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... future framework among the major emitters and representatives of the main negotiating groups,3 reached at the level of Heads of State – an unprecedented development in international climate change processes to date. Moreover important progress was also made on several issues in the formal technical ...
... future framework among the major emitters and representatives of the main negotiating groups,3 reached at the level of Heads of State – an unprecedented development in international climate change processes to date. Moreover important progress was also made on several issues in the formal technical ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2015
... This glossary is compiled according to the Lead Authors of the report drawing on glossaries and other resources available on the websites of the following organizations, networks and projects: Center for International Forestry Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Interg ...
... This glossary is compiled according to the Lead Authors of the report drawing on glossaries and other resources available on the websites of the following organizations, networks and projects: Center for International Forestry Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Interg ...
International Executive Agreements on Climate Change Hannah Chang*
... interference with the climate system.” Despite the Accord’s reliance on domestic actions, however, the future of U.S. domestic action on climate change is uncertain. The United States has 1. Copenhagen Accord, Decision -/CP.15 (Dec. 18, 2009) ¶ 1 (Apr. 23, 2010) [hereinafter Copenhagen Accord], avai ...
... interference with the climate system.” Despite the Accord’s reliance on domestic actions, however, the future of U.S. domestic action on climate change is uncertain. The United States has 1. Copenhagen Accord, Decision -/CP.15 (Dec. 18, 2009) ¶ 1 (Apr. 23, 2010) [hereinafter Copenhagen Accord], avai ...
2015 Emissions Gap Report
... This glossary is compiled according to the Lead Authors of the report drawing on glossaries and other resources available on the websites of the following organizations, networks and projects: Center for International Forestry Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Interg ...
... This glossary is compiled according to the Lead Authors of the report drawing on glossaries and other resources available on the websites of the following organizations, networks and projects: Center for International Forestry Research, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Interg ...
Likely ecological impacts of global warming and climate change on
... conditions and populations of organisms are in decline as a result of a combination of climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. 3. There is no longer any serious doubt that the earth has warmed by 0.6-0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880 and will warm a further 2-6 degrees Celsius by 2100, almost e ...
... conditions and populations of organisms are in decline as a result of a combination of climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. 3. There is no longer any serious doubt that the earth has warmed by 0.6-0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880 and will warm a further 2-6 degrees Celsius by 2100, almost e ...
Global Sources and Pathways of Mercury in the Context of Human
... scenario, the more recent estimates for 2035 envision a more optimistic emission reduction course in both relative and absolute terms. This can, to some degree, be explained by observed worldwide policy developments and by more detailed information to support the assumptions on the implementation an ...
... scenario, the more recent estimates for 2035 envision a more optimistic emission reduction course in both relative and absolute terms. This can, to some degree, be explained by observed worldwide policy developments and by more detailed information to support the assumptions on the implementation an ...
Science Plan - IGOS Cryosphere
... in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ice stored in glaciers and ice sheets to climate change can and must be studied. Over a considerable fr ...
... in the mass budgets of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In spite of the fact that the current state of balance of ice sheets and ice caps is not well known, the sensitivity of the volume of ice stored in glaciers and ice sheets to climate change can and must be studied. Over a considerable fr ...
The terrestrial carbon cycle on the regional and global scale
... The IMAGE-2 terrestrial C-cycle model is described here, with results shown for the different applications under multiple socio-economic and environmental conditions. The position of the IMAGE-2 C-cycle model is also discussed in a broader context by comparing the model’s results with observed trend ...
... The IMAGE-2 terrestrial C-cycle model is described here, with results shown for the different applications under multiple socio-economic and environmental conditions. The position of the IMAGE-2 C-cycle model is also discussed in a broader context by comparing the model’s results with observed trend ...
Variations in the Wave Climate and Sediment Transport Due to
... Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPIM). It uses 1.875◦ longitude × 1.875◦ latitude (T63) horizontal resolution with 31 layers in the atmospheric part of the model and 1.5◦ longitude × 1.5◦ latitude resolution with 40 layers in the oceanic model. Climate change simulations using ECHAM5 are carried o ...
... Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPIM). It uses 1.875◦ longitude × 1.875◦ latitude (T63) horizontal resolution with 31 layers in the atmospheric part of the model and 1.5◦ longitude × 1.5◦ latitude resolution with 40 layers in the oceanic model. Climate change simulations using ECHAM5 are carried o ...
The Climate and Development Challenge for Latin America
... Impacts on coastal and marine zones caused by increased sea levels and increased sea surface temperature..............................................................................................21 Impacts derived from changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in coastal zo ...
... Impacts on coastal and marine zones caused by increased sea levels and increased sea surface temperature..............................................................................................21 Impacts derived from changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in coastal zo ...
Text (Open Access) - Reading`s CentAUR
... the chemistry of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), model sensitivity studies [Shindell et al., 2009; Stevenson et al., 2013] attribute much of the increase in tropospheric ozone since 1850 to the increase in methane and NOx , with only a minor contribution from NMVOCs. This suggests t ...
... the chemistry of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), model sensitivity studies [Shindell et al., 2009; Stevenson et al., 2013] attribute much of the increase in tropospheric ozone since 1850 to the increase in methane and NOx , with only a minor contribution from NMVOCs. This suggests t ...
Climate Change and Variability in California - NCEAS
... California-specific information. The broader issue of global climate change has been extensively documented in the literature. Rather than restate that information here, the reader is referred to both the official published sources, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) docume ...
