biology 207: microbiology lecture objectives
... Explain viral classification; know the characteristics used for viral classification. Compare and contrast the characteristics of viruses and bacteria. Describe and explain the life cycle of an animal virus. Describe different types of cytopathic effect (CPE); be able to name two types of inclusion ...
... Explain viral classification; know the characteristics used for viral classification. Compare and contrast the characteristics of viruses and bacteria. Describe and explain the life cycle of an animal virus. Describe different types of cytopathic effect (CPE); be able to name two types of inclusion ...
The Emerging Role of Metagenomics in the Diagnosis of Infectious
... In general, it is reasonable to anticipate that metagenomics would become commonly applied to the diagnosis and control of infectious diseases in the future. A recently published paper demonstrates the prospect of metagenomics in clinic [17]. Pneumonia can cause high rate of morbidity and mortality, ...
... In general, it is reasonable to anticipate that metagenomics would become commonly applied to the diagnosis and control of infectious diseases in the future. A recently published paper demonstrates the prospect of metagenomics in clinic [17]. Pneumonia can cause high rate of morbidity and mortality, ...
The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 – Initial Molecular
... A new pandemic influenza in the human world may originate from avian reservoirs. Influenza is one of the most widely spread zoonotic infectious diseases. All avian influenza viruses are type A, and they have often caused pandemics throughout human history. The highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viru ...
... A new pandemic influenza in the human world may originate from avian reservoirs. Influenza is one of the most widely spread zoonotic infectious diseases. All avian influenza viruses are type A, and they have often caused pandemics throughout human history. The highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viru ...
Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks
... 215 diseases in our dataset and caused 88% of outbreaks over time. Sixty-five per cent of diseases in our dataset were zoonoses that collectively caused 56% of outbreaks (compared to 44% of outbreaks caused by human-specific diseases). Non-vector transmitted pathogens were more common (74% of diseas ...
... 215 diseases in our dataset and caused 88% of outbreaks over time. Sixty-five per cent of diseases in our dataset were zoonoses that collectively caused 56% of outbreaks (compared to 44% of outbreaks caused by human-specific diseases). Non-vector transmitted pathogens were more common (74% of diseas ...
IS HIV SHORTSIGHTED INSIGHTS FROM A MULTISTRAIN
... This is analogous to the concept of the tragedy of the commons seen in models of social evolution (Rankin et al. 2007). There is good reason to believe that the evolution of HIV should be short-sighted. Infection with a strain of HIV that has a high (low) replicative capacity is likely to result in ...
... This is analogous to the concept of the tragedy of the commons seen in models of social evolution (Rankin et al. 2007). There is good reason to believe that the evolution of HIV should be short-sighted. Infection with a strain of HIV that has a high (low) replicative capacity is likely to result in ...
of Bio-wipes for the collection of human faecal Applicability
... unpleasant and technically challenging. Therefore, very few people with acute gastroenteritis volunteer to provide specimens and most whole stool samples are collected from hospitalised children and adults or the elderly in old age homes. To enable epidemiological studies on enteric pathogens in the ...
... unpleasant and technically challenging. Therefore, very few people with acute gastroenteritis volunteer to provide specimens and most whole stool samples are collected from hospitalised children and adults or the elderly in old age homes. To enable epidemiological studies on enteric pathogens in the ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... Detection rates of Neisseria species increased significantly with increasing Hellman dental age. So, we suggest that the detection rates of Neisseria species increased as the subjects’ teeth erupted. In the study, comparisons between the detection rates of the 6 bacterial species detected in both th ...
... Detection rates of Neisseria species increased significantly with increasing Hellman dental age. So, we suggest that the detection rates of Neisseria species increased as the subjects’ teeth erupted. In the study, comparisons between the detection rates of the 6 bacterial species detected in both th ...
Andes virus infections in the rodent reservoir and in humans vary
... pairwise Fst values were used to perform a non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis using Systat v.12 (SYSTAT Software Inc.); the analysis provides a visual representation of the pattern of genetic distances (Kruskal and Wish, 1978). We used the Median Joining method (Bandelt et al., 1999) ...
... pairwise Fst values were used to perform a non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis using Systat v.12 (SYSTAT Software Inc.); the analysis provides a visual representation of the pattern of genetic distances (Kruskal and Wish, 1978). We used the Median Joining method (Bandelt et al., 1999) ...
