Synergy of rising nitrogen depositions and atmospheric CO2 on land
... concentration and nitrogen deposition could slow down the rate of CO2 increase and facilitate climate change mitigation. Using a coupled model of climate, ocean, and land biogeochemistry, we show that atmospheric nitrogen deposition and atmospheric CO2 have a strong synergistic effect on the carbon ...
... concentration and nitrogen deposition could slow down the rate of CO2 increase and facilitate climate change mitigation. Using a coupled model of climate, ocean, and land biogeochemistry, we show that atmospheric nitrogen deposition and atmospheric CO2 have a strong synergistic effect on the carbon ...
Working Paper 205 - Watkiss (opens in new window)
... project are to help inform the development community about the current state-of-knowledge, and emerging thinking on the economics of adaptation and its application to development, with a focus on methodology, data, gaps and challenges, research capacity, and policy implications. The project has been ...
... project are to help inform the development community about the current state-of-knowledge, and emerging thinking on the economics of adaptation and its application to development, with a focus on methodology, data, gaps and challenges, research capacity, and policy implications. The project has been ...
Full-Text PDF
... medium and low flows, are important to sustain the native biodiversity [11,14]. Translating this paradigm of the “natural flow regime” into site-specific, quantitative environmental flow prescriptions remains an unsolved challenge [14]. General, robust, quantitative relationships between river flow ...
... medium and low flows, are important to sustain the native biodiversity [11,14]. Translating this paradigm of the “natural flow regime” into site-specific, quantitative environmental flow prescriptions remains an unsolved challenge [14]. General, robust, quantitative relationships between river flow ...
Distributions and climate effects of atmospheric aerosols from the
... which aerosols, such as black carbon (BC) and soil dust particles, absorb solar radiation and warm the surrounding atmosphere, resulting in a change in liquid/ice water content due to a change in the saturated water vapour pressure and atmospheric stabilisation (Koch and Del Genio, 2010; Takemura an ...
... which aerosols, such as black carbon (BC) and soil dust particles, absorb solar radiation and warm the surrounding atmosphere, resulting in a change in liquid/ice water content due to a change in the saturated water vapour pressure and atmospheric stabilisation (Koch and Del Genio, 2010; Takemura an ...
Climatic Impact of Volcanic Eruptions
... results from the large size of this material, thus it cannot remain aloft for a long period of time and it cannot travel far from the erupting vent in sufficient enough quantities to have a widespread impact on climate. Although individual grains are very efficient in absorbing and reflecting incomi ...
... results from the large size of this material, thus it cannot remain aloft for a long period of time and it cannot travel far from the erupting vent in sufficient enough quantities to have a widespread impact on climate. Although individual grains are very efficient in absorbing and reflecting incomi ...
Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptations in Canadian Arctic
... categories: the first includes tools that exclusively detail the prioritization of adaptation options, and the second refers to detailed adaptation decision support methods embedded within overall vulnerability and adaptation assessment frameworks. Between these two categories, some tools overlap in ...
... categories: the first includes tools that exclusively detail the prioritization of adaptation options, and the second refers to detailed adaptation decision support methods embedded within overall vulnerability and adaptation assessment frameworks. Between these two categories, some tools overlap in ...
DISCUSSION PAPER Paving the Way for U.S. Climate
... because climate change affects the constitutional authorities of both political branches of government. Although the President leads our diplomatic efforts, Congress initiates legislation to strengthen our economy, manage government spending, and protect our general welfare. Climate change is a glob ...
... because climate change affects the constitutional authorities of both political branches of government. Although the President leads our diplomatic efforts, Congress initiates legislation to strengthen our economy, manage government spending, and protect our general welfare. Climate change is a glob ...
Spatial Planning in Coastal Regions
... This report highlights the core issues of coastal adaptation to climate change and discusses the impacts of climate change on spatial planning in coastal regions. It outlines the objectives of the working group 8.4 and its achievements over the past four years. It also draws members’ attention to FI ...
... This report highlights the core issues of coastal adaptation to climate change and discusses the impacts of climate change on spatial planning in coastal regions. It outlines the objectives of the working group 8.4 and its achievements over the past four years. It also draws members’ attention to FI ...
Technical Change and the Marginal Cost of Abatement∗
... firm when emissions are constrained to be below a limit ε̄. Assuming that ec = ε̄ (i.e. abatement takes place) then we can solve for the shadow price on the fossil limit, λE as follows ...
... firm when emissions are constrained to be below a limit ε̄. Assuming that ec = ε̄ (i.e. abatement takes place) then we can solve for the shadow price on the fossil limit, λE as follows ...
Climate and the Tropical Oceans - LDEO Climate Group
... an enhanced Walker circulation and an increased zonal mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the ...
... an enhanced Walker circulation and an increased zonal mean meridional overturning in the ocean in response to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0994e/i0994e.pdf
... both gradual warming and associated physical changes as well as from frequency, intensity and location of extreme events, and take place in the context of other global socio-economic pressures on natural resources. An outline of the main impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods and their implications f ...
... both gradual warming and associated physical changes as well as from frequency, intensity and location of extreme events, and take place in the context of other global socio-economic pressures on natural resources. An outline of the main impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods and their implications f ...
South Asia - International Institute for Sustainable Development
... community level, are not fully represented within the review. Climate Vulnerability Over the past several decades, South Asian countries have become increasingly prone to weatherrelated threats that previously had not been experienced at a regional scale, and have witnessed an increase in the intens ...
