the updated version of this presentation/briefing
... It’s assumed that cold weather can cause you to “catch a cold”. There is no science linking being cold and being more likely to be infected with virus as a result. “Researchers (the authors) have worked to identify and measure a seasonal component of influenza transmission with the goal of explainin ...
... It’s assumed that cold weather can cause you to “catch a cold”. There is no science linking being cold and being more likely to be infected with virus as a result. “Researchers (the authors) have worked to identify and measure a seasonal component of influenza transmission with the goal of explainin ...
A Bayesian approach for inferring the dynamics of partially observed space-time-genetic data
... only some cases will be directly related through chains of transmission, and many chains of transmission may exist that are only indirectly related to each other by virtue of sharing a common ancestor outside the sampled area. The sample of pathogens within the study area is therefore polyphyletic. ...
... only some cases will be directly related through chains of transmission, and many chains of transmission may exist that are only indirectly related to each other by virtue of sharing a common ancestor outside the sampled area. The sample of pathogens within the study area is therefore polyphyletic. ...
Full Text
... nasal microbiota are important human pathogens, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the United States alone, S. pneumoniae contributes to ~20,000 deaths [2] and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA) contribute to ~10,000 deaths annually [3]. Despite this signific ...
... nasal microbiota are important human pathogens, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the United States alone, S. pneumoniae contributes to ~20,000 deaths [2] and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA) contribute to ~10,000 deaths annually [3]. Despite this signific ...
A review of HIV transmission
... worldwide have been infected with HIV and current estimates suggest that 600 000 children are newly infected annually (UNAIDS/WHO, 1998). The majority of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa, where between 25-40% of HIV-infected children die before their fifth birthday, and HIV is already contr ...
... worldwide have been infected with HIV and current estimates suggest that 600 000 children are newly infected annually (UNAIDS/WHO, 1998). The majority of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa, where between 25-40% of HIV-infected children die before their fifth birthday, and HIV is already contr ...
The survival probability of beneficial de novo mutations in budding
... budding, and cell death. Although the model can be generalized for any given budding virus, our work was done with a major emphasis on the early stages of infection with influenza A virus in human populations. The branching process was then interleaved with a stochastic process describing the diseas ...
... budding, and cell death. Although the model can be generalized for any given budding virus, our work was done with a major emphasis on the early stages of infection with influenza A virus in human populations. The branching process was then interleaved with a stochastic process describing the diseas ...
Transmission dynamics of Middle East Respiratory
... It should be noted that the cumulative number of cases does not follow a single exponential growth term. Assuming that the observed number of cases is Poisson distributed, the maximum likelihood estimate for r for Liberia is estimated at 0.053 (95% CI: 0.051, 0.055). The growth rate in Sierra Leone ...
... It should be noted that the cumulative number of cases does not follow a single exponential growth term. Assuming that the observed number of cases is Poisson distributed, the maximum likelihood estimate for r for Liberia is estimated at 0.053 (95% CI: 0.051, 0.055). The growth rate in Sierra Leone ...
Report of the WHO/FAO/OIE joint consultation on emerging zoonotic
... Although history shows that the cascade of events leading to the emergence of a new disease is different each time, several factors are known to favour such emergence. These include microbiological adaptation; environmental changes; globalization of agriculture, food production and trade; and human ...
... Although history shows that the cascade of events leading to the emergence of a new disease is different each time, several factors are known to favour such emergence. These include microbiological adaptation; environmental changes; globalization of agriculture, food production and trade; and human ...
1 The evolution of heritable symbionts
... advances in molecular biology have provided new tools for symbiosis research and stimulated new investigations of many symbiont systems that were described many years ago but were previously difficult to investigate in detail. The term 'symbiosis' in its most general (and original) sense refers to t ...
... advances in molecular biology have provided new tools for symbiosis research and stimulated new investigations of many symbiont systems that were described many years ago but were previously difficult to investigate in detail. The term 'symbiosis' in its most general (and original) sense refers to t ...
docx - Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases
... member(s) of an enrolled cluster who were detected via surveillance (i.e., the reason for the enrollment of the cluster into the study) as the index case(s). In humans, the complex nature of the process defining whether an infected/symptomatic individual will be detected by surveillance system can l ...
