particularly in developing countries where people are already at risk. On the other hand, models also predict ...
Sweden facing climate change - Government Offices of Sweden
... increasing to such an extent that stronger initiatives for preventive measures are justified. A government climate adaptation appropriation should be established in support of largescale costly initiatives. 3. The rate of forest growth will increase sharply, and conditions for agricultural productio ...
... increasing to such an extent that stronger initiatives for preventive measures are justified. A government climate adaptation appropriation should be established in support of largescale costly initiatives. 3. The rate of forest growth will increase sharply, and conditions for agricultural productio ...
Superannuation Trustees and Climate Change Report
... The 2011 floods in Queensland, for example, not only had an impact on insurance earnings,19 but also reduced production for some miners20 and forced up global coal prices, which has flow on effects for companies relying on cheap coal for profitability.21 The insurance and mining industries factor in ...
... The 2011 floods in Queensland, for example, not only had an impact on insurance earnings,19 but also reduced production for some miners20 and forced up global coal prices, which has flow on effects for companies relying on cheap coal for profitability.21 The insurance and mining industries factor in ...
Document
... the industry but situational depending on location and local environment. Previous research (outlined above) would suggest that this construct, situational risk will ultimately influence their willingness to respond to the cognitive cues that they receive. This paper draws on a quantitative assessme ...
... the industry but situational depending on location and local environment. Previous research (outlined above) would suggest that this construct, situational risk will ultimately influence their willingness to respond to the cognitive cues that they receive. This paper draws on a quantitative assessme ...
Natural Disaster, Risk and Catastrophic Scenarios: a Review.
... not significantly. This, because “the interaction between risk and ethics ... is crucial” 5 . Nevertheless it is licit to assert that some assumptions imposed by Stern (2006) are given by a “political” decision, is also true that, is possible to make this critique for any assumption framework chose ...
... not significantly. This, because “the interaction between risk and ethics ... is crucial” 5 . Nevertheless it is licit to assert that some assumptions imposed by Stern (2006) are given by a “political” decision, is also true that, is possible to make this critique for any assumption framework chose ...
wetland news - Association of State Wetland Managers
... MI) – the conference brought together over 150 scientists, policy makers, and agency staff from state, federal, local, and nonprofit organizations in a broad review of wetland and climate change issues. Highlights included a conference keynote address on wetland adaptations and climate change in the ...
... MI) – the conference brought together over 150 scientists, policy makers, and agency staff from state, federal, local, and nonprofit organizations in a broad review of wetland and climate change issues. Highlights included a conference keynote address on wetland adaptations and climate change in the ...
II. Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: Technical Summary
... IPCC reports, has been produced through an open and peerreviewed process. It builds upon past assessments and IPCC Special Reports, and incorporates the results of the past 5 years of climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability research. Each chapter presents a balanced assessment of the li ...
... IPCC reports, has been produced through an open and peerreviewed process. It builds upon past assessments and IPCC Special Reports, and incorporates the results of the past 5 years of climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability research. Each chapter presents a balanced assessment of the li ...
Evolution of marine storminess in the Belgian part of the North Sea
... to vary in time (either by step or continuously) were also applied in addition to the simple linear regression model. When using a piecewise linear regression (as proposed, e.g. by Metrevelli et al., 1980), an inflexion point was found in 1992, with a sea level rise after 1992 equal to 4.41 mm yr−1 ...
... to vary in time (either by step or continuously) were also applied in addition to the simple linear regression model. When using a piecewise linear regression (as proposed, e.g. by Metrevelli et al., 1980), an inflexion point was found in 1992, with a sea level rise after 1992 equal to 4.41 mm yr−1 ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... one of the first victims, given the history of droughts, the fact that about 85% of its population depends on rain-fed agriculture, and that the country is landlocked. Fundamentally, there are two choices to deal with the problem of climate change: mitigation and/or adaptation. Mitigation refers to ...
... one of the first victims, given the history of droughts, the fact that about 85% of its population depends on rain-fed agriculture, and that the country is landlocked. Fundamentally, there are two choices to deal with the problem of climate change: mitigation and/or adaptation. Mitigation refers to ...
