Glacier changes during the past century in the Gangrigabu
... advanced 1117 and 1762 m, and their areas have increased 0.51 and 0.49 km2, respectively. The general pattern of glacier shrinkage during the last two decades can be attributed to climate warming in the region, while a less obvious total area reduction is due to the contribution of advancing glacier ...
... advanced 1117 and 1762 m, and their areas have increased 0.51 and 0.49 km2, respectively. The general pattern of glacier shrinkage during the last two decades can be attributed to climate warming in the region, while a less obvious total area reduction is due to the contribution of advancing glacier ...
Zero poverty, zero emissions - Overseas Development Institute
... by 2100. Nearly all the IPCC’s mitigation scenarios indicate that the global economy must reach zero net greenhouse gas emissions before the century’s end to hold the global mean temperature rise to less than 2°C, the limit beyond which the world will face ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference’ with ...
... by 2100. Nearly all the IPCC’s mitigation scenarios indicate that the global economy must reach zero net greenhouse gas emissions before the century’s end to hold the global mean temperature rise to less than 2°C, the limit beyond which the world will face ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference’ with ...
Antarctic - Instituto Antártico Chileno
... The Chilean Antarctic Bulletin (Boletín Antártico Chileno) is the official publication of INACH. Its goals include dissemination of information on the Chilean Scientific Antarctic Program and related activities. The Bulletin recently received a new design and editorial approach in efforts to reach a ...
... The Chilean Antarctic Bulletin (Boletín Antártico Chileno) is the official publication of INACH. Its goals include dissemination of information on the Chilean Scientific Antarctic Program and related activities. The Bulletin recently received a new design and editorial approach in efforts to reach a ...
Modelling the evolution of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since
... rate of retreat, and to assess the role of ice dynamics. Assuming a linearly increasing warming of >3°C by 2100, only isolated and largely stagnant ice patches remain at high elevation. KEYWORDS: energy balance, glacier flow, glacier fluctuations, ice dynamics, mountain glaciers ...
... rate of retreat, and to assess the role of ice dynamics. Assuming a linearly increasing warming of >3°C by 2100, only isolated and largely stagnant ice patches remain at high elevation. KEYWORDS: energy balance, glacier flow, glacier fluctuations, ice dynamics, mountain glaciers ...
you can - Allianz
... people can take out private health insurance and the average retirement age should be extended. In France, 84% of the population has private health insurance. ...
... people can take out private health insurance and the average retirement age should be extended. In France, 84% of the population has private health insurance. ...
Coastal climate change vulnerability and adaptation
... temperatures of about 2‐4°C (relative to 1980‐1999) by the end of the century. This In turn is projected to affect coastal and marine environments through elevated sea levels, changes in coastal wave climate and the associated patterns of erosion and sediment transport. The extent of sea level r ...
... temperatures of about 2‐4°C (relative to 1980‐1999) by the end of the century. This In turn is projected to affect coastal and marine environments through elevated sea levels, changes in coastal wave climate and the associated patterns of erosion and sediment transport. The extent of sea level r ...
Simulating the winter North Atlantic Oscillation: the roles of internal
... significantly greater than that observed, and can no longer explain the observed record if the simulated NAO indices are scaled so that they have the same high-frequency variance as that observed. It is likely, therefore, that other external forcings also contributed to the observed NAO index increas ...
... significantly greater than that observed, and can no longer explain the observed record if the simulated NAO indices are scaled so that they have the same high-frequency variance as that observed. It is likely, therefore, that other external forcings also contributed to the observed NAO index increas ...
CIS WORKING PAPER - Swiss Network for International Studies
... negotiations over time. Have island states managed to hold together, or has the cohesiveness of the Alliance, one of its key characteristics and strengths, diminished over time, as issues multiplied and differences among members have become more visible? We first map the activities and positions of ...