Ebola: history, treatment, and lessons from a new - AJP-Lung
... of Paramyxoviridae often inhibit interferon (IFN)-mediated viral host defense but do so by distinct mechanisms within their own virus family. For this reason, we cannot rely on our working knowledge of less pathogenic viruses to fully understand Ebola virus biology. ...
... of Paramyxoviridae often inhibit interferon (IFN)-mediated viral host defense but do so by distinct mechanisms within their own virus family. For this reason, we cannot rely on our working knowledge of less pathogenic viruses to fully understand Ebola virus biology. ...
Room Ventilation and Airborne Disease Transmission
... risk factors related to socio-adaptive behaviors include compliance with use of standard operating procedures involving personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination of environmental surfaces, adherence to isolation precautions, and use of respiratory hygiene strategies (e.g., covering one’s ...
... risk factors related to socio-adaptive behaviors include compliance with use of standard operating procedures involving personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination of environmental surfaces, adherence to isolation precautions, and use of respiratory hygiene strategies (e.g., covering one’s ...
Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the
... rich interdisciplinary field. For example, decisionmaking for vaccination strategies increasingly depends on model analyses in which infection dynamics are combined with cost data (Box 2, Influenza: prevention and control). In recent decades, responses to major infectious disease outbreaks, includin ...
... rich interdisciplinary field. For example, decisionmaking for vaccination strategies increasingly depends on model analyses in which infection dynamics are combined with cost data (Box 2, Influenza: prevention and control). In recent decades, responses to major infectious disease outbreaks, includin ...
Bayesian Modeling with S-PLUS and the S+flexBayes Library
... functions based on the methods of Geweke (2004) and Cook, Gelman, and Rubin (2006). This enables the package to be readily validated in the end-user environment. Using S+flexBayes, inference can be performed for a very broad range of models. For instance, non-linear regression models such as Emax or ...
... functions based on the methods of Geweke (2004) and Cook, Gelman, and Rubin (2006). This enables the package to be readily validated in the end-user environment. Using S+flexBayes, inference can be performed for a very broad range of models. For instance, non-linear regression models such as Emax or ...
Conservation Management of Tasmanian Devils
... the etiological agent; knowledge of direct transmission (Pearse and Swift, 2006) is justification enough to proceed with them. Many serious emerging diseases of livestock or humans must initially be managed on a large scale despite poor knowledge of the etiological agent (e.g., BSE). All field manag ...
... the etiological agent; knowledge of direct transmission (Pearse and Swift, 2006) is justification enough to proceed with them. Many serious emerging diseases of livestock or humans must initially be managed on a large scale despite poor knowledge of the etiological agent (e.g., BSE). All field manag ...
Disease-translocation across geographic boundaries must be
... In 1995 and 1998/99 single species mass mortalities of sardine/pilchard Sardinops sagax (Clupeidae) spread rapidly throughout this species’ range in Australia from the central coast of South Australia, dramatically decreasing the population size and representing the two most extensive mass mortaliti ...
... In 1995 and 1998/99 single species mass mortalities of sardine/pilchard Sardinops sagax (Clupeidae) spread rapidly throughout this species’ range in Australia from the central coast of South Australia, dramatically decreasing the population size and representing the two most extensive mass mortaliti ...
Johnson et al. 2014 heterogeneity
... 2. Among 227 wetlands, 2468 hosts and seven parasite species, infections were consistently aggregated among host individuals within populations of the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla). For each parasite species, the relationship between the log-mean and log-variance of infection load was str ...
... 2. Among 227 wetlands, 2468 hosts and seven parasite species, infections were consistently aggregated among host individuals within populations of the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla). For each parasite species, the relationship between the log-mean and log-variance of infection load was str ...
20.3 Diseases
... Because viruses replicate so quickly, their genetic makeup can change rapidly, sometimes allowing a virus to jump from one host species to another. Researchers have evidence that this is how the virus that causes AIDS originated, moving from nonhuman primates into humans. ...
... Because viruses replicate so quickly, their genetic makeup can change rapidly, sometimes allowing a virus to jump from one host species to another. Researchers have evidence that this is how the virus that causes AIDS originated, moving from nonhuman primates into humans. ...
Modeling the Impact of Ebola and Bushmeat Hunting on Western
... the illegal harvest of apes. We echo this sentiment. However, our model suggest that even with no harvest, gorillas will not survive a high frequency of Ebola outbreaks. Two priorities have been proposed to address Ebola: 1) develop a vaccine and 2) determine if natural barriers, such as rivers, can ...
