Climate change signals detected through mass balance
... irrigation network for millions of South Asians. The glacier response with the climate is closely associated and has been a central issue in glaciological studies (e.g., Kuhn, 1981; Oerlemans, 1994). Glaciers are so sensitive to climate variations that it can be used as an indicator of climate chang ...
... irrigation network for millions of South Asians. The glacier response with the climate is closely associated and has been a central issue in glaciological studies (e.g., Kuhn, 1981; Oerlemans, 1994). Glaciers are so sensitive to climate variations that it can be used as an indicator of climate chang ...
ADAPTING FOREST MANAGEMENT TO CLIMATE CHANGE Rubén Javier Mur Torrentó
... Fig. 4.11: Evolution of the timber price over time depending on the two climate change scenarios considered by Tavoni et al. (2007). .......................................................................... 51 Fig. 4.12: Sum of discounted net benefits over time as a function of the discount rate. . ...
... Fig. 4.11: Evolution of the timber price over time depending on the two climate change scenarios considered by Tavoni et al. (2007). .......................................................................... 51 Fig. 4.12: Sum of discounted net benefits over time as a function of the discount rate. . ...
Mangrove expansion and salt marsh decline at
... (SST) as corresponding to the latitudinal limit in both hemispheres (Figure 1), although SST and air temperature at the latitudinal limit of individual species and genera may vary between continents (Quisthoudt et al., 2012). While mean temperatures provide a correlative explanation for mangrove dis ...
... (SST) as corresponding to the latitudinal limit in both hemispheres (Figure 1), although SST and air temperature at the latitudinal limit of individual species and genera may vary between continents (Quisthoudt et al., 2012). While mean temperatures provide a correlative explanation for mangrove dis ...
Chapter 3: Holy Cross Historic District - DRUM
... Figure 6. Climate Central's Surging Seas interactive scenario builder showing the Holy Cross Historic District at 2050 with current sea level projections......... 50 Figure 7. Climate Central's Surging Seas interactive scenario builder showing the Holy Cross Historic District at 2100 with current se ...
... Figure 6. Climate Central's Surging Seas interactive scenario builder showing the Holy Cross Historic District at 2050 with current sea level projections......... 50 Figure 7. Climate Central's Surging Seas interactive scenario builder showing the Holy Cross Historic District at 2100 with current se ...
Climate Change and Water
... are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Observed warming over several decades has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle such as: increasing atmospheric water vapour cont ...
... are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Observed warming over several decades has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle such as: increasing atmospheric water vapour cont ...
A Climate Modelling Primer - THIRD EDITION
... Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor ...
... Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor ...
BATES et al 2008 Climate Change and Water
... are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Observed warming over several decades has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle such as: increasing atmospheric water vapour cont ...
... are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Observed warming over several decades has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle such as: increasing atmospheric water vapour cont ...
Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change - EEG, TU-Wien
... is whether these effects really were connected. In 1990 the first assessment of the IPCC could not unequivocally show that the observed rise in temperatures was linked to increasing greenhouse gases and not just natural variation, even though it was consistent with modelled projections. But by 2001 ...
... is whether these effects really were connected. In 1990 the first assessment of the IPCC could not unequivocally show that the observed rise in temperatures was linked to increasing greenhouse gases and not just natural variation, even though it was consistent with modelled projections. But by 2001 ...
China Meteorological Administration
... exploratory efforts, you have made outstanding contributions to promoting economic and social development, safeguarding people’s lives, health and well-being, and maintaining national security. Meteorology is of vital importance to the national economy and people’s livelihood. As global climate chan ...
... exploratory efforts, you have made outstanding contributions to promoting economic and social development, safeguarding people’s lives, health and well-being, and maintaining national security. Meteorology is of vital importance to the national economy and people’s livelihood. As global climate chan ...
Climate change, water and food security
... The evidence for climate change is now considered to be unequivocal, and trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature and sea-level rise are tracking the upper limit of model scenarios elaborated in the Fourth Assessment (AR4) undertaken by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ...
... The evidence for climate change is now considered to be unequivocal, and trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature and sea-level rise are tracking the upper limit of model scenarios elaborated in the Fourth Assessment (AR4) undertaken by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ...
Eastern Africa Climate-Smart Agriculture Scoping Study: Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda
... and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, where possible. This study was commissioned by the FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa under the auspices of the project “FAO Technical Support to the COMESA-EAC-SADC ...
... and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, where possible. This study was commissioned by the FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa under the auspices of the project “FAO Technical Support to the COMESA-EAC-SADC ...
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in
... of the anomalies. We adapt the methodology described in Zscheischler et al (2013) and define extremes to be outside a certain threshold q, which is defined by a percentile on the absolute values of the anomalies (figure A.2). We choose the thresholds for each of the four data sets such that extremes ...
... of the anomalies. We adapt the methodology described in Zscheischler et al (2013) and define extremes to be outside a certain threshold q, which is defined by a percentile on the absolute values of the anomalies (figure A.2). We choose the thresholds for each of the four data sets such that extremes ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... Construction and Development Emissions The construction and operation of developments, such as the proposed Project, cause GHG emissions. Operational phase GHG emissions result from energy use associated with heating, lighting and powering buildings (typically through natural gas and electricity con ...
... Construction and Development Emissions The construction and operation of developments, such as the proposed Project, cause GHG emissions. Operational phase GHG emissions result from energy use associated with heating, lighting and powering buildings (typically through natural gas and electricity con ...
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Adapting to the
... • What short-term actions can be taken to respond effectively to climate change? • What promising long-term strategies, investments, and opportunities could be pursued to respond to climate change? • What are the major scientific and technological advances needed to better understand and respond ...