... California-specific information. The broader issue of global climate change has been extensively documented in the literature. Rather than restate that information here, the reader is referred to both the official published sources, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) docume ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... Table 1: Health system attainment and performance in all WHO Member States, ranked by eight measures, estimates for 1997..........................................................................................................10 Table 2: Comparison of selected basic health indicators and socio-econo ...
... Table 1: Health system attainment and performance in all WHO Member States, ranked by eight measures, estimates for 1997..........................................................................................................10 Table 2: Comparison of selected basic health indicators and socio-econo ...
Sudan`s National Adaptation Plan
... Minister’s)Foreword) Climate change poses significant challenges to Sudan. Climate Change is not merely an environmental issue that is defined by precipitation and temperature changes; it represents a serious sustainable development problem that affects everyone in our country, particularly those i ...
... Minister’s)Foreword) Climate change poses significant challenges to Sudan. Climate Change is not merely an environmental issue that is defined by precipitation and temperature changes; it represents a serious sustainable development problem that affects everyone in our country, particularly those i ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
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... main income source and driving force of local development in such regions. For this reason, research on the effects of climate change on the snowpack depth and duration is particularly necessary in order to assess the potential socioeconomic impacts in mountain regions. On the other hand, in recent ...
... main income source and driving force of local development in such regions. For this reason, research on the effects of climate change on the snowpack depth and duration is particularly necessary in order to assess the potential socioeconomic impacts in mountain regions. On the other hand, in recent ...
Full-Text PDF
... watershed, Thailand, which is also the main source of environmental deterioration [3]. Soil loss creates negative impacts on agricultural production [4] of crops such as corn and soybeans, infrastructure and water quality. The potential causes of increased soil erosion could be increased temperature ...
... watershed, Thailand, which is also the main source of environmental deterioration [3]. Soil loss creates negative impacts on agricultural production [4] of crops such as corn and soybeans, infrastructure and water quality. The potential causes of increased soil erosion could be increased temperature ...
The rise and fall of the kyoto protocol: climate change as a political
... Abstract: This research focuses on climate change as a political process: it describes the Kyoto Protocol, its origins and ratification process in the international climate-diplomatic arena, as well as the climate strategy based on the United Nations’ framework convention on climate change, its resu ...
... Abstract: This research focuses on climate change as a political process: it describes the Kyoto Protocol, its origins and ratification process in the international climate-diplomatic arena, as well as the climate strategy based on the United Nations’ framework convention on climate change, its resu ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
Communicating Progress in National and Global Adaptation to
... adaptation communications, and information needed for some of the adaptation aspects of the global stocktake under the Paris Agreement (i.a. reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support). This implies that achieving these aims of the global stocktake may require further informa ...
... adaptation communications, and information needed for some of the adaptation aspects of the global stocktake under the Paris Agreement (i.a. reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support). This implies that achieving these aims of the global stocktake may require further informa ...
Capacity Building Approach (Draft Version)
... “ Now, I have learned about water management; I learnt that India comes under very high stress category for availability of water and we should save water” Ramanamm, Class 5 “The eco education project modules were very useful to children and adults, even the community could understand the module thr ...
... “ Now, I have learned about water management; I learnt that India comes under very high stress category for availability of water and we should save water” Ramanamm, Class 5 “The eco education project modules were very useful to children and adults, even the community could understand the module thr ...
Vulnerability of coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef to
... or that have a narrow temperature tolerance range. Coral reefs grow in shallow areas with good light penetration where water temperature rarely declines below 18°C. Globally, coral reefs are, therefore largely restricted to tropical or subtropical waters (between 30 °N and 30 °S), and to coasts with ...
... or that have a narrow temperature tolerance range. Coral reefs grow in shallow areas with good light penetration where water temperature rarely declines below 18°C. Globally, coral reefs are, therefore largely restricted to tropical or subtropical waters (between 30 °N and 30 °S), and to coasts with ...
Malaria in the African highlands: past, present and future
... Malaria en Afrique (ARMA), unpublished data, 1997). Thus while it may be possible to predict the physical location of epidemic-prone areas, identifying when an epidemic is likely to occur may be more problematic. Global temperature change. More recently there has been growing concern that global war ...
... Malaria en Afrique (ARMA), unpublished data, 1997). Thus while it may be possible to predict the physical location of epidemic-prone areas, identifying when an epidemic is likely to occur may be more problematic. Global temperature change. More recently there has been growing concern that global war ...
Climate Change - Ville de Moncton
... eastern Canada, a main hazard associated with climate change is the increased risk of higher intensity and more frequent storm events, and increased risk of flooding. In October, 2012, the results of the RAC project were presented to Moncton City Council. Recognizing its importance, City Council req ...
... eastern Canada, a main hazard associated with climate change is the increased risk of higher intensity and more frequent storm events, and increased risk of flooding. In October, 2012, the results of the RAC project were presented to Moncton City Council. Recognizing its importance, City Council req ...
Importance of carbon dioxide physiological forcing to future climate
... for the last 70-year simulations: The drift in surface air temperature is at most on the order of 1 × 10−3 K per year and the interannual variability as measured by the standard deviation of global mean surface temperature is 0.07 K (Fig. S1). The effect of CO2 -physiological forcing is represented ...
... for the last 70-year simulations: The drift in surface air temperature is at most on the order of 1 × 10−3 K per year and the interannual variability as measured by the standard deviation of global mean surface temperature is 0.07 K (Fig. S1). The effect of CO2 -physiological forcing is represented ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.