... community level, are not fully represented within the review. Climate Vulnerability Over the past several decades, South Asian countries have become increasingly prone to weatherrelated threats that previously had not been experienced at a regional scale, and have witnessed an increase in the intens ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas - iied iied
... Table 1: The distribution of the world’s urban population by region, 1950–2010...................................... 7 Table 2: The distribution of the world’s largest cities by region over time ................................................ 8 Table 3: Comparing disasters, “small disasters” and ev ...
... Table 1: The distribution of the world’s urban population by region, 1950–2010...................................... 7 Table 2: The distribution of the world’s largest cities by region over time ................................................ 8 Table 3: Comparing disasters, “small disasters” and ev ...
Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture
... both gradual warming and associated physical changes as well as from frequency, intensity and location of extreme events, and take place in the context of other global socio-economic pressures on natural resources. An outline of the main impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods and their implications f ...
... both gradual warming and associated physical changes as well as from frequency, intensity and location of extreme events, and take place in the context of other global socio-economic pressures on natural resources. An outline of the main impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods and their implications f ...
National Integrated Mitigation Planning in Agriculture: A guidance document
... undernourished (FAOb, 2012). In a world in which the global demand for food and food security is increasing, there are concerns about the impacts of climate change on future food production and availability (Beddington et al., 2012; FAO, 2009). Agriculture is also a source of GHGs that drive climate ...
... undernourished (FAOb, 2012). In a world in which the global demand for food and food security is increasing, there are concerns about the impacts of climate change on future food production and availability (Beddington et al., 2012; FAO, 2009). Agriculture is also a source of GHGs that drive climate ...
Investment and growth in the time of climate change
... 2009. He is also a member of the German Advisory Group on Ukraine and the German Economic Team in Belarus, advising policymakers in these countries on energy-sector issues. He previously worked at LARSEN in Paris, at the German Ministry of Finance and at the German Institute for Economic Research (D ...
... 2009. He is also a member of the German Advisory Group on Ukraine and the German Economic Team in Belarus, advising policymakers in these countries on energy-sector issues. He previously worked at LARSEN in Paris, at the German Ministry of Finance and at the German Institute for Economic Research (D ...
gcos regional action plan for central asia
... country, Russia, has a long coastline bordering the Arctic Ocean. As the aggregate of different meteorological patterns, the following types of climate may be distinguished in Central Asia: the tundra climate (associated with the cold, treeless plains of the Arctic lowlands); the cold, sharply conti ...
... country, Russia, has a long coastline bordering the Arctic Ocean. As the aggregate of different meteorological patterns, the following types of climate may be distinguished in Central Asia: the tundra climate (associated with the cold, treeless plains of the Arctic lowlands); the cold, sharply conti ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... has brought us to 2010 - without clear and bold commitments on emissions that will cap global temperature rise to 2 degrees C. In a changing world, IOC has nevertheless striven to address climate from several angles – governance, science, observations, and capacity-development. The Ministerial Round ...
... has brought us to 2010 - without clear and bold commitments on emissions that will cap global temperature rise to 2 degrees C. In a changing world, IOC has nevertheless striven to address climate from several angles – governance, science, observations, and capacity-development. The Ministerial Round ...
Coastal Ecosystems Responses to Climate Change
... intensify by the 2070s. Average ocean pH is projected to fall, particularly in the northeast, by 0.3 – 0.4 if atmospheric CO2 concentrations reach 540 – 979 ppm by the end of this Century making the ocean more acidic than at any time over the last 800 000 years. Finally, sea level rose by an average ...
... intensify by the 2070s. Average ocean pH is projected to fall, particularly in the northeast, by 0.3 – 0.4 if atmospheric CO2 concentrations reach 540 – 979 ppm by the end of this Century making the ocean more acidic than at any time over the last 800 000 years. Finally, sea level rose by an average ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... has brought us to 2010 - without clear and bold commitments on emissions that will cap global temperature rise to 2 degrees C. In a changing world, IOC has nevertheless striven to address climate from several angles – governance, science, observations, and capacity-development. The Ministerial Round ...
... has brought us to 2010 - without clear and bold commitments on emissions that will cap global temperature rise to 2 degrees C. In a changing world, IOC has nevertheless striven to address climate from several angles – governance, science, observations, and capacity-development. The Ministerial Round ...
PDF
... University of Victoria PO Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 CANADA Ph: 250.472.4415 Fax: 250.721.6214 www.vkooten.net/repa This working paper is made available by the Resource Economics and Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group at the University of Victoria. REPA working papers have not been pee ...
... University of Victoria PO Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 CANADA Ph: 250.472.4415 Fax: 250.721.6214 www.vkooten.net/repa This working paper is made available by the Resource Economics and Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group at the University of Victoria. REPA working papers have not been pee ...
111128 OMPO cover.psd - Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization
... These planning and engineering resources represented the following agencies: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism‐Office of Planning Hawaii Department of Civil Defense Hawaii Department of Transportation Hawaii Local Technical Assistance Program Honolulu Dep ...
... These planning and engineering resources represented the following agencies: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism‐Office of Planning Hawaii Department of Civil Defense Hawaii Department of Transportation Hawaii Local Technical Assistance Program Honolulu Dep ...
East Midlands Sustainable Development Round Table The Potential
... Overall, we will have to live with some level of climate change and plan accordingly. In order to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority ...
... Overall, we will have to live with some level of climate change and plan accordingly. In order to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority ...
Is there an ASEAN policy on Climate Change?
... and is surrounded by major seas and gulfs such as the South China Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. In view of its proximity to the equator, the region enjoys a warm and humid climate throughout the year. Natural Resources. The ASEAN region is endowed with rich natural resources that su ...
... and is surrounded by major seas and gulfs such as the South China Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. In view of its proximity to the equator, the region enjoys a warm and humid climate throughout the year. Natural Resources. The ASEAN region is endowed with rich natural resources that su ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.