The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous U.S. Precipitation
... models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased ...
... models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased ...
Slight glacier reduction over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau
... show positive values of 0.05±0.07 m yr-1 (Kääb et al., 2015), 0.17±0.15 m yr-1 (Gardner et al., 2013) and 0.04±0.295 m yr-1 (Neckel et al., 2014) for glacier elevation changes from 2003 to 2009. At Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir), geodetic measurements show the averaged glacier mass budgets are slightly ...
... show positive values of 0.05±0.07 m yr-1 (Kääb et al., 2015), 0.17±0.15 m yr-1 (Gardner et al., 2013) and 0.04±0.295 m yr-1 (Neckel et al., 2014) for glacier elevation changes from 2003 to 2009. At Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir), geodetic measurements show the averaged glacier mass budgets are slightly ...
Organizational learning in regional governance: A study of the Arctic
... in the environment may be affected by climate change (AMAP 2002; Macdonald et al. 2002; AMAP 2009b). From the perspective of understanding the role of the Arctic Council in the continued work on chemicals policy, it is important that some of the ideas of monitoring from AMAP were “exported” to the i ...
... in the environment may be affected by climate change (AMAP 2002; Macdonald et al. 2002; AMAP 2009b). From the perspective of understanding the role of the Arctic Council in the continued work on chemicals policy, it is important that some of the ideas of monitoring from AMAP were “exported” to the i ...
Asia-Pacific Human Development Report
... These large deprivations are compounded by geographic exposure, climate-sensitive livelihoods and low capacity to recover from shocks. Human beings can no longer continue to think of themselves as distinct from the environment. They have been transforming nature for too long — notably by releasing h ...
... These large deprivations are compounded by geographic exposure, climate-sensitive livelihoods and low capacity to recover from shocks. Human beings can no longer continue to think of themselves as distinct from the environment. They have been transforming nature for too long — notably by releasing h ...
Urban vulnerability and the contribution of socio
... show evidence of interrelations with other processes such as demographic, economic and land-use change. It is common knowledge that climate change has a direct effect on the living conditions of countless people, and by no means in developing countries only (IPCC, 2014). Hence the impacts of climate ...
... show evidence of interrelations with other processes such as demographic, economic and land-use change. It is common knowledge that climate change has a direct effect on the living conditions of countless people, and by no means in developing countries only (IPCC, 2014). Hence the impacts of climate ...
PDF
... abatement path as long as the probability of geoengineering being implemented and effective is not very close to one. If we consider a fixed climate stabilization target, the optimal abatement becomes even stronger prior to the resolution of uncertainty. The results are found to be robust to differe ...
... abatement path as long as the probability of geoengineering being implemented and effective is not very close to one. If we consider a fixed climate stabilization target, the optimal abatement becomes even stronger prior to the resolution of uncertainty. The results are found to be robust to differe ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded in the 21st Century by an unprecedented combination of climate change effects and associated disturbances such as flooding, famine, drought, wildfire, insects, and ocean acidification. Other global change drivers include; land use change, po ...
... The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded in the 21st Century by an unprecedented combination of climate change effects and associated disturbances such as flooding, famine, drought, wildfire, insects, and ocean acidification. Other global change drivers include; land use change, po ...
APPENDIX VII. Thesis and Dissertations authored by GREF Fellows.
... Amanda S. Holden, MS 2008: “Estimating contributions of primary biomass combustion to fine particulate matter at sites in the western United States.” Advisor – Jeffrey Collett Jr. ...
... Amanda S. Holden, MS 2008: “Estimating contributions of primary biomass combustion to fine particulate matter at sites in the western United States.” Advisor – Jeffrey Collett Jr. ...
Climate change - Citizens` Climate Lobby
... percent agree that global warming is happening because of human activities. If the science is settled, what does this mean for us here in Kansas? In their 2008 report, “Climate Change Hits Home, T ...
