Lagos bat virus virulence in mice inoculated by the peripheral route
... in phylogroup II lyssaviruses, probably resulting in their reduced pathogenicity [5]. Amino-acid (aa) substitutions in antigenic site II (aa 34–42 and aa 198–200) of G protein in RABV result in a reduction of pathogenicity in adult mice when inoculated via the i.m. route [17]. When complete N, P, M ...
... in phylogroup II lyssaviruses, probably resulting in their reduced pathogenicity [5]. Amino-acid (aa) substitutions in antigenic site II (aa 34–42 and aa 198–200) of G protein in RABV result in a reduction of pathogenicity in adult mice when inoculated via the i.m. route [17]. When complete N, P, M ...
Phenotypes influencing the transmissibility of highly pathogenic
... and DkYK10 are PQRERRKKR, PQGERRRKKR and PQRERRRKKR, respectively. These viruses were propagated in the allantoic membrane of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50 % egg infective dose (EID50) was determined by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). The HPAI viruses were handled in a biosaf ...
... and DkYK10 are PQRERRKKR, PQGERRRKKR and PQRERRRKKR, respectively. These viruses were propagated in the allantoic membrane of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, and the 50 % egg infective dose (EID50) was determined by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). The HPAI viruses were handled in a biosaf ...
3. Transmission of infection via clothing, household linens and laundry
... route because, in all cases they come into direct contact with the known portal of entry for pathogens (the mouth, nose and conjunctiva of the eyes), and are thus the key last line of defense. Although, in some cases, the hands alone may be “sufficient cause” for transmission of an infection (e.g., ...
... route because, in all cases they come into direct contact with the known portal of entry for pathogens (the mouth, nose and conjunctiva of the eyes), and are thus the key last line of defense. Although, in some cases, the hands alone may be “sufficient cause” for transmission of an infection (e.g., ...
Foodborne illness acquired in the United States
... T. gondii (24%), Listeria monocytogenes (19%), and norovirus (11%). These estimates cannot be compared with prior (1999) estimates to assess trends because different methods were used. Additional data and more refined methods can improve future estimates. ...
... T. gondii (24%), Listeria monocytogenes (19%), and norovirus (11%). These estimates cannot be compared with prior (1999) estimates to assess trends because different methods were used. Additional data and more refined methods can improve future estimates. ...
The infection risks associated with clothing and household linens in
... route because, in all cases they come into direct contact with the known portal of entry for pathogens (the mouth, nose and conjunctiva of the eyes), and are thus the key last line of defense. Although, in some cases, the hands alone may be “sufficient cause” for transmission of an infection (e.g., ...
... route because, in all cases they come into direct contact with the known portal of entry for pathogens (the mouth, nose and conjunctiva of the eyes), and are thus the key last line of defense. Although, in some cases, the hands alone may be “sufficient cause” for transmission of an infection (e.g., ...
Rabies Oregon Administrative Rules (OARS) Chapter 333, Division
... • The rabies virus is transmitted when infected saliva of a host is passed to an uninfected animal. Various routes of transmission have been documented and include contamination of mucous membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth), aerosol transmission, and corneal transplantations. The most common mode of ...
... • The rabies virus is transmitted when infected saliva of a host is passed to an uninfected animal. Various routes of transmission have been documented and include contamination of mucous membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth), aerosol transmission, and corneal transplantations. The most common mode of ...
On the Quarantine Period for Ebola Virus
... SARS coronavirus outbreak7 . Both of these previous authors noted the importance of the distributional form in assessing the upper tail probability, and the influence that data truncation may have on such estimates. To make use of this approach, an acceptable residual risk needs to be set. To do thi ...
... SARS coronavirus outbreak7 . Both of these previous authors noted the importance of the distributional form in assessing the upper tail probability, and the influence that data truncation may have on such estimates. To make use of this approach, an acceptable residual risk needs to be set. To do thi ...
Virus transmission via food - Institute of Food Technologists
... all these complications, it is remarkable that epidemiologists have been able to solve as many of the mysteries of hepatitis A transmission as they have. As yet, sporadic transmission resulting in single illnesses has defied characterization, except in the study concerning shellfish that was cited e ...
... all these complications, it is remarkable that epidemiologists have been able to solve as many of the mysteries of hepatitis A transmission as they have. As yet, sporadic transmission resulting in single illnesses has defied characterization, except in the study concerning shellfish that was cited e ...
Airborne transmission of lyssaviruses
... CVS have shown that the virus can be detected shortly after exposure within the olfactory bulb, suggesting that this is the most probable route from the nasal mucosa to the brain (Jenson et al., 1969; Lafay et al., 1991). However, early infection of the trigeminal nerve has also been observed follow ...
... CVS have shown that the virus can be detected shortly after exposure within the olfactory bulb, suggesting that this is the most probable route from the nasal mucosa to the brain (Jenson et al., 1969; Lafay et al., 1991). However, early infection of the trigeminal nerve has also been observed follow ...
Can noroviruses be zoonotic?
... infections worldwide, hence are a very important genogroup 11. The swine GII strains are distinct from the human strains with less than 86% amino acid identity in their capsid sequences. Howeve ...
... infections worldwide, hence are a very important genogroup 11. The swine GII strains are distinct from the human strains with less than 86% amino acid identity in their capsid sequences. Howeve ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 subtypes: Could genetic diversity
... The differences in the biological properties of HIV-1 and HIV-2 such as heterosexual transmission, vertical transmission, disease progression, etc. are well established. Whether similar differences also exist between various subtypes of HIV-1 is highly controversial and the information available is ...
... The differences in the biological properties of HIV-1 and HIV-2 such as heterosexual transmission, vertical transmission, disease progression, etc. are well established. Whether similar differences also exist between various subtypes of HIV-1 is highly controversial and the information available is ...