Florida on the Coast of Climate Change: Responding to
... contribute to warming and sea level rise for more than a millennium," even if GHG emissions levels were immediately stabilized.' 7 Thermal expansion alone will continue for many centuries and could result in a two-and-a-half-foot increase in sea level by 2300.18 In addition, "[w]arming tends to redu ...
... contribute to warming and sea level rise for more than a millennium," even if GHG emissions levels were immediately stabilized.' 7 Thermal expansion alone will continue for many centuries and could result in a two-and-a-half-foot increase in sea level by 2300.18 In addition, "[w]arming tends to redu ...
Climate Dynamics (CLIM)
... atmospheric or climate-related research. A written report on the project is required. Notes: May be repeated with department permission. Offered by Atmospheric/Oceanic/Earth Sci. May be repeated within the degree for a maximum 6 credits. Specialized Designation: Writing Intensive in the Major Recomm ...
... atmospheric or climate-related research. A written report on the project is required. Notes: May be repeated with department permission. Offered by Atmospheric/Oceanic/Earth Sci. May be repeated within the degree for a maximum 6 credits. Specialized Designation: Writing Intensive in the Major Recomm ...
A largescale field assessment of carbon stocks in humanmodified
... Tropical rainforests store enormous amounts of carbon, the protection of which represents a vital component of efforts to mitigate global climate change. Currently, tropical forest conservation, science, policies, and climate mitigation actions focus predominantly on reducing carbon emissions from d ...
... Tropical rainforests store enormous amounts of carbon, the protection of which represents a vital component of efforts to mitigate global climate change. Currently, tropical forest conservation, science, policies, and climate mitigation actions focus predominantly on reducing carbon emissions from d ...
File
... 2006). One study compares the Global Climate Model (GCM) (known as a multi data set: MMD) against a regional climate model called PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies)and found that the GCM severely underestimated precipitation with predictions off by over 30% in some instances (K ...
... 2006). One study compares the Global Climate Model (GCM) (known as a multi data set: MMD) against a regional climate model called PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies)and found that the GCM severely underestimated precipitation with predictions off by over 30% in some instances (K ...
Secretary Jewell`s Year of Action
... and DOI to seriously address climate change. DOI should set a goal to significantly reduce emissions on public lands. Getting to that point requires increasing public lands’ capacity to naturally store carbon, while simultaneously decreasing the greenhouse gases produced on public lands. Secretary J ...
... and DOI to seriously address climate change. DOI should set a goal to significantly reduce emissions on public lands. Getting to that point requires increasing public lands’ capacity to naturally store carbon, while simultaneously decreasing the greenhouse gases produced on public lands. Secretary J ...
Synergy of rising nitrogen depositions and atmospheric CO2 on land
... [2] Burning of fossil fuel and land use change release carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the most important greenhouse gas with a radiative forcing of about 1.66 W/m2. If carbon uptake of the land or ocean weakens in the future, atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase even faster [Raupach et al., 2007] ...
... [2] Burning of fossil fuel and land use change release carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the most important greenhouse gas with a radiative forcing of about 1.66 W/m2. If carbon uptake of the land or ocean weakens in the future, atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase even faster [Raupach et al., 2007] ...
Grade 9: Climate Change
... thermal infrared radiation and travels toward the atmosphere. At this point, greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere trap the thermal radiation and reflect it back toward the earth’s surface. These gases are acting as a blanket to keep the earth w ...
... thermal infrared radiation and travels toward the atmosphere. At this point, greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere trap the thermal radiation and reflect it back toward the earth’s surface. These gases are acting as a blanket to keep the earth w ...
DOCX - World bank documents
... variability in monthly precipitation has been growing and that the amount of precipitation during recent years has slightly increased, particularly in spring months, with the lowest precipitation values being observed in summer.7 ...
... variability in monthly precipitation has been growing and that the amount of precipitation during recent years has slightly increased, particularly in spring months, with the lowest precipitation values being observed in summer.7 ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""