... member(s) of an enrolled cluster who were detected via surveillance (i.e., the reason for the enrollment of the cluster into the study) as the index case(s). In humans, the complex nature of the process defining whether an infected/symptomatic individual will be detected by surveillance system can l ...
Joint effects of habitat, zooplankton, host stage structure and
... amphibian species, including focal hosts, can have both singleseason and multi-season larvae. Delayed metamorphosis requires a permanent water body; pond drying will catalyse larvae to metamorphose. Thus, ephemeral ponds (i.e. those that completely dry up each year) have only single-season larvae wh ...
... amphibian species, including focal hosts, can have both singleseason and multi-season larvae. Delayed metamorphosis requires a permanent water body; pond drying will catalyse larvae to metamorphose. Thus, ephemeral ponds (i.e. those that completely dry up each year) have only single-season larvae wh ...
Wild and Domestic Pig Interactions at the Wildlife–Livestock
... topic (1). The opportunities for such interactions to occur have escalated due to the expansion of human population and subsequent encroachment into wildlife habitats (2). Indeed, human population growth is expected to reach nine million people by 2050 (3), leading to an ever-increasing request of a ...
... topic (1). The opportunities for such interactions to occur have escalated due to the expansion of human population and subsequent encroachment into wildlife habitats (2). Indeed, human population growth is expected to reach nine million people by 2050 (3), leading to an ever-increasing request of a ...
Rickettsial Pathogens and their Arthropod Vectors
... arthropods is responsible for many features of the host-pathogen relationship that are unique among arthropod-borne diseases, including efficient pathogen replication, longterm maintenance of infection, and transstadial and transovarial transmission. This article examines the common features of the ...
... arthropods is responsible for many features of the host-pathogen relationship that are unique among arthropod-borne diseases, including efficient pathogen replication, longterm maintenance of infection, and transstadial and transovarial transmission. This article examines the common features of the ...
Influence of genetic relatedness and spatial proximity on chronic
... spatial autocorrelation based on maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA was 50-fold higher than relatedness estimated from microsatellite loci, indicating spatial overlap of females from different social groups with high rates of male-mediated dispersal and gene flow among groups. 3. Probability of CW ...
... spatial autocorrelation based on maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA was 50-fold higher than relatedness estimated from microsatellite loci, indicating spatial overlap of females from different social groups with high rates of male-mediated dispersal and gene flow among groups. 3. Probability of CW ...
Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
... of the world. Viral diagnosis of a virus infection in plants is the easy method of detection. Banana viruses known to exist in latent form without expressing any visual symptoms for long time. If mother plants used for mass multiplication are nit indexed, the virus can easily pass through to the pro ...
... of the world. Viral diagnosis of a virus infection in plants is the easy method of detection. Banana viruses known to exist in latent form without expressing any visual symptoms for long time. If mother plants used for mass multiplication are nit indexed, the virus can easily pass through to the pro ...
Foodborne Viruses - International Life Sciences Institute
... The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a nonprofit, worldwide foundation established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment and the environment. By bringing together scientists from academia, government, ...
... The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a nonprofit, worldwide foundation established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment and the environment. By bringing together scientists from academia, government, ...
Standards of Practice for Electrosurgery Unit
... Certified Surgical Technologist (CST), and registered nurse (RN), should be involved in the evaluation and purchase of electrosurgical units (ESU) and accessory items. 1. The ESU and accessory items (active electrode, patient return electrode (PRE), foot pedal) should be evaluated for purchase by ap ...
... Certified Surgical Technologist (CST), and registered nurse (RN), should be involved in the evaluation and purchase of electrosurgical units (ESU) and accessory items. 1. The ESU and accessory items (active electrode, patient return electrode (PRE), foot pedal) should be evaluated for purchase by ap ...
CO.04 NOVEL LYSSAVIRUS FROM A MINIOPTERUS
... methods for the Lyssavirus genus (1,2) and two commercial rabies antisera for antigen detection were used for diagnosis. Brain smears were positive for both, FAT and RT-PCR, as well as the oropharingeal swab for RT-PCR. The bat was morphologically and molecularly identified as Miniopterus schreibers ...
... methods for the Lyssavirus genus (1,2) and two commercial rabies antisera for antigen detection were used for diagnosis. Brain smears were positive for both, FAT and RT-PCR, as well as the oropharingeal swab for RT-PCR. The bat was morphologically and molecularly identified as Miniopterus schreibers ...