Infection Control - Austin Community College
... Transmission-Based Precautions are designed for patients documented or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions beyond Standard Precautions are needed to interrupt transmission in hospitals. There are three types of ...
... Transmission-Based Precautions are designed for patients documented or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions beyond Standard Precautions are needed to interrupt transmission in hospitals. There are three types of ...
EXERCISE 1: INFECTION CONTROL Skills: 10 points Objectives: 1
... Transmission-Based Precautions are designed for patients documented or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions beyond Standard Precautions are needed to interrupt transmission in hospitals. There are three types of ...
... Transmission-Based Precautions are designed for patients documented or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions beyond Standard Precautions are needed to interrupt transmission in hospitals. There are three types of ...
Section V Categories of waterborne disease organisms
... The viruses transmitted via water are shed with faeces and infect by the oral route. Each has a specific repertoire of host cells, which it can invade to initiate an infection. Necessarily, the first susceptible host cells are situated in the intestinal lining; however, some viruses that infect pero ...
... The viruses transmitted via water are shed with faeces and infect by the oral route. Each has a specific repertoire of host cells, which it can invade to initiate an infection. Necessarily, the first susceptible host cells are situated in the intestinal lining; however, some viruses that infect pero ...
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol
... This document has been developed in accordance with current applicable infection control and regulatory guidelines. It is intended for use as a guideline only. At no time should this document replace existing documents established by the facility unless written permission has been obtained from ...
... This document has been developed in accordance with current applicable infection control and regulatory guidelines. It is intended for use as a guideline only. At no time should this document replace existing documents established by the facility unless written permission has been obtained from ...
(f), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*)
... Introduction: Quantitative parameters derived by diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) are used for lesion characterization and for assessing treatment response. There is growing interest in applying the principles of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) to derive quantitative indices which reflect tis ...
... Introduction: Quantitative parameters derived by diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) are used for lesion characterization and for assessing treatment response. There is growing interest in applying the principles of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) to derive quantitative indices which reflect tis ...
On the Quarantine Period for Ebola Virus ΠPLOS Currents Outbreaks
... incubation period is 2–21 days 9. A current review of previous outbreaks cites the same range 10. The precise origin of this assessment is unclear, however it is possibly based on the study of the either the 1976 Zaire outbreak11 or 2000 Uganda outbreak12 both of which reported (without detailed ana ...
... incubation period is 2–21 days 9. A current review of previous outbreaks cites the same range 10. The precise origin of this assessment is unclear, however it is possibly based on the study of the either the 1976 Zaire outbreak11 or 2000 Uganda outbreak12 both of which reported (without detailed ana ...
The evolutionary dynamics of influenza A virus adaptation to
... bearing a heterogeneous genome that comprised gene segments originating from avian-, swine- and human-influenza A viruses [6,10]. For several reasons, swine influenza A viruses are important to human health. First, direct transmissions between pigs and humans are frequently observed [2,11,12]. Secon ...
... bearing a heterogeneous genome that comprised gene segments originating from avian-, swine- and human-influenza A viruses [6,10]. For several reasons, swine influenza A viruses are important to human health. First, direct transmissions between pigs and humans are frequently observed [2,11,12]. Secon ...
Lysogeny and Lytic Viral Production during a Bloom of the
... community are unknown. Under natural conditions, only a small percentage of lysogens are likely to be induced at any given time, resulting in a minor effect on microbial mortality. As only a small percentage of Synechococcus cells were clearly induced by mitomycin C, temperate viruses may have had l ...
... community are unknown. Under natural conditions, only a small percentage of lysogens are likely to be induced at any given time, resulting in a minor effect on microbial mortality. As only a small percentage of Synechococcus cells were clearly induced by mitomycin C, temperate viruses may have had l ...
Bloodborne Pathogens - Wild Iris Medical Education
... occurrence of new infection. Infection prevention measures are designed to break the links and thereby prevent new infections. The chain of infection is the foundation of infection prevention. ...
... occurrence of new infection. Infection prevention measures are designed to break the links and thereby prevent new infections. The chain of infection is the foundation of infection prevention. ...
Potential occurrence of Zika from subtropical to temperate Argentina
... A bulk of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are emerging or reemerging globally as consequence of global warming, urbanization and modern transport networks. Among these viruses, Zika was first isolated in a forest area in Uganda, Africa (1), and was historically restricted to Asia and Africa for ...
... A bulk of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are emerging or reemerging globally as consequence of global warming, urbanization and modern transport networks. Among these viruses, Zika was first isolated in a forest area in Uganda, Africa (1), and was historically restricted to Asia and Africa for ...
Septic Thrombosis of the Cavernous Sinuses
... Nevertheless, most patients will develop fever, ptosis, proptosis, chemosis, and external ophthalmoplegia during the course of their illness. External ophthalmoplegia, defined as paralysis of the extraocular muscles (in the case of CST, secondary to dysfunction of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, rat ...
... Nevertheless, most patients will develop fever, ptosis, proptosis, chemosis, and external ophthalmoplegia during the course of their illness. External ophthalmoplegia, defined as paralysis of the extraocular muscles (in the case of CST, secondary to dysfunction of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, rat ...
Information on Arboviral Encephalitides
... vertebrate host and a primary arthropod vector. These cycles usually remain undetected until humans encroa ch on a natural focus, or the virus escapes this focus via a secondary vector or vertebrate host as the result of some ecologic change. Humans and domestic animals can develop clinical illness ...
... vertebrate host and a primary arthropod vector. These cycles usually remain undetected until humans encroa ch on a natural focus, or the virus escapes this focus via a secondary vector or vertebrate host as the result of some ecologic change. Humans and domestic animals can develop clinical illness ...