... negotiations over time. Have island states managed to hold together, or has the cohesiveness of the Alliance, one of its key characteristics and strengths, diminished over time, as issues multiplied and differences among members have become more visible? We first map the activities and positions of ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of the Galápagos Islands
... the impacts of climate change. It is predicted that climate change will cause rising sea level, higher ocean temperatures and more acidic waters. As the ocean largely regulates the climate, changes in ocean temperatures and currents are already altering the frequency, intensity, and distribution of ...
... the impacts of climate change. It is predicted that climate change will cause rising sea level, higher ocean temperatures and more acidic waters. As the ocean largely regulates the climate, changes in ocean temperatures and currents are already altering the frequency, intensity, and distribution of ...
Comparing Conceptualizations of Urban Climate Resilience in
... Foundation to assess the range of climate adaptation resources and services available to support local climate adaptation (for more information see Nordgren et al. [19]). The online survey was developed and administered by the researchers in collaboration with three nonprofit organizations: ICLEI-Lo ...
... Foundation to assess the range of climate adaptation resources and services available to support local climate adaptation (for more information see Nordgren et al. [19]). The online survey was developed and administered by the researchers in collaboration with three nonprofit organizations: ICLEI-Lo ...
Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that “one of the gravest effects of climate change may be those on human migration” (McTegart, Sheldon, and Griffiths 1990). Today, as the effects of climate change intensify, action is needed in two different directions. Mitigation of greenhou ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that “one of the gravest effects of climate change may be those on human migration” (McTegart, Sheldon, and Griffiths 1990). Today, as the effects of climate change intensify, action is needed in two different directions. Mitigation of greenhou ...
The Economic Effects of Long-Term Climate Change
... of long-term climate change factoring in the potentially mitigating role of adaptation. To the best of my knowledge, it is the …rst paper to provide econometric evidence on the economic e¤ects of long-term climate change. In particular, I study the economic e¤ects of temperature changes during the L ...
... of long-term climate change factoring in the potentially mitigating role of adaptation. To the best of my knowledge, it is the …rst paper to provide econometric evidence on the economic e¤ects of long-term climate change. In particular, I study the economic e¤ects of temperature changes during the L ...
Climate Change, Risk and Productivity: Analyses of Chinese
... the country’s large population with sufficient amounts of food. However, as a consequence of continuing population growth and an increasing wealth, it is generally expected that the demand both for basic food commodities, such as grain, and for higher-value food commodities, including meat and aquat ...
... the country’s large population with sufficient amounts of food. However, as a consequence of continuing population growth and an increasing wealth, it is generally expected that the demand both for basic food commodities, such as grain, and for higher-value food commodities, including meat and aquat ...
English - Inter-Parliamentary Union
... (16bis) Noting with satisfaction the ambitious nature of the plan of action agreed by the European Union in December 2008 to achieve by 2020 the following objectives: reduce by at least 20 per cent its greenhouse gas emissions (this percentage would increase to 30% should a global post-Kyoto accord ...
... (16bis) Noting with satisfaction the ambitious nature of the plan of action agreed by the European Union in December 2008 to achieve by 2020 the following objectives: reduce by at least 20 per cent its greenhouse gas emissions (this percentage would increase to 30% should a global post-Kyoto accord ...
Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change
... al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 AR Fire (Jones et al. 2009). This rate of burning corresponds to an estimated fire rotation period (also termed the “fire cycle”) of 4400 years (Rocha et al. 2012). During the same period, 14% of t ...
... al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 AR Fire (Jones et al. 2009). This rate of burning corresponds to an estimated fire rotation period (also termed the “fire cycle”) of 4400 years (Rocha et al. 2012). During the same period, 14% of t ...
Arctic tundra fires: natural variability and responses to climate change
... al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 AR Fire (Jones et al. 2009). This rate of burning corresponds to an estimated fire rotation period (also termed the “fire cycle”) of 4400 years (Rocha et al. 2012). During the same period, 14% of t ...
... al. 2012); 68% of the total burned area in this ecoregion was associated with a single event, the 2007 AR Fire (Jones et al. 2009). This rate of burning corresponds to an estimated fire rotation period (also termed the “fire cycle”) of 4400 years (Rocha et al. 2012). During the same period, 14% of t ...