... percent agree that global warming is happening because of human activities. If the science is settled, what does this mean for us here in Kansas? In their 2008 report, “Climate Change Hits Home, T ...
Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes
... Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, and Communities is a report aimed at assessing the state of knowledge about key climate impacts and consequences to various sectors and communities in the Northwest United States. This report draws on two recent state climate ...
... Climate Change in the Northwest: Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, and Communities is a report aimed at assessing the state of knowledge about key climate impacts and consequences to various sectors and communities in the Northwest United States. This report draws on two recent state climate ...
Selected Tools to Evaluate Water Monitoring Networks for Climate
... conditions) requires decision-makers to understand the degree to which a system is susceptible to and able to cope with adverse effects of climate change. Governments and water managers can use existing water monitoring networks to gather information needed to plan for and assess possible adaptation ...
... conditions) requires decision-makers to understand the degree to which a system is susceptible to and able to cope with adverse effects of climate change. Governments and water managers can use existing water monitoring networks to gather information needed to plan for and assess possible adaptation ...
Adapting to Coastal Climate Change
... urgency. Nowhere will these challenges be greater than in the developing world where often weak institutions and governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and diminishing or already depleted natural resources. In this context, the ...
... urgency. Nowhere will these challenges be greater than in the developing world where often weak institutions and governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and diminishing or already depleted natural resources. In this context, the ...
When Change Causes Stress: Effects of Self
... The self can be construed at different levels of inclusiveness (Aron et al. 1991; Brewer and Gardner 1996; Sedikides and Brewer 2001). People may think about or perceive themselves in more personal terms or in more social terms. The personal form of self-construal is activated when an individual’s s ...
... The self can be construed at different levels of inclusiveness (Aron et al. 1991; Brewer and Gardner 1996; Sedikides and Brewer 2001). People may think about or perceive themselves in more personal terms or in more social terms. The personal form of self-construal is activated when an individual’s s ...
CRP.13 - the United Nations
... 1.1.1. The idea for this Summit emerged from the original plan to hold a Global Summit on Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change which will be held in Alaska from 20-24 April 2009. This Global Summit is mainly organized by the International Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC). During the first meeting of ...
... 1.1.1. The idea for this Summit emerged from the original plan to hold a Global Summit on Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change which will be held in Alaska from 20-24 April 2009. This Global Summit is mainly organized by the International Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC). During the first meeting of ...
Response of spatial vegetation distribution in China to climate
... shown that tropical forests tend to decrease the local temperature (local cooling) whereas temperate forests tend to increase it [6], which suggests that changes in the distribution of vegetation could affect the local climate through cooling and warming effects [7] and by altering carbon and water ...
... shown that tropical forests tend to decrease the local temperature (local cooling) whereas temperate forests tend to increase it [6], which suggests that changes in the distribution of vegetation could affect the local climate through cooling and warming effects [7] and by altering carbon and water ...
TowARD ReSiLienCe
... and humanitarian work: conflict settings; early recovery; urban environments; and slow-onset disasters. It provides guidance on how to apply the principles for effective programming and advocacy to build resilience in each context. Chapter 6 describes the importance of governance and advocacy for th ...
... and humanitarian work: conflict settings; early recovery; urban environments; and slow-onset disasters. It provides guidance on how to apply the principles for effective programming and advocacy to build resilience in each context. Chapter 6 describes the importance of governance and advocacy for th ...
The leading variability mode of the coupled troposphere
... of the stratospheric circulation by tropospheric planetary waves [Boville and Cheng, 1988] and therefore the variability in the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex. As a result, at the 50-hPa pressure level, the long-term winter mean temperature at the North Pole amounts to 78C, which is 9 K ...
... of the stratospheric circulation by tropospheric planetary waves [Boville and Cheng, 1988] and therefore the variability in the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex. As a result, at the 50-hPa pressure level, the long-term winter mean temperature at the North Pole amounts to 78C, which is 9 K ...