Pathogens Associated with Fishers
... vary significantly between males and females. All three fishers that were PCRpositive for A. phagocytophilum were female, but we found no significant differences between genders (P = 0.08). Exposures to CPV varied with age (P = 0.003); 20% of fishers aged 0-1 yr and 49% of fishers aged >2 yrs were e ...
... vary significantly between males and females. All three fishers that were PCRpositive for A. phagocytophilum were female, but we found no significant differences between genders (P = 0.08). Exposures to CPV varied with age (P = 0.003); 20% of fishers aged 0-1 yr and 49% of fishers aged >2 yrs were e ...
Temporal trends in the discovery of human viruses
... Despite long-standing interest in global biodiversity (May 1988), only recently has the diversity of human pathogens been catalogued ( Taylor et al. 2001). Approximately 1400 pathogen species are currently recognized ( Woolhouse & Gaunt 2007). Fewer than 200 of these are viruses, but novel virus spe ...
... Despite long-standing interest in global biodiversity (May 1988), only recently has the diversity of human pathogens been catalogued ( Taylor et al. 2001). Approximately 1400 pathogen species are currently recognized ( Woolhouse & Gaunt 2007). Fewer than 200 of these are viruses, but novel virus spe ...
Seasonality and the persistence and invasion of measles
... deterministic dynamics scale with population size. The change in trough size for a large population, above the CCS, will therefore be an index for the relative changes in persistence imposed by the change in periodicity. To explore this change in persistence more systematically, we consider how the ...
... deterministic dynamics scale with population size. The change in trough size for a large population, above the CCS, will therefore be an index for the relative changes in persistence imposed by the change in periodicity. To explore this change in persistence more systematically, we consider how the ...
Modern Uses of Electron Microscopy for Detection of Viruses
... while testing normal blood for hepatitis B virus, excised a precipitation band from a gel and, using EM, demonstrated that it contained a very small virus (parvovirus B19) (16). That virus was later determined to be the cause of transient aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell disease and of “ ...
... while testing normal blood for hepatitis B virus, excised a precipitation band from a gel and, using EM, demonstrated that it contained a very small virus (parvovirus B19) (16). That virus was later determined to be the cause of transient aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell disease and of “ ...
Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa: Past and present
... the hunting of bats for bush meat (Leroy et al. 2009). Rarely, scientific activities have resulted in primary EBOV infection, for example, in the case of the ethologist who was involved in wildlife studies in the Taï Forest in 1994. These examples show clearly that certain economic activities, which ...
... the hunting of bats for bush meat (Leroy et al. 2009). Rarely, scientific activities have resulted in primary EBOV infection, for example, in the case of the ethologist who was involved in wildlife studies in the Taï Forest in 1994. These examples show clearly that certain economic activities, which ...
Advances in multiplex nucleic acid diagnostics for blood
... since then other local transmissions had been identified all around the Americas, increasing the risks to transfusion safety in those regions. Dengue virus is another emerging arbovirus that burdens public health worldwide.[6] It infects as many as 100 million people yearly and kills 25,000 people w ...
... since then other local transmissions had been identified all around the Americas, increasing the risks to transfusion safety in those regions. Dengue virus is another emerging arbovirus that burdens public health worldwide.[6] It infects as many as 100 million people yearly and kills 25,000 people w ...
3 Forest Diseases Caused by Viruses
... European mountain ash leaf extracts, followed by protein analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. This technique is not well suited to the routine processing of large quantities of samples. In contrast, RNA preparation for reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is done by qui ...
... European mountain ash leaf extracts, followed by protein analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. This technique is not well suited to the routine processing of large quantities of samples. In contrast, RNA preparation for reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is done by qui ...
course requirements
... Components of the complete virus particle or virion. Capsid: The symmetric protein shell which encloses the nucleic acid genome. Often, empty Capsids are by-products of the viral replicative cycle. Nucleocapsid is the capsid together with enclosed nucleic acid. A virion (virus particle) lacks certai ...
... Components of the complete virus particle or virion. Capsid: The symmetric protein shell which encloses the nucleic acid genome. Often, empty Capsids are by-products of the viral replicative cycle. Nucleocapsid is the capsid together with enclosed nucleic acid. A virion (virus particle) lacks certai ...