• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Singhal YK et al: Ebola virus and its futurism in India
Singhal YK et al: Ebola virus and its futurism in India

... Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms. People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus. Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive clinical care and the ...
Microsporidia Affecting Forest Lepidoptera
Microsporidia Affecting Forest Lepidoptera

... Figure 2 illustrates how Vairimorpha-type microsporidia are transmitted and at what stages mortality occurs. Spores may or may not be present in silk and/or feces of infected larvae, but even when present in feces and silk, spores are less abundant than those produced in Nosema infected individuals. ...
Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus
Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus

... infeetion is exposure to infected mosquitoes. In Romania the risk for WNV infection was higher among persons with mosquitoes in their homes and with flooded basements (12). An analysis of the locations of WNV disease cases during the 1999 outbreak in New York found that eases were clustered in an ar ...
(Aedes) detritus, as a potential vector for Japanese encephalitis virus
(Aedes) detritus, as a potential vector for Japanese encephalitis virus

... competence in O. detritus. JE virus (JEV) has been considered one of ten important zoonotic ...
(Vulpes vulpes) to European bat lyssaviruses types-1 and
(Vulpes vulpes) to European bat lyssaviruses types-1 and

... – None of foxes challenged with high dose of EBLV-1 died – None of foxes challenged with EBLV-2 dead p.i (5/5). ...
Experimental Adaptation of Salmonella typhimurium to Mice
Experimental Adaptation of Salmonella typhimurium to Mice

... 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were infected with either 104 or 106 cells in a 100-␮l volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by intraperitoneal injection. The mice were killed after 3–5 days and the spleens were removed and homogenized in 2% sodium deoxycholate. The homogenate was washed onc ...
Indirect effects of parasites in invasions
Indirect effects of parasites in invasions

... this release on an invader’s demographical performance. For instance, while invasive North American plants have escaped many of their floral and foliar parasites in Europe, some evidence suggests that this has not contributed substantially to their geographical spread (van Kleunen & Fischer 2009). Th ...
Infection Prevention and Control in the Endoscopy Unit
Infection Prevention and Control in the Endoscopy Unit

...  EH Spaulding believed that an object’s intended use determined how to disinfect it. ...
Predation on parasites and its consequences for
Predation on parasites and its consequences for

... from the literature is provided with the form used for macroparasites in this study for comparison. In the microparasite functions, S is the number of susceptible individuals (analogous to hosts, H) and I is the number of infectious individuals (analogous to cercariae, C). In all functions β is the ...
Citrus Virus Diseases
Citrus Virus Diseases

... The virus induces two different syndromes: psorosis A (PsA), characterized by limited bark scaling lesions in the trunk and main limbs, and a more aggressive form of the disease called psorosis B (PsB) with rampant bark lesions affecting even thin branches and chlorotic blotches in old leaves. In th ...
A Population Model of Malaria Transmission According to Within
A Population Model of Malaria Transmission According to Within

... Malaria shares many characteristics with other protozoan parasites, which cause diseases such as African trypanosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis [32]. However, malaria is by far the most prevalent of these diseases among humans. In 2002, it was estimated that 2.2 billion people were exposed to th ...
Lesson Overview - Southgate Schools
Lesson Overview - Southgate Schools

... We share this planet with prokaryotes and viruses, and most of the time we are never aware of our relationships with them. Often, these relationships are highly beneficial, but in a few cases, sharing simply doesn’t work—and disease is the result. ...
Seasonal infectious disease epidemiology
Seasonal infectious disease epidemiology

... Seasonal infectious disease epidemiology Nicholas C. Grassly* and Christophe Fraser Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK Seasonal change in the incidence of infectious diseases is a common phenomenon in both temperate and tropical c ...
Social behavior drives the dynamics of respiratory disease in
Social behavior drives the dynamics of respiratory disease in

... mL of blood, not to exceed 10% of the tortoise’s estimated blood volume, was collected from the brachial vein of each tortoise. The subcarapacial venous sinus was used for blood collection from hatchlings or as an alternative venipuncture site in adults. Blood samples were placed in lithium heparin ...
A prospect of current microbial diagnosis methods
A prospect of current microbial diagnosis methods

... most cases, isolation procedures should be performed in order to obtain pure cultures. Therefore, the culture-based methods become labour-intensive and time-consuming because they have to include besides the usual culture medium preparation and inoculation of agar plates steps, a broad range of bact ...
Evolution of parasitism and mutualism between filamentous
Evolution of parasitism and mutualism between filamentous

... CSH22 bacteria. This assay was also performed to check for potential contamination of populations from treatment U. One population from that treatment tested positive for virus infection and this population was excluded from later assays. Further, 15 of the 18 treatment N populations did not yield p ...
Mother-to-child Transmission of Human T-cell
Mother-to-child Transmission of Human T-cell

... HTLV-1 seroprevalence in women with age may reflect the relative efficiency of sexual transmission from men to women, compared to women to men. Blood-born transmission requires infected cells; therefore, transfusion of blood products containing WBC fraction, but not plasma fraction only, may result ...
Infection
Infection

... in which microorganisms get to the host).  Once microorganisms have exited, there are many vehicles (means by which organisms are carried about) on or by which they can travel to the next host. Contamination means a condition of being soiled, stained, touched by, or otherwise exposed to harmful age ...
Chapter 19: VIRUSES
Chapter 19: VIRUSES

... Host Range and Specificity of Viruses ...
New Transfusions Transplantation Infections Rabies
New Transfusions Transplantation Infections Rabies

... performed as described previously.7,8 Controls included serum specimens from noninfected animals, tissues from humans with nonrabies encephalitides, and rabies-infected human tissues. Immunohistochemical assays for various other viral, rickettsial, and protozoan agents of encephalitis were also perf ...
• - Dhmh
• - Dhmh

... Swine Flu in Humans Can humans catch swine flu? Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with swine flu have occurred. Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine indust ...
Ionizing air affects influenza virus infectivity and prevents airborne-transmission
Ionizing air affects influenza virus infectivity and prevents airborne-transmission

... identify them. The problem is not the analyzing technique, since molecular biological methods such as real-time PCR enable a sensitive detection system of most pathogens7–9. The difficulty is to develop an effective sampling method to rapidly collect small airborne particles including viruses from l ...
Rabies in  the Masai  Mara,  Kenya: preliminary report K.A. A.A.
Rabies in the Masai Mara, Kenya: preliminary report K.A. A.A.

... Alexander, Kat, Wayne & Fuller 1993, paper submitted) . While every effort was made to obtain wildlife specimens, it is possible that surveillance would be biased towards domestic animals as carcasses of these species are easier to detect and collect. Although there has ·been little indication of a ...
10 Things You Should Know About Rabies
10 Things You Should Know About Rabies

... under-reported disease in the most affected countries, largely because healthcare in these regions tends to be severely limited and most victims die at home.4 In more developed countries, even those thought to be free of rabies, movement of animals from other areas means that rabies remains a consta ...
VIRKON®S. VIRKON®S.
VIRKON®S. VIRKON®S.

... impractical five-minute soak after boot cleaning. However, when Virkon S was evaluated under similar circumstances, ...
< 1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 66 >

Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report