Update on Climate Geoengineering in Relation to the
... Climate change is increasingly becoming an important driver of biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services. The Paris Agreement, which strengthened international support for limiting global warming, will enter into force on November 2016 and is a positive step, especially from the point ...
... Climate change is increasingly becoming an important driver of biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services. The Paris Agreement, which strengthened international support for limiting global warming, will enter into force on November 2016 and is a positive step, especially from the point ...
Flowering phenology in a species-rich temperate grassland is
... Flowering commencement date averaged across all species was not affected by CO2 concentration (Fig. 1; Table 1); neither was there any significant interaction between CO2 and any of the other factors (Table 1). This lack of any CO2 effect was consistent across years, as demonstrated by the nonsignif ...
... Flowering commencement date averaged across all species was not affected by CO2 concentration (Fig. 1; Table 1); neither was there any significant interaction between CO2 and any of the other factors (Table 1). This lack of any CO2 effect was consistent across years, as demonstrated by the nonsignif ...
Low Carbon Development Strategies
... planning includes goal-setting and definition of strategies to attain those goals, identifying strategic areas of focus, nation-wide policies and budgeting, sectoral plans and specific initiatives to address social issues, health, transport, energy, education and many other pressing development aspe ...
... planning includes goal-setting and definition of strategies to attain those goals, identifying strategic areas of focus, nation-wide policies and budgeting, sectoral plans and specific initiatives to address social issues, health, transport, energy, education and many other pressing development aspe ...
traditional agroecosystems and global change implications in mexico
... The CGCM2 SRES climate change model was used, which was created by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (Flato et al., 2000). It is a spectral model with triangular truncation at the wave number 32 (that gives a resolution of the grid surface 3.7º x3.7º) and 10 vertical levels. In ...
... The CGCM2 SRES climate change model was used, which was created by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (Flato et al., 2000). It is a spectral model with triangular truncation at the wave number 32 (that gives a resolution of the grid surface 3.7º x3.7º) and 10 vertical levels. In ...
Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
... design of global climate policy (O’Neill & Oppenheimer, 2002; O’Neill & Oppenheimer, 2004). Previous studies have estimated the impact of climate change on coral bleaching by the relating projected future sea surface temperatures (SST) from atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (GCMs) to the c ...
... design of global climate policy (O’Neill & Oppenheimer, 2002; O’Neill & Oppenheimer, 2004). Previous studies have estimated the impact of climate change on coral bleaching by the relating projected future sea surface temperatures (SST) from atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (GCMs) to the c ...
Managing Protected Areas in Central and Eastern Europe Under
... in Protected Areas” (HABIT-CHANGE). This first idea was further developed and extended during several meetings with a growing number of interested partners. After two years of preparation, the project proposal was submitted to the European transnational funding programme INTERREG IV B Central Europe ...
... in Protected Areas” (HABIT-CHANGE). This first idea was further developed and extended during several meetings with a growing number of interested partners. After two years of preparation, the project proposal was submitted to the European transnational funding programme INTERREG IV B Central Europe ...
SAC Elections - Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
... The SAC devoted considerable time to discussing what the future direction of the IAI should be. The members concurred that a high priority should be placed on supporting a new round of research and capacity- building projects. There was general agreement that projects funded at about $150K over a th ...
... The SAC devoted considerable time to discussing what the future direction of the IAI should be. The members concurred that a high priority should be placed on supporting a new round of research and capacity- building projects. There was general agreement that projects funded at about $150K over a th ...
The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on US Transportation
... eading scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change published their fourth assessment of the state of knowledge about climate change and its impacts in spring 2007. They reached consensus that human activity is responsible for many observed climate changes, particularly the warming t ...
... eading scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change published their fourth assessment of the state of knowledge about climate change and its impacts in spring 2007. They reached consensus that human activity is responsible for many observed climate changes, particularly the warming t ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.