... the illegal harvest of apes. We echo this sentiment. However, our model suggest that even with no harvest, gorillas will not survive a high frequency of Ebola outbreaks. Two priorities have been proposed to address Ebola: 1) develop a vaccine and 2) determine if natural barriers, such as rivers, can ...
Black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) as sentinels of
... some patients [Thompson, 2004]. Both host factors (e.g., nutrition, immunity, co-infection with other agents) and pathogen factors (e.g., strain, infectious dose) are thought to contribute to the severity of clinical disease [Thompson, 2000]. In our study, we did not characterize any howler monkey f ...
... some patients [Thompson, 2004]. Both host factors (e.g., nutrition, immunity, co-infection with other agents) and pathogen factors (e.g., strain, infectious dose) are thought to contribute to the severity of clinical disease [Thompson, 2000]. In our study, we did not characterize any howler monkey f ...
Swine Flu Presentation
... Human-to-human transmission of swine flu predominantly occurs through direct droplet transmission This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or sneezing of infected people People may become infected by touching something w ...
... Human-to-human transmission of swine flu predominantly occurs through direct droplet transmission This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or sneezing of infected people People may become infected by touching something w ...
Metagenomics of plant and fungal viruses reveals an abundance of
... In most cases of fungal virus studies, viruses have been discovered from cultured fungi. This eliminates the majority of fungi, which are not culturable (Blackwell, 2011), but have been discovered from environmental samples through specific gene analysis such as ribosomal RNA-related regions and oth ...
... In most cases of fungal virus studies, viruses have been discovered from cultured fungi. This eliminates the majority of fungi, which are not culturable (Blackwell, 2011), but have been discovered from environmental samples through specific gene analysis such as ribosomal RNA-related regions and oth ...
Persistent detection of Zika virus RNA in semen
... Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus (genus Flavivirus) mainly transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, as well as through sexual contact with symptomatic and, possibly, asymptomatic individuals [3,4]. This non-vector-related mode of transmission was first described in 2008 in the United States [5] a ...
... Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus (genus Flavivirus) mainly transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, as well as through sexual contact with symptomatic and, possibly, asymptomatic individuals [3,4]. This non-vector-related mode of transmission was first described in 2008 in the United States [5] a ...
Genetics and Evolution of Deep-Sea Chemosynthetic Bacteria and
... microbes are faced with the problem of extracting energy from narrow redox zones in marine environments. The free-living species typically occur in biofilms on sulfidic rocks or in filamentous mats like Beggiatoa spp. (Fig. 2.1a, Plate 3a), absorbing reduced gases from the substrate below and oxygen ...
... microbes are faced with the problem of extracting energy from narrow redox zones in marine environments. The free-living species typically occur in biofilms on sulfidic rocks or in filamentous mats like Beggiatoa spp. (Fig. 2.1a, Plate 3a), absorbing reduced gases from the substrate below and oxygen ...
Systemic Spread and Propagation of a Plant
... spreading viruses and suggested that viruses could possibly contribute to the observed pollinator decline around the world. In order to advance our understanding of the role of pollen in virus transmission of honeybees, we carried out a study to screen bees and pollen loads of bee colonies for the p ...
... spreading viruses and suggested that viruses could possibly contribute to the observed pollinator decline around the world. In order to advance our understanding of the role of pollen in virus transmission of honeybees, we carried out a study to screen bees and pollen loads of bee colonies for the p ...
Medical Parasitology
... There is a dynamic equilibrium which exists in the interaction of organisms. Any organism that spends a portion or all of its life cycle intimately associated with another organism of a different species is considered as Symbiont (symbiote) and this relationship is called symbiosis (symbiotic relati ...
... There is a dynamic equilibrium which exists in the interaction of organisms. Any organism that spends a portion or all of its life cycle intimately associated with another organism of a different species is considered as Symbiont (symbiote) and this relationship is called symbiosis (symbiotic relati ...
Occurrence, function and evolutionary origins of `2A
... sequences (30 aa) were inserted into a reporter polyprotein to determine their cleavage activity. Our analyses showed that these sequences fall into two categories. The majority mediated very high (complete) cleavage to separate proteins and a few sequences mediated cleavage with lower efficiency, g ...
... sequences (30 aa) were inserted into a reporter polyprotein to determine their cleavage activity. Our analyses showed that these sequences fall into two categories. The majority mediated very high (complete) cleavage to separate proteins and a few sequences mediated cleavage with lower efficiency, g ...