PDF
... This study is based on a comprehensive field crop data set collected by Statistics Canada (2013) on the total annual crop area seeded/harvested, summer fallow area, yield, and production of all the major crops grown in Canada by province at the crop district level (Figure 1). The time period coverag ...
... This study is based on a comprehensive field crop data set collected by Statistics Canada (2013) on the total annual crop area seeded/harvested, summer fallow area, yield, and production of all the major crops grown in Canada by province at the crop district level (Figure 1). The time period coverag ...
Estimating natural and anthropogenic responses of the water cycle
... Strong and growing quantitative evidence is at hand that the Earth's climate has undergone distinct changes in the past. During the last millennium the in uence of external and internal processes rendered both warmer and colder periods, the most pronounced of which are referred to as the Medieval Cl ...
... Strong and growing quantitative evidence is at hand that the Earth's climate has undergone distinct changes in the past. During the last millennium the in uence of external and internal processes rendered both warmer and colder periods, the most pronounced of which are referred to as the Medieval Cl ...
Australia`s Sixth National Communication on Climate Change
... geography, coastal population concentrations and biodiversity render it particularly vulnerable to small variations in climate. Many of Australia’s key industry sectors such as agriculture and tourism are also vulnerable to high variability in temperature and rainfall patterns. If global greenhouse ...
... geography, coastal population concentrations and biodiversity render it particularly vulnerable to small variations in climate. Many of Australia’s key industry sectors such as agriculture and tourism are also vulnerable to high variability in temperature and rainfall patterns. If global greenhouse ...
Application for CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs
... 5. Unless a Tier 1 experiment differs only slightly from another well-established experiment, it must already have been performed by more than one modeling group. 6. A sufficient number of modelling centers (~8) are committed to performing all of the MIP‘s Tier 1 experiments and providing all the re ...
... 5. Unless a Tier 1 experiment differs only slightly from another well-established experiment, it must already have been performed by more than one modeling group. 6. A sufficient number of modelling centers (~8) are committed to performing all of the MIP‘s Tier 1 experiments and providing all the re ...
Economic Costs and Benefits of Climate Change Impacts and
... Tourism is the largest sector of the economy in the Maldives, and it is critical to the country’s economic future. However, tourism in the Maldives is at risk to climate and non-climate influences. Non-climate influences – such as land-use pressure and coastal erosion, waste management, limited fres ...
... Tourism is the largest sector of the economy in the Maldives, and it is critical to the country’s economic future. However, tourism in the Maldives is at risk to climate and non-climate influences. Non-climate influences – such as land-use pressure and coastal erosion, waste management, limited fres ...
David_Simmons-The_Impact_of_Climate_Chnage_in_Africa
... © 2016 Willis Towers Watson. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. For Willis Towers Watson and Willis Towers Watson client use only. ...
... © 2016 Willis Towers Watson. All rights reserved. Proprietary and Confidential. For Willis Towers Watson and Willis Towers Watson client use only. ...
Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba, a Model Organism - ePIC
... as photoperiod (the duration of day length) to time their annual cycle. How sensitive krill might be to climate change scenarios is so far unknown in many cases. On the one hand krill seems to be sensitive to change because the larval stages have only low starvation tolerance (ROSS & QUETIN 1991, ME ...
... as photoperiod (the duration of day length) to time their annual cycle. How sensitive krill might be to climate change scenarios is so far unknown in many cases. On the one hand krill seems to be sensitive to change because the larval stages have only low starvation tolerance (ROSS & QUETIN 1991, ME ...
solas 2015-2025 - Surface Ocean
... the critical role of SOLAS science in many aspects of the human realm. Now, the need for continued coordination remains compelling, both to address new problems and to develop new approaches to persistent questions. Progress in SOLAS science is needed to assess the impact of anthropogenic emissions ...
... the critical role of SOLAS science in many aspects of the human realm. Now, the need for continued coordination remains compelling, both to address new problems and to develop new approaches to persistent questions. Progress in SOLAS science is needed to assess the impact of anthropogenic emissions ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.