Contrasting Temporal Bayesian Network Models for Analyzing HIV
... (PIs), making the sequential use of these agents frequently problematic. Although the mutations which result in drug resistance are mostly known, the dynamics of the appearance of those mutations on the time of occurrence remains poorly understood. The relationship between phenotypic susceptibility ...
... (PIs), making the sequential use of these agents frequently problematic. Although the mutations which result in drug resistance are mostly known, the dynamics of the appearance of those mutations on the time of occurrence remains poorly understood. The relationship between phenotypic susceptibility ...
The epidemiology and evolution of parasite transmission through
... transmission rates. However, cannibalism reduces disease prevalence in this model regardless of the magnitude of any of these transmission rates. Cannibalism rates on infecteds and on susceptibles may vary relative to each other across different pathogen-host systems in both directions. Often, infe ...
... transmission rates. However, cannibalism reduces disease prevalence in this model regardless of the magnitude of any of these transmission rates. Cannibalism rates on infecteds and on susceptibles may vary relative to each other across different pathogen-host systems in both directions. Often, infe ...
Modelling study to estimate the health burden of foodborne diseases
... are needed to mitigate the impact of foodborne disease. ...
... are needed to mitigate the impact of foodborne disease. ...
Linking genetic and environmental factors in amphibian disease risk
... resistant populations may occur across variable landscapes. To date, genetic studies of host susceptibility have focused on patterns of gene expression (Rosenblum et al. 2009, 2012; Ellison et al. 2014) and variation in innate or acquired immune genes (Woodhams et al. 2007; Savage and Zamudio 2011; ...
... resistant populations may occur across variable landscapes. To date, genetic studies of host susceptibility have focused on patterns of gene expression (Rosenblum et al. 2009, 2012; Ellison et al. 2014) and variation in innate or acquired immune genes (Woodhams et al. 2007; Savage and Zamudio 2011; ...
Human genetic susceptibility to infectious disease
... across the genome, with no assumption about the location of causal variants. The ability of GWASs to identify previously unsuspected genetic associations with common disease has now been demonstrated, although very large sample sizes are required to generate sufficient statistical power to detect tr ...
... across the genome, with no assumption about the location of causal variants. The ability of GWASs to identify previously unsuspected genetic associations with common disease has now been demonstrated, although very large sample sizes are required to generate sufficient statistical power to detect tr ...
The pluses and minuses of R0 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... as determined by more complicated models (Roberts et al. 2007). For example, if the whole population is initially susceptible (s(0)Z1) and R 0Z2, then zZ0.7968, and nearly 80% of the population is infected in the course of an epidemic. 2.2. The SIR endemic model If the time-scale of the infection is ...
... as determined by more complicated models (Roberts et al. 2007). For example, if the whole population is initially susceptible (s(0)Z1) and R 0Z2, then zZ0.7968, and nearly 80% of the population is infected in the course of an epidemic. 2.2. The SIR endemic model If the time-scale of the infection is ...
Extinction thresholds in host–parasite dynamics
... parasite interactions and is defined as the number of individuals contracting infection from a single infectious individual, introduced in a completely susceptible host population (Knell et al. 1998a). A recent review on this epidemiological parameter is given by Heesterbeek (2002). For classically ...
... parasite interactions and is defined as the number of individuals contracting infection from a single infectious individual, introduced in a completely susceptible host population (Knell et al. 1998a). A recent review on this epidemiological parameter is given by Heesterbeek (2002). For classically ...
Annual Bloodborne Pathogen Inservice School Year
... Sexual contact with an infected person Sharing needles with an infected person During birth from infected mother to child Needlesticks or sharps exposure while on the job Infected blood getting into an open cut or mucous membrane of an uninfected person • Note: Contact with saliva, tears or sweat ha ...
... Sexual contact with an infected person Sharing needles with an infected person During birth from infected mother to child Needlesticks or sharps exposure while on the job Infected blood getting into an open cut or mucous membrane of an uninfected person • Note: Contact with saliva, tears or sweat ha ...