... • What short-term actions can be taken to respond effectively to climate change? • What promising long-term strategies, investments, and opportunities could be pursued to respond to climate change? • What are the major scientific and technological advances needed to better understand and respond ...
What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?
... mostly to the snow cover component. The spread in the strength of this component is in turn mostly attributable to a correspondingly large spread in mean effective snow albedo. Models with large effective snow albedos have a large surface-albedo contrast between snow-covered and snow-free regions an ...
... mostly to the snow cover component. The spread in the strength of this component is in turn mostly attributable to a correspondingly large spread in mean effective snow albedo. Models with large effective snow albedos have a large surface-albedo contrast between snow-covered and snow-free regions an ...
Full-Text PDF
... terrestrial ecosystems. Vegetation growth is influenced by the climate conditions, such as temperature and precipitation and also by ecosystem disturbances such as drought or fire. Climate change is increasing the frequency of such disturbances [1], which alters vegetation dynamics. Many earlier stu ...
... terrestrial ecosystems. Vegetation growth is influenced by the climate conditions, such as temperature and precipitation and also by ecosystem disturbances such as drought or fire. Climate change is increasing the frequency of such disturbances [1], which alters vegetation dynamics. Many earlier stu ...
Climate change amplifies gross nitrogen turnover in montane
... soil water film. This effect was not observed at the control site, where soil freezing did not occur due to a significant insulating snowpack. Climate change conditions accelerated gross nitrogen mineralization by 250% on average. Increased N mineralization significantly stimulated gross nitrificati ...
... soil water film. This effect was not observed at the control site, where soil freezing did not occur due to a significant insulating snowpack. Climate change conditions accelerated gross nitrogen mineralization by 250% on average. Increased N mineralization significantly stimulated gross nitrificati ...
Coastal Hazards and Climate Change
... This Guidance Manual was commissioned by the Ministry of the Environment. The first edition was originally prepared by scientists, planners and engineers from NIWA, BECA Consultants Ltd, DTec Consultants Ltd, and Tonkin and Taylor Ltd in consultation with a wide range of people from local government ...
... This Guidance Manual was commissioned by the Ministry of the Environment. The first edition was originally prepared by scientists, planners and engineers from NIWA, BECA Consultants Ltd, DTec Consultants Ltd, and Tonkin and Taylor Ltd in consultation with a wide range of people from local government ...
A Critical Study of the Literature about Deforestation in the Brazilian
... The need for the study undertaken in this honors thesis is rooted in the idea that the open and free debate of ideas is important to the workings of a democracy and important to the testing of the truth of ideas. The prevailing theory of truth in contemporary American culture seems to be the concept ...
... The need for the study undertaken in this honors thesis is rooted in the idea that the open and free debate of ideas is important to the workings of a democracy and important to the testing of the truth of ideas. The prevailing theory of truth in contemporary American culture seems to be the concept ...
UK`s Second Biennial Report
... the UK’s Air Quality Pollutant Inventory, used for reporting emissions to other international agreements, including the Gothenburg Protocol and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The majority of the underlying information i ...
... the UK’s Air Quality Pollutant Inventory, used for reporting emissions to other international agreements, including the Gothenburg Protocol and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The majority of the underlying information i ...
Climate Change Issues for the Cayman Islands
... Policy Specialist, de Romilly and de Romilly, and Ms. Judi Clarke, Outreach Specialist, ECACC Consultant. We look forward to continued collaboration as we move toward a National Climate Change Policy for the Cayman Islands. The Committee would also like to acknowledge Jeremy Olynik, Geographical Inf ...
... Policy Specialist, de Romilly and de Romilly, and Ms. Judi Clarke, Outreach Specialist, ECACC Consultant. We look forward to continued collaboration as we move toward a National Climate Change Policy for the Cayman Islands. The Committee would also like to acknowledge Jeremy Olynik, Geographical Inf ...
Two hundred fifty years of aerosols and climate: the end of the age
... the net radiative forcing from aerosols is negative, resulting in a net cooling impact. This negative forcing has “masked” some of the positive forcing from greenhouse gases (Wigley, 1989; Charlson et al., 1991; Kiehl and Briegleb, 1993; Taylor and Penner, 1994). As found by historical pattern-match ...
... the net radiative forcing from aerosols is negative, resulting in a net cooling impact. This negative forcing has “masked” some of the positive forcing from greenhouse gases (Wigley, 1989; Charlson et al., 1991; Kiehl and Briegleb, 1993; Taylor and Penner, 1994). As found by historical pattern-match ...
Inequality and the Social Cost of CarbonThe authors would like to
... also makes it easier to use existing estimates of preferences over distributions of income to pin down the parameters of the welfare function. One can calibrate the between individuals inequality aversion parameter by looking at studies that either estimate an inequality aversion parameter from obse ...
... also makes it easier to use existing estimates of preferences over distributions of income to pin down the parameters of the welfare function. One can calibrate the between individuals inequality aversion parameter by looking at studies that either estimate an inequality aversion parameter from obse ...
Climate Futures for Tasmania: water and catchments technical report
... The Climate Futures for Tasmania research project is Tasmania’s most important source of climate change information at a local scale. It is an essential part of the Tasmanian Government’s climate change strategy and is invaluable in informing evidence-based decision making in all sectors of governme ...
... The Climate Futures for Tasmania research project is Tasmania’s most important source of climate change information at a local scale. It is an essential part of the Tasmanian Government’s climate change strategy and is invaluable in informing evidence-based decision making in all sectors of governme ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.