8 — Urban Areas - Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
... Urban climate change risks, vulnerabilities, and impacts are increasing across the world in urban centers of all sizes, economic conditions, and site characteristics. {8.2} Urban climate change-related risks are increasing (including rising sea levels and storm surges, heat stress, extreme precipita ...
... Urban climate change risks, vulnerabilities, and impacts are increasing across the world in urban centers of all sizes, economic conditions, and site characteristics. {8.2} Urban climate change-related risks are increasing (including rising sea levels and storm surges, heat stress, extreme precipita ...
Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation in the Blue Mountains
... lands are conserved, restored, and made more resilient to climate change, while enhancing our water resources” (USDA FS 2010b). To achieve this goal, the performance scorecard contains 10 criteria grouped in four dimensions: (1) increasing organizational capacity; (2) partnerships, engagement, and e ...
... lands are conserved, restored, and made more resilient to climate change, while enhancing our water resources” (USDA FS 2010b). To achieve this goal, the performance scorecard contains 10 criteria grouped in four dimensions: (1) increasing organizational capacity; (2) partnerships, engagement, and e ...
Development in the News
... http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionalsnetwork/barclays-partner-zone/global-youth-employment-hope 14. Climate change laws: time to act on the IPCC report? http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionalsnetwork/2014/mar/31/ipcc-climate-change-talks-national-legislation ...
... http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionalsnetwork/barclays-partner-zone/global-youth-employment-hope 14. Climate change laws: time to act on the IPCC report? http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionalsnetwork/2014/mar/31/ipcc-climate-change-talks-national-legislation ...
Master Thesis - Erasmus University Thesis Repository
... that is, to public discourse. These analyses, just like analyses of media discourse on climate change, almost always start off by stating that scientists today speak with a near unified voice on the existence of a human induced greenhouse effect and in least in general ways on its potential dramatic ...
... that is, to public discourse. These analyses, just like analyses of media discourse on climate change, almost always start off by stating that scientists today speak with a near unified voice on the existence of a human induced greenhouse effect and in least in general ways on its potential dramatic ...
Review of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
... and WCRP must learn to flexibly respond, either by evolving into a more relevant form by broadening it s scientific base, or by focusing on current streng ths and being ready to collaborate with others on new programmes. The world has changed, and, to be successful, WCRP must adapt accordingly. This ...
... and WCRP must learn to flexibly respond, either by evolving into a more relevant form by broadening it s scientific base, or by focusing on current streng ths and being ready to collaborate with others on new programmes. The world has changed, and, to be successful, WCRP must adapt accordingly. This ...
National Surveys on Energy and the Environment (NSEE) Fall 2015
... Q5. Is the earth getting warmer because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels, or mostly because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment? Human activity .....................................................1 Natural patterns ....................................................2 A com ...
... Q5. Is the earth getting warmer because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels, or mostly because of natural patterns in the earth’s environment? Human activity .....................................................1 Natural patterns ....................................................2 A com ...
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... between things that we value, when these values often pull in different directions. It might also require transforming the way we, and others, value our world. Value systems are often informed by ...
... between things that we value, when these values often pull in different directions. It might also require transforming the way we, and others, value our world. Value systems are often informed by ...
Migration, Environment and Climate Change
... Within the wider framework of climate change adaptation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines adaptation as the “adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportuniti ...
... Within the wider framework of climate change adaptation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines adaptation as the “adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportuniti ...
Climate change, crop yields, and internal migration in the United
... Like the rest of the world, the United States has already experienced climate change. Over the past 50 years, U.S. average temperature has risen more than 1◦ C and precipitation has increased an average of about 5 percent (Karl, Melillo & Peterson 2009). Humaninduced emissions of heat-trapping gase ...
... Like the rest of the world, the United States has already experienced climate change. Over the past 50 years, U.S. average temperature has risen more than 1◦ C and precipitation has increased an average of about 5 percent (Karl, Melillo & Peterson 2009). Humaninduced emissions of heat-trapping gase ...
Centennial and Millennial climate- carbon cycle feedback analysis
... atmospheric CO2 growth rate of last decade 2003-2012 was 2.07 ppm yr-1 which was the highest ever recorded growth rate of last five decades (Table 1). ...
... atmospheric CO2 growth rate of last decade 2003-2012 was 2.07 ppm yr-1 which was the highest ever recorded growth rate of last five decades (Table 1). ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Clayoquot Sound
... reduced by sea otter populations which also feed on these crab species. Other marine species, including the feather boa kelp and the Humboldt squid, appear to be moving north in response to the warming waters off the west coast of BC. Similar trends of movement northwards are predicted for terrestri ...
... reduced by sea otter populations which also feed on these crab species. Other marine species, including the feather boa kelp and the Humboldt squid, appear to be moving north in response to the warming waters off the west coast of BC. Similar trends of movement northwards are predicted for terrestri ...
Vulnerability Index to climate change in the Latin
... The consequences of these physical impacts are determined not only by a country’s exposure to the variations, but also by the underlying sensitivity of a population to these impacts and the institutional capacity to implement effective adaptation. Climate change vulnerability is a multi-dimensional ...
... The consequences of these physical impacts are determined not only by a country’s exposure to the variations, but also by the underlying sensitivity of a population to these impacts and the institutional capacity to implement effective adaptation. Climate change vulnerability is a multi-dimensional ...
Long-term interactions between vegetation and climate
... The effect of temperature on photosynthesis and respiration Both photosynthesis and autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration are chemical reactions with a reaction speed depending on temperature. The description for the dependency of chemical conversions on temperature, proposed by Arrhenius at the ...
