Reprint
... different strains. This effectively reduced the incidence of pertussis, but in many countries pertussis remains an endemic disease. Worse still, in some highly vaccinated populations the incidence of pertussis has started to increase again since 1990s. It has been suggested that this reemergence cou ...
... different strains. This effectively reduced the incidence of pertussis, but in many countries pertussis remains an endemic disease. Worse still, in some highly vaccinated populations the incidence of pertussis has started to increase again since 1990s. It has been suggested that this reemergence cou ...
Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease
... In addition to many refereed publications in journals and chapters in books, he edited Cell-mediated Immunity (1984), is senior co-author of Animal Diseases Exotic to Ireland (1992), Clinical Veterinary Microbiology (1994), Microbial and Parasitic Diseases of the Dog and Cat (1997), Veterinary Micro ...
... In addition to many refereed publications in journals and chapters in books, he edited Cell-mediated Immunity (1984), is senior co-author of Animal Diseases Exotic to Ireland (1992), Clinical Veterinary Microbiology (1994), Microbial and Parasitic Diseases of the Dog and Cat (1997), Veterinary Micro ...
Irreparable Global Spread of Pathogens and International Trade
... The worldwide trade in non-pathogen-free animals and their products has led to irreparable global spread of animal infections. Among factors supporting this spread belong: countless pathogen species able to reproduce and spread horizontally and to the next generations causing immense number of suffe ...
... The worldwide trade in non-pathogen-free animals and their products has led to irreparable global spread of animal infections. Among factors supporting this spread belong: countless pathogen species able to reproduce and spread horizontally and to the next generations causing immense number of suffe ...
Good News: The Basics of Infection Prevention and Control
... in treating infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria • Some bacteria have developed the ability to produce carbapenemase which is an enzyme that deactivates carbapenem antibiotics – KPC refers to Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase – CRE refers to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae • KPC / ...
... in treating infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria • Some bacteria have developed the ability to produce carbapenemase which is an enzyme that deactivates carbapenem antibiotics – KPC refers to Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase – CRE refers to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae • KPC / ...
Biological and Chemical Hazards of Forensic Skeletal Analysis
... exists harmlessly on the cell’s surface. If, however, it is converted post-translation into a protease-resistant form, it may become infectious. This conversion may occur spontaneously or may be due to contact with an introduced converted particle. The disease is rapidly fatal after onset. Although ...
... exists harmlessly on the cell’s surface. If, however, it is converted post-translation into a protease-resistant form, it may become infectious. This conversion may occur spontaneously or may be due to contact with an introduced converted particle. The disease is rapidly fatal after onset. Although ...
Spatial Models of Chytridiomycosis Dynamics in Frogs
... Chytridiomycosis spreads within the amphibian populations. These were done in conjunction with an actual case study in Chytridiomycosis epidemiology. Deterministic CA is where the outcomes of the cells that underwent transition produced a repeating pattern and was used to simulate behaviour of the d ...
... Chytridiomycosis spreads within the amphibian populations. These were done in conjunction with an actual case study in Chytridiomycosis epidemiology. Deterministic CA is where the outcomes of the cells that underwent transition produced a repeating pattern and was used to simulate behaviour of the d ...
Document
... Myth There isn’t much a person can do to avoid spreading or catching a cold or the flu. Fact About 80% of infectious diseases are spread by hand contact. Washing your hands with soap and water is a simple and effective way to prevent the spread of colds and the flu. Do you think most teens wash thei ...
... Myth There isn’t much a person can do to avoid spreading or catching a cold or the flu. Fact About 80% of infectious diseases are spread by hand contact. Washing your hands with soap and water is a simple and effective way to prevent the spread of colds and the flu. Do you think most teens wash thei ...
Isolation of Pathogens Causing Sepsis, Pus and Infected Wounds
... not only target specific pathogens that are often supposed to be the causative agents (such as S. Aureus and P. Aeruginosa). Hence both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens may contribute to infection in poly microbial wounds (frequently via combined interactions), broad-spectrum antibiotics assist the m ...
... not only target specific pathogens that are often supposed to be the causative agents (such as S. Aureus and P. Aeruginosa). Hence both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens may contribute to infection in poly microbial wounds (frequently via combined interactions), broad-spectrum antibiotics assist the m ...
Johnson et al. 2013 pnas
... 16), such that host diversity and parasite diversity correlate positively (17, 18). Rather than contradicting each other, these seemingly divergent perspectives on the diversity–disease relationship emphasize differences in both terminology and ecological process. Parasite diversity is not equivalen ...
... 16), such that host diversity and parasite diversity correlate positively (17, 18). Rather than contradicting each other, these seemingly divergent perspectives on the diversity–disease relationship emphasize differences in both terminology and ecological process. Parasite diversity is not equivalen ...
Spatial Heterogeneity, Host Movement and Mosquito
... Spatial Heterogeneity, Movement and Mosquito-Borne Disease Dynamics ...
... Spatial Heterogeneity, Movement and Mosquito-Borne Disease Dynamics ...
word 176 kb - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... A second possibility by which food could become contaminated with infectious faecal material of companion dogs is through the restaurant staff that prepares and/or serves food (scenario 2 shown in Figure 1). This route involves personnel handling or touching an infectious companion dog and then hand ...
... A second possibility by which food could become contaminated with infectious faecal material of companion dogs is through the restaurant staff that prepares and/or serves food (scenario 2 shown in Figure 1). This route involves personnel handling or touching an infectious companion dog and then hand ...