Timing and severity of immunizing diseases in rabbits is controlled
... based on all capture and carcass-recovery records) in different weeks between 1998 and 2013. To do this, we used a multiple iterative regression approach [40] with three covariates (calendar weeks, years and a continuous time vector). The imputed MNA can be expected to provide a good surrogate for p ...
... based on all capture and carcass-recovery records) in different weeks between 1998 and 2013. To do this, we used a multiple iterative regression approach [40] with three covariates (calendar weeks, years and a continuous time vector). The imputed MNA can be expected to provide a good surrogate for p ...
Spread of Chytridiomycosis Has Caused the Rapid
... and is a theoretical hypothesis based on extrapolation from the reasons for localized emergence of endemic pathogens. It is also a less parsimonious hypothesis. There have been several papers discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence for these scenarios (Daszak et al., 2003; McCallum, ...
... and is a theoretical hypothesis based on extrapolation from the reasons for localized emergence of endemic pathogens. It is also a less parsimonious hypothesis. There have been several papers discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence for these scenarios (Daszak et al., 2003; McCallum, ...
Complex dynamics of synergistic coinfections on realistically clustered networks Laurent Hébert-Dufresne
... groups. This aggregation tends to hinder the spread of the disease by keeping it within groups where links are more likely to connect to already infected (immune) nodes (18). Clustering plays an important role in Ebola virus transmission (20), respiratory infections (21, 22), and sexually transmitte ...
... groups. This aggregation tends to hinder the spread of the disease by keeping it within groups where links are more likely to connect to already infected (immune) nodes (18). Clustering plays an important role in Ebola virus transmission (20), respiratory infections (21, 22), and sexually transmitte ...
Mathematical Epidemiology
... Modifications • Not always sick forever so could replace sick people with recovered people at some time • Could vaccinate people so they can’t get sick • Other ideas? ...
... Modifications • Not always sick forever so could replace sick people with recovered people at some time • Could vaccinate people so they can’t get sick • Other ideas? ...
A. See appendix A Bloodborne Pathogens (HBV,HCV, HIV)
... in this TI. When medical personnel are not present, security staff will send the exposed person to a workers’ compensation provider as quickly as possible. If there are any questions for medical personnel, the officer in charge will contact the responsible major institution. Information about the in ...
... in this TI. When medical personnel are not present, security staff will send the exposed person to a workers’ compensation provider as quickly as possible. If there are any questions for medical personnel, the officer in charge will contact the responsible major institution. Information about the in ...
Complementary approaches to diagnosing marine diseases: a
... density and demography. Dense host populations often result in more host –host contact, which can facilitate disease spread. Hence information on host density might help explain why some populations seem to experience disease more than others. As an example, bacterial epizootics in sea urchins are m ...
... density and demography. Dense host populations often result in more host –host contact, which can facilitate disease spread. Hence information on host density might help explain why some populations seem to experience disease more than others. As an example, bacterial epizootics in sea urchins are m ...
Overview of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Gram
... 848 • CID 2005:41 (15 September) • HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY ...
... 848 • CID 2005:41 (15 September) • HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY ...
Why infectious disease research needs community ecology
... community ecology have been applied to various host-parasite systems [e.g., (24–27)], the “community ecology of disease” remains in its relative infancy, with most studies focusing on interactions between a single host and parasite species, often at a single scale. Data availability and quality are ...
... community ecology have been applied to various host-parasite systems [e.g., (24–27)], the “community ecology of disease” remains in its relative infancy, with most studies focusing on interactions between a single host and parasite species, often at a single scale. Data availability and quality are ...
Health Science Core Chapter 1, 2, 3, and 4
... 3. Route of Transmission – method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host • Direct contact • Air ...
... 3. Route of Transmission – method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host • Direct contact • Air ...
Why infectious disease research needs community ecology
... community ecology have been applied to various host-parasite systems [e.g., (24–27)], the “community ecology of disease” remains in its relative infancy, with most studies focusing on interactions between a single host and parasite species, often at a single scale. Data availability and quality are ...