... The effect of temperature on photosynthesis and respiration Both photosynthesis and autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration are chemical reactions with a reaction speed depending on temperature. The description for the dependency of chemical conversions on temperature, proposed by Arrhenius at the ...
The positive impact of human CO2 emissions on the survival of life
... a topic which has been well established in the scientific literature but which is far too often ignored in the current discussions about climate change policy. ...
... a topic which has been well established in the scientific literature but which is far too often ignored in the current discussions about climate change policy. ...
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... or increasing the benefits of climate change. To set optimal policies, Integrated Assessments Models (IAMs) have been developed to study the full cause and effect chain of climate change. In many such models, the damages of climate change are monetised and can be compared with the costs of mitigatio ...
... or increasing the benefits of climate change. To set optimal policies, Integrated Assessments Models (IAMs) have been developed to study the full cause and effect chain of climate change. In many such models, the damages of climate change are monetised and can be compared with the costs of mitigatio ...
An Integrated Assessment of Changes in the Thermohaline Circulation
... Given the large uncertainties discussed, it is hardly surprising that the elicitation among leading ocean experts presented later in this paper reveals widely differing views about the probability of a shutdown being triggered this century, with some estimates even exceeding the 50% level for scenar ...
... Given the large uncertainties discussed, it is hardly surprising that the elicitation among leading ocean experts presented later in this paper reveals widely differing views about the probability of a shutdown being triggered this century, with some estimates even exceeding the 50% level for scenar ...
text_2ed_rev - Department of the Geophysical Sciences
... climate system take a long time to change, such as melting an ice sheet or warming the deep ocean. It is hard enough to predict the equilibrium climate response to some change in forcing, but even harder to predict how quickly it will change (Chapter 12). Carbon, Energy, and Climate Climate change f ...
... climate system take a long time to change, such as melting an ice sheet or warming the deep ocean. It is hard enough to predict the equilibrium climate response to some change in forcing, but even harder to predict how quickly it will change (Chapter 12). Carbon, Energy, and Climate Climate change f ...
Risks from Climate Change to Indigenous Communities in
... Climate projections for the region indicate a range of biophysical impacts with various levels of certainty. Uncertainty in climate projections will be an ever present constraint, however this concern cannot be allowed to delay action. There is sufficient certainty to enable immediate policy develop ...
... Climate projections for the region indicate a range of biophysical impacts with various levels of certainty. Uncertainty in climate projections will be an ever present constraint, however this concern cannot be allowed to delay action. There is sufficient certainty to enable immediate policy develop ...
Temperatures in transient climates
... or even local mean temperatures to greenhouse gas forcing. Many agricultural crops, for example, are highly sensitive to even brief periods of stress temperatures, particularly at certain times of the growing cycle, so crop yields can be strongly affected by changes in temperature variability ...
... or even local mean temperatures to greenhouse gas forcing. Many agricultural crops, for example, are highly sensitive to even brief periods of stress temperatures, particularly at certain times of the growing cycle, so crop yields can be strongly affected by changes in temperature variability ...
Vulnerability of fishes of the Great Barrier Reef to climate
... individuals from strong recruitment pulses often exhibiting higher growth rates during the larval period than those from weak recruitment pulses155,12,183. Several studies have found a positive correlation between larval growth rate and ocean temperature105,183 and one110 found that temperature had ...
... individuals from strong recruitment pulses often exhibiting higher growth rates during the larval period than those from weak recruitment pulses155,12,183. Several studies have found a positive correlation between larval growth rate and ocean temperature105,183 and one110 found that temperature had ...
28 REDD+: What should come next?
... Local and sub-national REDD+ projects exist in 47 countries. Most of these are selfdefined and not part of a national REDD+ strategy as such (Simonet et al. 2014). In an in-depth review of 23 initiatives, de Sassi et al. (2014, p. 421) conclude that most projects have served their explorative roles, ...
... Local and sub-national REDD+ projects exist in 47 countries. Most of these are selfdefined and not part of a national REDD+ strategy as such (Simonet et al. 2014). In an in-depth review of 23 initiatives, de Sassi et al. (2014, p. 421) conclude that most projects have served their explorative roles, ...
Slight glacier reduction over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau
... show positive values of 0.05±0.07 m yr-1 (Kääb et al., 2015), 0.17±0.15 m yr-1 (Gardner et al., 2013) and 0.04±0.295 m yr-1 (Neckel et al., 2014) for glacier elevation changes from 2003 to 2009. At Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir), geodetic measurements show the averaged glacier mass budgets are slightly ...
... show positive values of 0.05±0.07 m yr-1 (Kääb et al., 2015), 0.17±0.15 m yr-1 (Gardner et al., 2013) and 0.04±0.295 m yr-1 (Neckel et al., 2014) for glacier elevation changes from 2003 to 2009. At Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir), geodetic measurements show the averaged glacier mass budgets are slightly ...
full text (pdf)
... are not directly included in the Kyoto Protocol or any similar climate mitigation agreement. In this study, we quantify the global radiative forcing resulting from a marginal reduction (10%) in anthropogenic emissions of NOx alone from nine geographic regions and a combined marginal reduction in NOx ...
... are not directly included in the Kyoto Protocol or any similar climate mitigation agreement. In this study, we quantify the global radiative forcing resulting from a marginal reduction (10%) in anthropogenic emissions of NOx alone from nine geographic regions and a combined marginal reduction in NOx ...
The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous U.S. Precipitation
... models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased ...
... models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.