Host–Symbiont Relationships: Understanding the Change from
... When reading an article on symbiosis, most readers assume they know the definition of all the associated words in the document. This is not the case; even the term “symbiosis” is defined differently by different authors in different fields, by those in different geographic areas, and by those taught ...
... When reading an article on symbiosis, most readers assume they know the definition of all the associated words in the document. This is not the case; even the term “symbiosis” is defined differently by different authors in different fields, by those in different geographic areas, and by those taught ...
Avian flu and pandem..
... shift and antigenic drift? Antigenic drift is the natural mutation over time of known strains of influenza (or other things, in a more general sense) which may lead to a loss of immunity, or in vaccine mismatch. Antigenic drift occurs in all types of influenza including influenza A, B and C. Antigen ...
... shift and antigenic drift? Antigenic drift is the natural mutation over time of known strains of influenza (or other things, in a more general sense) which may lead to a loss of immunity, or in vaccine mismatch. Antigenic drift occurs in all types of influenza including influenza A, B and C. Antigen ...
An immuno-eco-epidemiological model of competition
... The interest in the interplay of infectious disease and community interactions, an area now termed eco-epidemiology, was enhanced by [15]. The introduction of disease in the competition between two species has led to destabilization in the dynamics [20]. More recently, disease infecting a predator h ...
... The interest in the interplay of infectious disease and community interactions, an area now termed eco-epidemiology, was enhanced by [15]. The introduction of disease in the competition between two species has led to destabilization in the dynamics [20]. More recently, disease infecting a predator h ...
A mechanistic model of infection: why duration and intensity of
... The following two analyses are used to contrast the effect of the mechanistic model (Equation 2) against the classical model: 1) We illustrate the relationship between the expected number of secondary cases SC and the number of contacts S by calculating SC for the 720 person days as separate units o ...
... The following two analyses are used to contrast the effect of the mechanistic model (Equation 2) against the classical model: 1) We illustrate the relationship between the expected number of secondary cases SC and the number of contacts S by calculating SC for the 720 person days as separate units o ...
Climate change and infectious diseases
... tend to classify infectious diseases by the defining characteristics of the microorganisms, such as viral or bacterial. For epidemiologists the two characteristics of foremost importance are the method of transmission of the pathogen and its natural reservoir, since they are concerned primarily with ...
... tend to classify infectious diseases by the defining characteristics of the microorganisms, such as viral or bacterial. For epidemiologists the two characteristics of foremost importance are the method of transmission of the pathogen and its natural reservoir, since they are concerned primarily with ...
Genomic and phylogenetic characterization of Brazilian yellow fever
... (31). YF is a zoonotic disease affecting nonhuman primates in the forest canopy, the primary vertebrate hosts; humans are infected upon invasion of the natural ecosystem where the virus exists. In Brazil, the virus is responsible for jungle yellow fever outbreaks with high case fatality rates. It is ...
... (31). YF is a zoonotic disease affecting nonhuman primates in the forest canopy, the primary vertebrate hosts; humans are infected upon invasion of the natural ecosystem where the virus exists. In Brazil, the virus is responsible for jungle yellow fever outbreaks with high case fatality rates. It is ...
Deforestation, hunting and the ecology of microbial emergence
... the distribution of medical microbial diversity, one exception is the suggestion that genomic characteristics of RNA viruses, such as high mutation and recombination rates have allowed them to more effectively negotiate the host-space between two highly dissimilar organisms [10]. While carefully pla ...
... the distribution of medical microbial diversity, one exception is the suggestion that genomic characteristics of RNA viruses, such as high mutation and recombination rates have allowed them to more effectively negotiate the host-space between two highly dissimilar organisms [10]. While carefully pla ...
Transmission dynamics of Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease may H M
... number R0 (the mean number of secondary infections per primary infection in a fully susceptible population) to below one (Anderson and May 1991, Roberts 2007). Thus, estimating R0 has been an essential component of managing recent disease threats, whether to human populations (for example, SARS [And ...
... number R0 (the mean number of secondary infections per primary infection in a fully susceptible population) to below one (Anderson and May 1991, Roberts 2007). Thus, estimating R0 has been an essential component of managing recent disease threats, whether to human populations (for example, SARS [And ...
Rapid drop in the reproduction number during the Ebola
... in a similar generation time distribution with shape parameter of approximately 2. Third, the model cannot capture the separate contribution of different control interventions, such as contact tracing, case isolation, protection of health care workers, and safe burials in reducing transmission. Four ...
... in a similar generation time distribution with shape parameter of approximately 2. Third, the model cannot capture the separate contribution of different control interventions, such as contact tracing, case isolation, protection of health care workers, and safe burials in reducing transmission. Four ...
Clinical Application and Interpretation of Molecular Microbiological
... methods. Early adoption of these methods by many clinical labs. • Amplification methods – excellent sensitivity and specificity. Contamination and workflow issues had to be overcome before useful clinically. • Sequencing and enzymatic digestion of nucleic acids – fueling an explosion of knowledge in ...
... methods. Early adoption of these methods by many clinical labs. • Amplification methods – excellent sensitivity and specificity. Contamination and workflow issues had to be overcome before useful clinically. • Sequencing and enzymatic digestion of nucleic acids – fueling an explosion of knowledge in ...
Vector Competence of California Mosquitoes for West Nile virus
... and the relative contribution of different vector species to virus amplification and persistence. The enzootic transmission cycles of WNV, Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) in North America are conceptually identical, with Culex vectors transmit ...
... and the relative contribution of different vector species to virus amplification and persistence. The enzootic transmission cycles of WNV, Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) in North America are conceptually identical, with Culex vectors transmit ...