... community ecology have been applied to various host-parasite systems [e.g., (24–27)], the “community ecology of disease” remains in its relative infancy, with most studies focusing on interactions between a single host and parasite species, often at a single scale. Data availability and quality are ...
Pathogen evolution in a vaccinated world
... of acute childhood diseases like smallpox, polio, and measles does not mean vaccines are evolutionproof. The pathogens now being targeted are quite different from the organisms responsible for those diseases, and some of the vast evolutionary experiments currently being conducted with vaccines are g ...
... of acute childhood diseases like smallpox, polio, and measles does not mean vaccines are evolutionproof. The pathogens now being targeted are quite different from the organisms responsible for those diseases, and some of the vast evolutionary experiments currently being conducted with vaccines are g ...
a Schaffner et al Ae japonicus REVIEWED REVISED
... transmission potential was demonstrated for both viruses by isolation of infectious viral particles in collected saliva (DENV: 20 ffu/saliva, n=1; CHIKV: ~9 ffu/saliva, range 1-25, 5/13). Albeit the number of investigated mosquitoes was low due to the reluctance of the F-0 females to feed under arti ...
... transmission potential was demonstrated for both viruses by isolation of infectious viral particles in collected saliva (DENV: 20 ffu/saliva, n=1; CHIKV: ~9 ffu/saliva, range 1-25, 5/13). Albeit the number of investigated mosquitoes was low due to the reluctance of the F-0 females to feed under arti ...
Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife
... concern in biological conservation. The emergence of these diseases has increased over the past few decades and is now viewed as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity (Daszak et al., 2000; Smith et al., 2009). However, little is known about transmission routes and infection dynamics in the wil ...
... concern in biological conservation. The emergence of these diseases has increased over the past few decades and is now viewed as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity (Daszak et al., 2000; Smith et al., 2009). However, little is known about transmission routes and infection dynamics in the wil ...
Reprint
... allowing the mean of the distribution itself to be a random variable. For example, Lloyd-Smith et al. (2005) generally draw the mean, n, from a Gamma distribution with mean R0 and dispersion parameter b; then X has a negative binomial distribution with mean R0 and dispersion b. As special cases, b ¼ ...
... allowing the mean of the distribution itself to be a random variable. For example, Lloyd-Smith et al. (2005) generally draw the mean, n, from a Gamma distribution with mean R0 and dispersion parameter b; then X has a negative binomial distribution with mean R0 and dispersion b. As special cases, b ¼ ...
Vaccine Evidences of parasite evolution after vaccination
... different strains. This effectively reduced the incidence of pertussis, but in many countries pertussis remains an endemic disease. Worse still, in some highly vaccinated populations the incidence of pertussis has started to increase again since 1990s. It has been suggested that this reemergence cou ...
... different strains. This effectively reduced the incidence of pertussis, but in many countries pertussis remains an endemic disease. Worse still, in some highly vaccinated populations the incidence of pertussis has started to increase again since 1990s. It has been suggested that this reemergence cou ...
Introduction to statistical inference for infectious diseases
... 1. Introduction Infectious disease models aim at understanding the underlying mechanisms that influence the spread of diseases and predicting disease transmission. Mathematical models have been increasingly used to evaluate the potential impact of different control measures and to guide public healt ...
... 1. Introduction Infectious disease models aim at understanding the underlying mechanisms that influence the spread of diseases and predicting disease transmission. Mathematical models have been increasingly used to evaluate the potential impact of different control measures and to guide public healt ...
Reprint
... different strains. This effectively reduced the incidence of pertussis, but in many countries pertussis remains an endemic disease. Worse still, in some highly vaccinated populations the incidence of pertussis has started to increase again since 1990s. It has been suggested that this reemergence cou ...
... different strains. This effectively reduced the incidence of pertussis, but in many countries pertussis remains an endemic disease. Worse still, in some highly vaccinated populations the incidence of pertussis has started to increase again since 1990s. It has been suggested that this reemergence cou ...